MSK T4b Quiz 2

All of the options listed can contribute to the development of thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS). Muscular hypertrophy, which refers to the enlargement of muscles, can cause compression and narrowing of the thoracic outlet, leading to TOS. Postural dysfunction, such as poor posture or repetitive movements, can also contribute to TOS by putting excessive pressure on the nerves and blood vessels in the thoracic outlet. Congenital abnormalities, which are present from birth, can affect the structure of the thoracic outlet and increase the risk of developing TOS. Therefore, all three factors mentioned in the options can contribute to the development of TOS.

Compression of the brachial plexus by the pectoralis minor muscle can result in symptoms when reaching overhead. This is because when the arm is raised overhead, the pectoralis minor muscle can impinge on the brachial plexus, causing compression and resulting in symptoms such as pain, tingling, or weakness in the affected arm. Ipsilateral neck rotation, contralateral neck rotation, and wrist extension are not specifically associated with compression of the brachial plexus by the pectoralis minor muscle.

The correct answer is myofascial/connective tissue techniques applied to the flexor retinaculum of the wrist. Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. The flexor retinaculum is a thick band of connective tissue that forms the roof of the carpal tunnel. Applying myofascial/connective tissue techniques to the flexor retinaculum can help to release tension and alleviate the compression on the median nerve, reducing symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.

Foot overpronation refers to the excessive inward rolling of the foot during walking or running. This can lead to an imbalance in the muscles and ligaments surrounding the foot and ankle, including the piriformis muscle. The piriformis muscle is located in the buttocks and plays a role in stabilizing the hip joint. When the foot overpronates, it can cause the piriformis muscle to become tight or irritated, leading to piriformis syndrome. This condition is characterized by pain, tingling, or numbness in the buttocks and down the leg. Therefore, it is true that foot overpronation can cause piriformis syndrome.

The test shown will bias the radial nerve. The radial nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of the posterior compartment of the arm and forearm, as well as providing sensory innervation to the skin on the posterior aspect of the arm, forearm, and hand. Biasing the radial nerve means that the test is specifically targeting or affecting this nerve, possibly to assess its function or provoke a response.

not-available-via-ai

A client with neural tension symptoms aggravated by shoulder depression likely has costoclavicular syndrome. Costoclavicular syndrome is caused by compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian artery between the clavicle and first rib. Shoulder depression exacerbates the symptoms by further narrowing the space between these structures. Carpal tunnel syndrome, anterior scalene syndrome, pectoralis minor syndrome, and cubital tunnel syndrome are not typically aggravated by shoulder depression and do not involve compression at the costoclavicular region.

When the plexus is compressed by a depressed clavicle, the upper trapezius muscle should NOT be lengthened. This is because the upper trapezius muscle is responsible for elevating and retracting the scapula, and lengthening it would exacerbate the compression of the plexus. Lengthening the upper trapezius in this situation would further contribute to the impingement of the nerves in the plexus, leading to potential nerve damage and symptoms such as pain, numbness, and weakness in the upper extremities.

The correct answer is 2-3 seconds. This is because a neural tension test is used to assess and treat nerve-related symptoms, such as pain or tingling. The test involves applying tension to the nerve to determine if it reproduces the patient's symptoms. If the symptoms resolve within 2-3 seconds after releasing the tension, it indicates that the nerve is not significantly affected and the treatment is successful.

All of the options listed can cause pain that may be described as sciatica. Lumbar nerve root irritation occurs when the nerves in the lower back are compressed or irritated, leading to pain that radiates down the leg. Piriformis syndrome is a condition in which the piriformis muscle in the buttocks irritates or compresses the sciatic nerve, causing pain. The gluteus minimus trigger point refers to a specific area in the buttocks that, when stimulated or compressed, can cause pain that radiates down the leg. Therefore, all of these conditions can cause sciatica-like pain.

When there is suspicion of medial epicondylitis, the ulnar nerve should be ruled out as a source of symptoms. Medial epicondylitis, also known as golfer's elbow, is a condition characterized by pain and inflammation on the inner side of the elbow. The ulnar nerve runs through this area and can be affected by the inflammation. Therefore, ruling out ulnar nerve involvement is important in diagnosing and treating medial epicondylitis accurately.

Adhesions between the median nerve and pronator teres muscle is not a cause of carpal tunnel syndrome. Carpal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist. Rheumatoid arthritis of the radiocarpal joint, boney callus from a wrist fracture, tendinitis of the extrinsic finger flexor muscles, and water retention resulting from pregnancy can all contribute to the compression of the median nerve and lead to carpal tunnel syndrome.

The statement is false because neurological symptoms in the posterior thigh are not common with piriformis syndrome. Piriformis syndrome typically presents with symptoms such as pain, tingling, or numbness in the buttocks and down the leg, but these symptoms do not usually extend specifically to the posterior thigh.

not-available-via-ai