.
SS
Admiralty
Copper
Mild steel
The cathodic area and anodic area are similar
The anodic area is large, relative to the cathode.
The cathodic area is large, relative to the anode.
When sacrificial anodes are used.
Decreased pH levels at the cathode.
A galvanic cell is set up between the manganese deposit and the metal.
Deficient oxygen levels under the deposit.
Increased pH levels at the anode.
Both (a) and (b).
Maintain an alkalinity of less than 300 ppm
Maintain a pH below 8.3.
Keep calcium hardness below 50 ppm.
All of the above.
A and b
Stabilize the iron or manganese.
Oxidize the iron or manganese and prevent further corrosion.
Reduce the iron or manganese causing a severe corrosion potential
Oxidize the iron or manganese causing a potential for fouling.
8.4 pounds per day
1 pounds per day.
10 pounds per day.
84 pound per day.
None of the above.
Red tubercules (iron oxide)
Cracking at grain boundaries
Precipitation of calcium hydroxide
Granules of black iron (iron sulfide)
27.5 million gallons /yr
32.4 million gallons /yr
53.6 million gallons/yr
47.3 million gallons/yr
Considers water flow and pressure drop.
Is calculated by the formula, C = U (A) (LMTD) for a one pass exchanger.
Cannot be applied if there is a phase change on the process side (a gas condensed to a liquid).
Considers process side fouling.
83 gph [ .314 m3/hr]
182 gph [ .689 m3/hr]
283 gph [1.07 m3/hr]
383 gph [1.45 m3/hr]
The current cooling water program was designed to provide excellent cooling tower performance and protect personnel.
The current program is acceptable, but insist that the customer run Legionella test on the tower water at least once a year, just to be sure.
The current program was designed to provide good performance of heat exchangers and towers,but was not designed to meet a health standard.
The current program is acceptable if chlorine dioxide was added to the make up water to prevent Legionella from entering the tower system.
The Nalco Bio-Index is determined by measuring the fluorescent signal of both the unreacted and reacted Bio-Reporter Material and determining the ratio.
Using too much oxidizing biocide with the Nalco Bio-Reporter can make the tower turn blue
The Bio-Reporter can be used to monitor bioactivity for a baseline before starting a 3D Bio-controlled program.
The Bio-Index is independent of Bio-Reporter concentration.
Low stress
Mild Stress
High Stress
Alarm conditions
It measures total polymer consumption.
It measures the rate of polymer consumption.
It measures the amount of scale that is forming.
It measures the rate of change of pH, and conductivity.
High ph
Microbiological attack
Too high inhibitor dosage
Particulate erosion
Azole.
Silicate
Nitrite
Molybdate
Iron dispersancy.
Particulate dispersancy.
Calcium phosphate and zinc hydroxide control.
All of the above
A) and b).
Monitoring the soluble zinc and difference between filtered & unfiltered total phosphate
Monitoring the soluble zinc and difference between filtered & unfiltered ortho phosphate.
Monitoring the difference between soluble & total zinc.
Monitoring the soluble zinc and filtered total phosphate.
Adjust tower pH up.
Adjust SiO2 levels in tower to a maximum of 150 ppm.
Adjust pH or cycles so that magnesium silicate is soluble.
Clarify the makeup water
High levels of orthophosphate film over the entire metal surface.
Formation of a passive gamma iron oxide film at the cathode.
Precipitation of protective ortho-phosphate films at the cathode, as a result of locally high pH levels.
Formation of a passive gamma iron oxide film at the anode and precipitation of a polyphosphate film at the cathode.
Ultrasonic flow meter
Heat balance
Pump curve
A) and b) only
All of the above
0.68 m/sec (2.25 ft/sec)
2.70 m/sec (8.9 ft/sec)
1.68 m/sec (5.5 ft/sec)
1.00 m/sec (3.3 ft/sec
Provides a pitting corrosion rate.
Replaces corrosion coupon testing.
Measures trends in corrosivity.
None of the above.
Replaces corrosion coupon testing and Measures trends in corrosivity.
Inlet and outlet temperatures of the water, heat of vaporization of water plus the specific heat of water.
Inlet and outlet temperatures of the water, specific heat, heat of vaporization and condensation temperature of the process liquid
Heat of vaporization, heat of condensation, and specific heat of the process side and the water.
Temperatures of the water, surface area of the heat exchanger, and the U value of the heat exchanger.
Recirculation rate
Fan Speed
Fill Cleanliness.
All of the above
Only a) and c)
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