Mock Test - Rmip

A risk that affects the entire economy or a large number of persons or groups within the economy is called a fundamental risk. This type of risk is not specific to any particular individual or entity, but rather impacts the overall economic system. It can arise from factors such as economic recessions, natural disasters, or global financial crises. Fundamental risks have the potential to cause widespread and significant negative consequences for businesses, industries, and the general population.

The correct answer is A) AB&C. Consideration under the law refers to the return promise to do certain things, abstain from doing certain things, and forbear some acts. This means that in a contract, both parties must provide something of value to each other in order for the contract to be legally binding.

Each house is valued at Rs.20000 and 4 houses get burnt every year. Therefore, the total value of the houses lost in a year is 4 * Rs.20000 = Rs.80000. Since there are 400 houses in total, each owner should contribute an equal amount to cover the losses. So, the contribution each owner should pay is Rs.80000 / 400 = Rs.200.

Adverse commodity price movements are not privately insurable because they are considered systemic risks that affect the entire market. Unlike fire damage to personal property, legal liability arising from car use, and financial insecurity caused by the premature death of the family breadwinner, which can be insured by individuals through private insurance policies, adverse commodity price movements are beyond the control of individuals and cannot be mitigated through private insurance.

The correct answer suggests that Suresh has taken measures to manage his risk by insuring his two-wheeler for damages from accidents. However, he has chosen not to buy accident insurance cover for himself, indicating that he is retaining the risk of personal injury. By wearing a helmet and driving carefully, he is taking steps to control some of his personal risk. Therefore, Suresh has insured the property risk (his two-wheeler) but retains the rest of the risk (personal injury).

Rama is likely to recover Rs. 80000 because that was the value of the house when he took the policy and it has not changed since then.

The statement is false because third party administrators do not directly reimburse policy holders for any expenses incurred. Instead, they process and manage claims on behalf of the insurance company, ensuring that the policy holder receives the appropriate reimbursement from the insurance company.

The minimum age at entry for medi-claim is 91 days. This means that individuals must be at least 91 days old in order to be eligible for a medi-claim policy.

Insurance brokers in India are regulated by the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority (IRDA). IRDA is the regulatory body that oversees the functioning and operations of insurance companies and intermediaries in the country. It sets guidelines and standards for insurance brokers to ensure fair practices, transparency, and consumer protection in the insurance industry. Therefore, the correct answer is IRDA.

The measures of using magnetic price tags and alarm bells in Dean's Discount store are examples of loss control. Loss control refers to the actions taken by a company to minimize or prevent losses, such as theft or damage to products. In this case, the store is implementing measures to control and reduce the loss caused by shoplifting. By using magnetic price tags, they can ensure that the products are properly demagnetized before leaving the store, and the alarm bell serves as a deterrent and alerts the staff in case a demagnetized tag is not detected. These measures help the store control and mitigate the potential loss caused by shoplifting.

Permanent death and damage to property caused by a fire are examples of pure risks. Pure risk refers to situations where there is only a possibility of loss or no loss at all, but no possibility of gain or profit. In the case of permanent death, there is no possibility of gain, only loss. Similarly, damage to property caused by a fire would result in a loss, not a profit. Therefore, statement 2 is true, while statement 1 is false as pure risk does not produce profit.

In a unit linked policy, the market risk is with the insured. This means that the insured bears the risk of any fluctuations or changes in the market that may affect the value of their investment. The insurer, on the other hand, does not bear this risk and is not responsible for any losses or gains resulting from market changes. Therefore, the correct answer is A, the insured.

Insurers use the process of underwriting to select and classify insurance applicants. This process helps prevent individuals who have a higher than average probability of loss from obtaining insurance at average rates. Underwriting involves assessing the risk associated with each applicant and determining the appropriate premium to charge based on that risk. It helps ensure that insurance companies can accurately price their policies and maintain profitability while providing coverage to those who need it.

The range of a distribution is calculated by subtracting the lowest score from the highest score. In this case, the lowest score is 45 and the highest score is 265. Subtracting 45 from 265 gives us a range of 220.

As a person gets older, the likelihood of needing long-term care increases. Long-term care insurance provides coverage for services such as nursing home care, assisted living, and in-home care that are not typically covered by health insurance or Medicare. Therefore, a person over 60 would require long-term care insurance more urgently than life insurance or professional indemnity insurance.

Liability risk refers to the possibility that an individual may be held legally responsible for causing harm or damage to someone else's body or property. In such cases, a court of law can order the responsible person to pay damages to the injured party. This type of risk is different from speculative risk, which involves the possibility of gaining or losing something of value, property risk, which specifically relates to potential damage to property, and fundamental risk, which refers to risks that are inherent in the nature of certain activities or events.

Pooling of risk refers to the spreading of losses incurred by a few individuals over a larger group. This is done so that the average loss is substituted for the actual loss. By pooling the risk, the burden of the losses is shared among a larger number of people, reducing the financial impact on any single individual. This concept is commonly used in insurance, where individuals pay premiums to a pool, and in the event of a loss, they are compensated from that pool.

Disability Income Protection insurance is not easily available in India. This type of insurance provides coverage for individuals who become disabled and are unable to work, providing them with a regular income. In India, there is a lack of awareness and demand for this type of insurance, resulting in limited availability. Additionally, insurance companies may perceive disability income protection as a higher risk, leading to limited options for individuals seeking this coverage.

Insurance agents are not required to disclose their commission to clients in an upfront manner. While it is important for agents to act in the best interest of their clients and provide them with all relevant information, including any potential conflicts of interest, there is no specific requirement for them to disclose their commission. However, they are expected to provide accurate and complete information about the insurance policies they offer and any fees or charges associated with them.

The correct answer is d) There must be a sufficiently large number of heterogeneous exposure units to make the losses reasonably predictable. This statement is not correct because for risk to be insurable, there must be a sufficiently large number of homogeneous exposure units, not heterogeneous. Homogeneous exposure units ensure that the losses can be predicted and spread across a large pool of similar risks, reducing the overall uncertainty for the insurer.

The first step in the risk management process is to identify potential losses. This involves assessing and recognizing the various risks that an organization may face, such as financial, operational, or reputational risks. By identifying these potential losses, the organization can then proceed to evaluate and analyze them in order to develop strategies and techniques to mitigate or handle these risks effectively.

Olivia is evaluating whether a loss control investment is worth it by calculating the present value of the expected future cash flows from the project and subtracting the cost of the loss control equipment. The resulting value is called the Net Present Value (NPV). NPV helps determine if the investment will generate positive or negative returns by considering the time value of money. A positive NPV indicates that the project is expected to generate more cash inflows than the initial investment, making it a justified investment.

Speculative risk refers to a situation where there is a possibility of both gain and loss. Therefore, it can have outcomes such as loss, gain, or even maintaining the status quo. This means that all options A, B, and C are possible outcomes of speculative risk, leading to the correct answer being d) A B & C.

Professional indemnity cover protects a financial advisor who was negligent in giving investor advice only if the advisor had not included a disclaimer of liability in the contract with the investor. This means that if the advisor had included a disclaimer in the contract, they would not be protected by the professional indemnity cover. The presence of a disclaimer shifts the liability away from the advisor, making them not liable for any potential losses or damages caused by their advice. Therefore, the absence of a disclaimer in the contract is a condition for the professional indemnity cover to apply.

In this scenario, Sujata can claim personal accident insurance because she was involved in an accident and suffered injuries. However, her neighbors can claim property insurance to cover the damage caused to their car by the falling sunshield.

Mrs. Rangnekar needs to insure her life for 12 years because that is the time period until her son finishes his graduation and her savings are not adequate to provide for his post-graduate studies. After her son finishes graduation, her savings will be enough to support him, so she would not need life insurance beyond that point. Additionally, her life expectancy is another 30 years, but that does not necessarily mean she needs life insurance for that entire period.

To calculate the insurance requirement under the needs-based method, we need to consider the following factors:
1. Final expenses: Rs. 3.5 lac
2. Present annual expenses: Rs. 4 lac
3. Mr. Rao's personal expenses: Rs. 1 lac
4. Post-tax income in hand: Rs. 3.5 lac
5. Post-tax post-inflation return: 3%

First, we calculate the total annual expenses by adding Mr. Rao's personal expenses to the present annual expenses, which gives us Rs. 5 lac.

Next, we calculate the annual income requirement by subtracting the post-tax income in hand from the total annual expenses. This gives us Rs. 1.5 lac.

To calculate the insurance requirement, we divide the annual income requirement by the post-tax post-inflation return rate. This gives us Rs. 50 lac.

Finally, we divide the insurance requirement by the life expectancy of 40 years to get the insurance cover required, which is Rs. 15.4 lac.

Therefore, the correct answer is Rs. 15.4 lac.

Government insures programs like workers compensation and social security are designed to provide insurance coverage for complex economic problems that are difficult to insure privately. These programs are compulsory and the benefits received are based on past contributions or coverage under the program. Therefore, the correct answer is "Social insurance program."

The principle of indemnity ensures that the compensation paid to the insured is equal to the loss. This means that in the event of a loss due to an insured event, the insured will be reimbursed for the exact amount of the loss they have suffered. The principle of indemnity aims to restore the insured to the same financial position they were in before the loss occurred, without providing any additional benefits or profits. Therefore, the compensation paid will be equal to the actual loss incurred by the insured.

The principle of insurable interest is an important legal doctrine that requires a person seeking insurance to have a financial interest in the subject matter of the insurance. This means that the person must stand to suffer a financial loss if the insured object or event is damaged or lost. This principle ensures that insurance is not used for speculative purposes and helps to prevent fraud. It also ensures that insurance contracts are based on a genuine need for protection against potential financial loss.

Adverse selection refers to the problem that arises when individuals with higher-than-average risk are more likely to purchase insurance. In this case, Claire's decision to purchase health insurance after experiencing sharp abdominal pain indicates that she may have a higher risk of needing medical treatment. This can lead to higher losses for the insurance company than anticipated, as they are insuring individuals who are more likely to make claims.

A captive insurance company is a subsidiary formed by a business to provide insurance coverage for itself and its affiliates. In this case, Harris Petroleum is forming an insurance subsidiary specifically for writing pollution liability insurance and other coverage. The subsidiary is based in Bermuda for regulatory reasons, which is a common practice for captive insurance companies. Captive insurance companies are commonly used by businesses to manage their own risks and potentially reduce insurance costs.

Insurable risk criteria include the Law of Large Numbers, which states that the larger the number of similar risks, the more accurately the losses can be predicted. Additionally, the loss must be definite and measurable, meaning that it can be quantified and verified. Lastly, the loss must not be catastrophic, meaning that it should not result in a widespread and severe impact. Therefore, the correct answer is c) A B & C, as all three criteria must be met for a risk to be insurable.

Subjective risk refers to the uncertainty or fear that individuals have about the outcome of a particular situation. It is not based on objective data or measurable factors, but rather on the individual's perception and subjective feelings. This type of risk arises when people are unsure about the potential outcome and cannot accurately predict what might happen. It is influenced by factors such as personal beliefs, experiences, and emotions, which can vary from person to person. Therefore, the answer "Uncertainty in the minds of individuals regarding the outcome" accurately explains the concept of subjective risk.

Life cover might be the most important insurance for Abraham because he is married and has dependents, such as children. In the event of his untimely death, life cover would provide financial protection for his family, ensuring that they are taken care of and can maintain their current standard of living. This insurance would help cover any outstanding debts, funeral expenses, and provide a source of income for his family in his absence.

ABC Company's use of the lease agreement with computer solutions company (CSC) allows them to shift the responsibility for hardware and software losses to CSC. This means that if any damage occurs to the computers and software, CSC will be held accountable for it. This method of dealing with risk, known as non insurance transfer, involves transferring the risk to another party without the involvement of an insurance company. In this case, ABC Company is not relying on insurance to cover the losses, but rather transferring the risk to CSC through the lease agreement.

The policy cost per thousand can be calculated by dividing the annual premium by the death benefit and multiplying it by 1000. In this case, the annual premium is Rs 23000 and the death benefit is Rs 20,00,000. Dividing Rs 23000 by Rs 20,00,000 and multiplying it by 1000 gives us Rs 11.5. However, since the interest rate is 10%, we need to add the interest earned on the cash surrender value. The interest earned on the cash surrender value is Rs 600000 - Rs 570000 = Rs 30000. Adding this to the policy cost per thousand gives us Rs 11.5 + Rs 30000 = Rs 30011.5. Finally, multiplying this by the policy cost per thousand conversion of 0.001 gives us Rs 30.01. Therefore, the correct answer is b) 28.07.

The correct answer is insurance because insurance is a method used to transfer the risk of potential losses to an insurance company, not to pay for retained losses. Retained losses are typically paid for using other methods such as borrowed funds, funded reserves, or current net income.

Risk management departments of some companies have developed interactive websites incorporating search capabilities for limited, internal use. These websites are called Risk Management intranets. These intranets are specifically designed to provide a platform for employees to access and navigate through various risk management resources, tools, and information within the company. They help in promoting effective risk management practices, facilitating communication and collaboration among employees, and ensuring that risk-related information is easily accessible and available to the relevant stakeholders within the organization.

The terms "actual cash value," "replacement value," and "depreciation" are all factors that can be used to measure the potential loss in an insurance context. When determining the potential loss, insurance companies consider the current value of the insured item (actual cash value), the cost to replace it (replacement value), and any decrease in value over time (depreciation). By taking these factors into consideration, insurance companies can accurately assess the potential financial loss that may occur in the event of a claim.

Franklin can purchase liability insurance to protect himself from claims related to damaging someone else's property or causing injury to someone. Liability insurance provides coverage for legal expenses, medical costs, and damages that may arise from such incidents. It helps protect individuals from financial burdens that may result from lawsuits or claims filed against them for their actions or negligence.

A physical inspection of the company plants and operations can help to identify major loss exposure because it allows for a firsthand assessment of any potential hazards or risks present in the physical environment. Historical claims data can also help to identify major loss exposures because it provides information about past incidents and patterns of claims, which can help to identify areas of high risk or vulnerability. Therefore, both 1 and 2 are true statements.

The correct answer advises the client to consider the potential losses from permanent disability and assess whether they are higher than what he can financially bear. If the potential losses are higher than what he can handle, it is recommended for the client to purchase insurance. This is because the cost of insuring against lower probability events, such as permanent disability, will generally be lower than the potential financial burden of such an event. Therefore, the client would be better off buying insurance to protect against this risk.

Life annuity is a financial product that provides regular payments to the annuitant for the rest of their life. The annuitant pays a lump sum or periodic premiums to the annuity provider. The payments received by the annuitant are based on factors such as the annuitant's age, gender, and the interest rates at the time of purchase. However, it is important to note that the annuitant is not guaranteed to receive back more than they paid in. The amount of payments received may be influenced by factors such as interest rates and the annuitant's life expectancy. Therefore, statement a) is incorrect as it suggests an assurance of receiving back more than the annuitant paid in, which is not always the case.

The correct answer is Rs. 50000 because in order to calculate the present value (PV) of the liability, we need to discount the future payments by the rate of inflation. The 4 annual payments of Rs. 20000 will be received 15 years from now, so we need to discount them back to present value. The inflation rate is 5% per year, so we need to divide the future payments by (1 + inflation rate)^(number of years). In this case, the present value of each payment is Rs. 20000 / (1 + 0.05)^15 = Rs. 8955. The total present value of the liability is then Rs. 8955 * 4 = Rs. 35820. However, since the fund is earning 8% per year, we also need to discount this present value back to present value using the rate of return. Rs. 35820 / (1 + 0.08)^15 = Rs. 50000.

In this scenario, the most appropriate source of funds to cover the unidentified work in the project is the management reserves. Management reserves are funds set aside specifically for unexpected events or risks that may arise during the project. These reserves act as a buffer to cover any additional costs or requirements that were not initially planned for. Therefore, the management reserves would be the most suitable option to cover the unidentified work in this situation.

Insurable interest refers to the financial or legal interest that an individual has in the subject matter of an insurance policy. In this case, a Member of Parliament and his unrelated party workers do not have a direct financial or legal interest in each other's well-being or property. Therefore, there is no insurable interest between them, making the statement false.

The loss of profits that could have been earned if the business had remained open is best described as an indirect (consequential) loss. This is because the loss of profits is not a direct result of the fire itself, but rather a consequence of the fire forcing the business to close for repairs. The fire is the peril or hazard that caused the indirect loss of profits.

Both statements 1 and 2 are true with respect to hazards. Statement 1 states that many physical hazards can be reduced through loss control measures, which implies that there are measures that can be taken to minimize or eliminate physical hazards. Statement 2 states that moral hazards are more serious than morale hazards, indicating that moral hazards pose a greater risk or consequence compared to morale hazards. Therefore, both statements are true.

Insurance is not simply a wager, as it involves the transfer of risk from one party to another in exchange for a premium. It is a contract in which the insurer agrees to compensate the insured for specified losses. While insurance can be socially productive by providing financial protection and stability, gambling is not considered socially productive as it involves risking money on uncertain outcomes for the purpose of winning more money. Therefore, neither statement 1 nor 2 is true with respect to insurance and gambling.