Medical Term Quiz Questions Part - 17

Explanation
Cystoglandular hyperplasia is a condition characterized by the excessive growth of cysts and glandular tissue in the ovaries. It is commonly associated with theca cell tumors, which are ovarian tumors that arise from the theca cells, a type of cell found in the ovarian follicles. Theca cell tumors can lead to hormonal imbalances and cause symptoms such as abnormal uterine bleeding and hirsutism. Therefore, the correct answer is theca cell tumor.

Explanation
Krukenberg adenocarcinoma of the ovary is a type of cancer that occurs when cancer cells from another organ, typically the gastrointestinal tract, spread to the ovaries. The most common primary site of metastasis for Krukenberg adenocarcinoma is the stomach, followed by the colon and appendix. However, liver metastasis is also a possible source of Krukenberg adenocarcinoma in the ovaries. Therefore, the correct answer is liver.

Explanation
Surfactant synthesis starts after about 26 weeks of fetal life. This indicates that the production of surfactant, a substance that helps to reduce surface tension in the lungs and prevent alveoli collapse, begins around this time during fetal development. The timing of surfactant synthesis is crucial for the proper functioning of the lungs and the ability of the fetus to breathe effectively after birth.

Explanation
Rapid antigen tests for meningitis organisms in a child can be done on blood because blood samples can be easily obtained and analyzed for the presence of specific antigens related to meningitis. This method is commonly used as it provides a quick and accurate diagnosis of meningitis in children. CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) tests are also commonly used, but they are more invasive and require a lumbar puncture. Urine and throat swab tests are not typically used for rapid antigen testing for meningitis organisms in children.

Explanation
A child can remove a front opening garment at 48 months. This is because by this age, most children have developed enough fine motor skills and coordination to manipulate buttons or zippers. Additionally, they have also gained some independence and can start to dress and undress themselves with minimal assistance.

Explanation
Osgood-Schlatter disease is a condition characterized by inflammation and irritation of the growth plate at the top of the shinbone (tibia), where the tendon from the kneecap (patellar tendon) attaches. It commonly occurs in adolescents who are active in sports that involve running, jumping, and quick changes of direction. The condition causes pain, swelling, and tenderness below the knee, and is often seen in growing teenagers. Pellegrini-Stieda disease is a condition where there is calcification of the medial collateral ligament of the knee. Albers-Schonberg disease, also known as osteopetrosis or marble bone disease, is a rare genetic disorder that causes increased bone density and brittleness.

Explanation
The mesoderm of the primary optic vesicle gives rise to the sclera. The sclera is the tough, white outer layer of the eye that helps to maintain the shape and protect the delicate structures within the eye. It provides attachment points for the muscles that control eye movement and helps to support and protect the internal components of the eye, such as the retina and lens.

Explanation
Chlorambucil is an alkylating agent commonly used in the treatment of certain types of cancer, particularly lymphoid malignancies. It works by damaging the DNA of cancer cells, preventing their growth and division. Therefore, the most important target of chlorambucil is lymphoid tissue, as it specifically targets and affects the cancer cells in this type of tissue.

Explanation
The correct answer is 30%. Lathyrism is a neurological disorder caused by the consumption of khesari dal, which contains a toxin called beta-ODAP. When consumed in high amounts, this toxin can lead to paralysis of the lower limbs. Studies have shown that a diet containing more than 30% khesari dal over a period of 2-6 months can increase the risk of developing lathyrism. Therefore, consuming 30% or more of khesari dal in the diet can cause lathyrism in 2-6 months.