Oral Patho Chapter 2

Surgical extraction is indeed the treatment for impacted teeth. When a tooth is impacted, it means that it is unable to fully emerge from the gum line. In such cases, a surgical extraction is often necessary to remove the impacted tooth. This procedure involves making an incision in the gum tissue and removing the tooth from its socket. It is typically performed by an oral surgeon under local anesthesia. Other methods, such as simple extraction or orthodontic treatment, may not be effective for impacted teeth, making surgical extraction the correct answer.

Delayed eruption refers to a condition where teeth take longer than usual to emerge from the gums. This can occur due to various reasons, such as systemic causes like rickets and cleidocranial dysplasia. These conditions affect the normal development and growth of teeth, leading to a delay in their eruption. Premature eruption, on the other hand, refers to teeth erupting earlier than expected. Therefore, the given answer correctly identifies delayed eruption as the appropriate term for the described disturbance of eruption caused by systemic factors.

Fusion is a dental anomaly that occurs when two adjacent teeth fuse together during development. This leads to a reduction in the total number of teeth in the mouth. The fusion process causes the teeth to appear larger and wider than normal, as they are joined together. This condition can cause various dental issues, including crowding, misalignment, and difficulties in oral hygiene maintenance. Treatment options for fusion may include orthodontic intervention or extraction, depending on the severity of the case.

Concrescence is a dental anomaly where two separate teeth become fused together by the cementum, resulting in the union of their roots. This can occur when the roots of adjacent teeth come into contact during development and the cementum fuses them together. It is different from fusion, which involves the union of the crowns of two teeth. Concrescence can lead to complications during dental procedures, such as difficulties in tooth extraction or root canal treatment.

Amelogenesis imperfecta is a genetic disorder that affects the development of tooth enamel. It can affect both primary (baby) and permanent teeth. This condition causes the enamel to be soft and chalky, making it more prone to damage and decay. Therefore, the given statement that amelogenesis imperfecta affects both primary and permanent teeth and causes a soft chalky enamel is true.

Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder characterized by short blunt roots and discoloration of the teeth. This means that individuals with this condition inherit it from their parents and exhibit abnormal tooth development, including roots that are shorter and blunter than normal and teeth that are discolored. Therefore, the statement "Dentinogenesis imperfecta is a hereditary disorder, appears with short blunt roots and discoloration" is true.

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Taurodontism is a condition characterized by an elongated crown and an apically placed furcation of the root, which leads to an enlarged rectangular pulp chamber. This condition is often inherited and can affect multiple teeth. It is caused by a disturbance in the development of the tooth during its formation. Taurodontism can be seen in various dental conditions, such as Down syndrome and amelogenesis imperfecta. It is important to diagnose and manage taurodontism as it can cause complications in dental treatment planning and may require special considerations during dental procedures.

Premature eruption in permanent teeth can occur due to hyperthyroidism. Hyperthyroidism is a condition characterized by an overactive thyroid gland, which leads to an excessive production of thyroid hormones. These hormones play a crucial role in the development and eruption of teeth. In hyperthyroidism, the increased levels of thyroid hormones can accelerate the eruption process, causing the teeth to come in earlier than usual. This can result in misalignment or crowding of the teeth, as the jaw may not be fully developed to accommodate the early eruption.

Macrodonita is a condition characterized by abnormally large teeth. Crowding refers to the lack of space in the dental arch to accommodate all the teeth properly. In the case of macrodontia, the larger size of the teeth can lead to crowding, as there is not enough space for them to align properly. This can result in misalignment, overlapping, or crooked teeth. Therefore, it is likely that crowding can occur with macrodontia.

Relative generalized microdontia refers to a condition where all teeth in both arches are smaller in size compared to the size of the arches. This means that the teeth are proportionally smaller in relation to the size of the jaws. It is important to note that this condition is relative, meaning that the teeth are smaller in comparison to the arches, but they are still within the normal size range. This is different from true generalized microdontia, where the teeth are abnormally small in size.

Congenital syphilis can cause specific dental abnormalities known as Hutchinson incisors and mulberry molars. Hutchinson incisors are characterized by notched, peg-shaped teeth with a screwdriver-like appearance. Mulberry molars, on the other hand, have multiple cusps that resemble a mulberry fruit. These dental abnormalities are often seen in individuals who were infected with syphilis in utero.

Studies have shown that hypodontia, which is the condition of having fewer than the normal number of teeth, tends to occur more frequently in females compared to males. This gender difference could be attributed to various factors such as hormonal influences, genetic predisposition, or differences in dental development between males and females.

Hypoplastic is the correct answer because it refers to a type of amelogenesis imperfecta where the enamel is hard, translucent, and has an abnormal thickness. This condition is characterized by a lack of enamel formation during tooth development, resulting in thin or pitted enamel.

Premature eruption mostly occurs in primary lower central incisors. This means that these teeth tend to come in earlier than expected. This can happen due to various reasons such as genetic factors, abnormal growth patterns, or dental issues. It is important to monitor the eruption of primary teeth as it can affect the alignment and development of permanent teeth. Therefore, it is true that premature eruption is commonly observed in primary lower central incisors.

Gemination is a dental anomaly where a single tooth develops two separate crowns instead of one. This condition is more commonly seen in primary (baby) teeth than permanent teeth. It occurs when the tooth germ tries to divide into two, but only partially succeeds, resulting in the formation of a tooth with two crowns that are partially or completely separated. This can cause the tooth to appear larger than normal and may lead to spacing issues in the dental arch.

Dens invaginatus is a rare dental malformation where the enamel and dentin fold inward before calcification takes place. This results in a deep invagination or "pocket" within the tooth. This condition can lead to various dental problems, including increased risk of tooth decay and infection. Treatment typically involves filling or sealing the invagination to prevent complications.

Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth that can appear in addition to the normal set of teeth. They can occur in various locations in the mouth, such as between two central incisors (mesiodense), next to molars (paramolars), and at the back of the mouth (distomolars). However, distopremolars are not a location where supernumerary teeth typically appear. Therefore, the correct answer is distopremolars.

Hypercementosis is the excessive formation of cementum, which is a calcified tissue that covers the roots of teeth. It is commonly observed in teeth that are subjected to heavy occlusal forces, such as grinding or clenching. It can also occur in Paget's disease of bone, a condition that affects the bones and can cause abnormal bone growth. Periapical inflammation, which is inflammation around the tip of the tooth root, can also lead to hypercementosis. However, premature teeth, which refers to teeth that erupt earlier than usual, are not typically associated with hypercementosis.

Hypocalcified is the correct answer because it refers to a type of amelogenesis imperfecta where the enamel is of normal thickness but is extremely brittle and prone to staining and wearing. This condition occurs due to a deficiency in the mineral calcium, which is necessary for proper enamel formation. The enamel appears hypoplastic (underdeveloped) because it lacks the necessary mineralization.

Dens invaginatus is a dental anomaly where there is an infolding or invagination of the enamel and dentin into the pulp chamber. It commonly appears in both the maxillary central incisors and the maxillary lateral incisors. Therefore, the correct answer is A+B.

The statement is false because microdontia of one or two teeth does not appear specifically with Down syndrome and congenital heart disease. Microdontia can occur as a dental abnormality in various individuals regardless of any specific medical condition.

The most common type of dentinogenesis imperfecta is Type II, where only the teeth are affected. This means that the dentin, the hard tissue that makes up the bulk of the tooth, is abnormal and can lead to various dental problems such as discoloration, weakened enamel, and increased susceptibility to cavities. Unlike Type I, which is associated with osteogenesis imperfecta (a condition that affects the bones), Type II only affects the teeth. Type III, mentioned in the options, is not the most common type of dentinogenesis imperfecta and occurs in Maryland, which is unrelated to the condition.

Supernumerary teeth are extra teeth that can develop in addition to the normal set of teeth. They can cause various dental issues, including malposition, root resorption, and dentigerous cyst development. However, the given correct answer, "Deformed teeth (conical crown)," suggests that supernumerary teeth do not typically lead to the development of deformed teeth with a conical crown shape.

Supernumerary roots refer to the presence of additional roots in a tooth. This condition is commonly found in teeth other than wisdom teeth, mandibular molars, mandibular premolars, and mandibular canines. The correct answer, "Mandibular molars," implies that supernumerary roots are less likely to occur in this type of tooth compared to the others mentioned.