Mod F-unit 1- Theory

An osteocyte is a mature bone cell. Osteocytes are the most common type of bone cell and they are responsible for maintaining the health and function of bone tissue. They are embedded within the bone matrix and are connected to each other through tiny channels called canaliculi. Osteocytes play a crucial role in bone remodeling and repair, as well as in regulating the mineral content of the bone. They also act as mechanosensors, detecting and responding to mechanical forces exerted on the bone. Overall, osteocytes are essential for the maintenance and homeostasis of bone tissue.

Rickets is a deficiency of Vitamin D. This vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus in the body, which are crucial for the development and maintenance of strong and healthy bones. Without enough Vitamin D, the body is unable to properly mineralize bones, leading to soft and weak bones. Rickets is commonly seen in children and can cause skeletal deformities, delayed growth, and muscle weakness. Adequate exposure to sunlight and consumption of foods rich in Vitamin D, such as fatty fish and fortified dairy products, can help prevent and treat rickets.

Osteoblasts are bone-building cells. They are responsible for the formation and mineralization of bone tissue. These cells synthesize and secrete proteins and other components that make up the extracellular matrix of bone. Osteoblasts play a crucial role in bone development, growth, and repair by producing new bone tissue and regulating its mineralization.

Amphiarthrosis refers to a type of joint that allows for slight movement. Unlike freely movable joints, which have a wide range of motion, amphiarthrosis joints only permit limited movement. This type of joint is characterized by the presence of cartilage or fibrocartilage between the articulating bones, which provides some flexibility while still maintaining stability. Therefore, the correct answer is "Slightly movable."

The hip or shoulder joint is an example of a joint referred to as a diarthrosis. Diarthrosis joints are freely movable and allow for a wide range of motion. The hip and shoulder joints are both ball-and-socket joints, which means that they have a rounded end of one bone fitting into a cup-like socket of another bone. This structure allows for movements in multiple directions, making them diarthrosis joints.

Bone grows in length from the epiphyseal plates at both ends. The epiphyseal plates are cartilaginous plates located at the ends of long bones in growing individuals. These plates are responsible for longitudinal bone growth by continuously adding new bone tissue. As new bone cells are formed at the epiphyseal plates, older bone cells are pushed towards the shaft of the bone, resulting in an increase in bone length. Once the individual reaches skeletal maturity, the epiphyseal plates close, and bone growth in length stops.

The burst of the joint acts as a cushion of padding. This means that it provides protection and shock absorption for the joint, preventing damage and reducing impact on the bones and muscles.

A neoplasm is an abnormal growth of cells, and sarcoma is a type of neoplasm that specifically originates from bone tissue. Sarcomas can develop in any bone in the body and are usually malignant. Carcinoma, adenoma, and melanoma are also types of neoplasms, but they do not originate from bone tissue. Carcinoma is a neoplasm that arises from epithelial cells, adenoma is a neoplasm that arises from glandular tissue, and melanoma is a neoplasm that arises from melanocytes. Therefore, sarcoma is the correct answer as it specifically refers to a neoplasm of the bone.

The correct answer is "Floating." Floating ribs are the last two pairs of ribs in the ribcage and they do not have a direct anterior attachment to the sternum or any other structure. Instead, they are only attached posteriorly to the vertebrae. This allows them to move more freely and provides flexibility to the ribcage.

Kyphosis refers to an exaggerated curve of the thoracic area of the spine. This condition causes a rounding or hunching of the back, leading to a noticeable forward curvature of the upper back. It can result from various factors, including poor posture, degenerative diseases, or structural abnormalities. This answer correctly identifies kyphosis as the exaggerated curve of the thoracic area, distinguishing it from other conditions like loss of bone density, lateral curvature of the spine, or exaggerated lumbar curve.