What Do You Know About Respiratory Syncytial Virus? Trivia Questions Quiz

1. One of the goals for children with asthma is to prevent respiratory infection. The reason for this goal is that respiratory infection can:

Encourage exercise-induced asthma.

Increase sensitivity to allergens.

Lessen the effectiveness of medications.

Trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state.

trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state.
Respiratory infections can trigger an asthmatic attack. Annual influenza vaccine is recommended. All respiratory equipment should be kept clean.

Explanation

trigger an episode or aggravate an asthmatic state.
Respiratory infections can trigger an asthmatic attack. Annual influenza vaccine is recommended. All respiratory equipment should be kept clean.

2. ______________ highly contagious respiratory infection. Affects almost all children before age 2

RSV stands for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, which is a highly contagious respiratory infection. It is known to affect almost all children before the age of 2. RSV is a common cause of respiratory tract infections and can lead to symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, congestion, and difficulty breathing. It is spread through respiratory droplets and can be particularly severe in infants and young children, as well as in older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems. Taking preventive measures such as practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and getting vaccinated can help reduce the spread of RSV.

Explanation

RSV stands for Respiratory Syncytial Virus, which is a highly contagious respiratory infection. It is known to affect almost all children before the age of 2. RSV is a common cause of respiratory tract infections and can lead to symptoms such as coughing, sneezing, congestion, and difficulty breathing. It is spread through respiratory droplets and can be particularly severe in infants and young children, as well as in older adults and individuals with weakened immune systems. Taking preventive measures such as practicing good hygiene, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and getting vaccinated can help reduce the spread of RSV.

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3. The parents of a child diagnosed with bronchiolitis ask the nurse how the disorder is treated. Which response by the nurse is appropriate?

"Antibiotics will be given for a period of 10 days."

"A medication called dexamethasone helps to heal the lungs."

"An inhaler will be used and the symptoms will be gone in about 24 hours."

"The focus is on managing symptoms and providing supportive care."

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Explanation

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4. Which should the nurse administer to provide quick relief to a child with asthma who is coughing, wheezing, and having difficulty catching her breath?

. Prednisone.

Singulair (montelukast).

Albuterol.

Flovent (fluticasone).

Albuterol is the correct answer because it is a quick-acting bronchodilator that helps to relax the muscles in the airways, allowing them to open up and improve airflow. This can provide immediate relief to a child with asthma who is experiencing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Prednisone, Singulair, and Flovent are all medications used for asthma management, but they are not as fast-acting as albuterol and would not provide quick relief in this situation.

Explanation

Albuterol is the correct answer because it is a quick-acting bronchodilator that helps to relax the muscles in the airways, allowing them to open up and improve airflow. This can provide immediate relief to a child with asthma who is experiencing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Prednisone, Singulair, and Flovent are all medications used for asthma management, but they are not as fast-acting as albuterol and would not provide quick relief in this situation.

5. RSV Results debris clogs minute airways.

True

False

The statement is suggesting that the RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) results in debris that clogs the minute airways. This means that when a person is infected with RSV, it can cause blockages in the small air passages of the lungs, making it difficult for air to flow properly. This can lead to respiratory issues and breathing difficulties. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct as it aligns with the statement provided.

Explanation

The statement is suggesting that the RSV (Respiratory Syncytial Virus) results in debris that clogs the minute airways. This means that when a person is infected with RSV, it can cause blockages in the small air passages of the lungs, making it difficult for air to flow properly. This can lead to respiratory issues and breathing difficulties. Therefore, the given answer "True" is correct as it aligns with the statement provided.

6. The nurse is providing discharge instruction to the parents of a 7-month-old patient admitted with bronchiolitis. The nurse explains the process of observing breathing patterns as a way to determine respiratory distress. Which statement by the parent displays an understanding of this intervention?

"If my child cries, they are most likely in respiratory distress."

"I can place my hand on their chest to check for distress."

"I should observe the pattern while my child is lying on their belly."

"If I can see the rib cage retract, I should seek medical attention."

The correct answer is "If I can see the rib cage retract, I should seek medical attention." This statement displays an understanding of the intervention because it correctly identifies a visual sign of respiratory distress. Retraction of the rib cage indicates that the child is working harder to breathe, which is a sign of respiratory distress and requires medical attention. This statement shows that the parent understands the importance of observing breathing patterns and recognizing signs of respiratory distress in their child.

Explanation

The correct answer is "If I can see the rib cage retract, I should seek medical attention." This statement displays an understanding of the intervention because it correctly identifies a visual sign of respiratory distress. Retraction of the rib cage indicates that the child is working harder to breathe, which is a sign of respiratory distress and requires medical attention. This statement shows that the parent understands the importance of observing breathing patterns and recognizing signs of respiratory distress in their child.

7. An infant is hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis. The priority nursing diagnosis is:

Fatigue related to increased work of breathing.

Ineffective breathing pattern related to airway inflammation and increased secretions.

Risk for fluid volume deficit related to tachypnea and decreased oral intake.

Fear and/or anxiety related to dyspnea and hospitalization.

An ineffective breathing pattern is the priority nursing diagnosis for an infant hospitalized with RSV infection.

Explanation

An ineffective breathing pattern is the priority nursing diagnosis for an infant hospitalized with RSV infection.

8. Infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia are commonly treated with bronchodilators such as theophylline. Which of the following adverse effects is common with this drug?

Lethargy

Decreased calcium level

Increased heart rate

Decreased serum potassium level

Theophylline is a bronchodilator commonly used to treat infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. One of the common adverse effects of this drug is an increased heart rate. This is because theophylline acts as a stimulant to the heart, causing it to beat faster. Other adverse effects of theophylline may include restlessness, tremors, and nausea. However, in the context of the given options, increased heart rate is the most commonly associated adverse effect with the use of theophylline in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Explanation

Theophylline is a bronchodilator commonly used to treat infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. One of the common adverse effects of this drug is an increased heart rate. This is because theophylline acts as a stimulant to the heart, causing it to beat faster. Other adverse effects of theophylline may include restlessness, tremors, and nausea. However, in the context of the given options, increased heart rate is the most commonly associated adverse effect with the use of theophylline in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

9. The nurse is teaching the parents of a child with bronchiolitis about the care needed at home. Which statement by the parents indicates instructions have been effective?

"We should stop the antibiotics once the bronchiolitis symptoms go away."

"We will provide extra stimulation for our child."

"We will administer the prescribed amoxicillin 1 hour before meals."

"It is important to give our child extra fluids."

The correct answer indicates that the parents understand the importance of giving their child extra fluids. This is important because bronchiolitis can cause dehydration due to increased respiratory effort and fever. Providing extra fluids helps prevent dehydration and keeps the child hydrated, which is crucial for their recovery. The other statements do not demonstrate a clear understanding of the care needed for bronchiolitis.

Explanation

The correct answer indicates that the parents understand the importance of giving their child extra fluids. This is important because bronchiolitis can cause dehydration due to increased respiratory effort and fever. Providing extra fluids helps prevent dehydration and keeps the child hydrated, which is crucial for their recovery. The other statements do not demonstrate a clear understanding of the care needed for bronchiolitis.

10. More than 20 seconds without breath is called _________

Apnea is the correct answer because it refers to the condition of not breathing for more than 20 seconds. It is a medical term used to describe a temporary cessation of breathing, often caused by an obstruction or a neurological disorder. During an apnea episode, the person may experience a lack of oxygen, leading to symptoms such as gasping or snoring upon resuming breathing. Therefore, apnea accurately describes the condition mentioned in the question.

Explanation

Apnea is the correct answer because it refers to the condition of not breathing for more than 20 seconds. It is a medical term used to describe a temporary cessation of breathing, often caused by an obstruction or a neurological disorder. During an apnea episode, the person may experience a lack of oxygen, leading to symptoms such as gasping or snoring upon resuming breathing. Therefore, apnea accurately describes the condition mentioned in the question.

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11. The mother of a hospitalized 2-year-old child with viral laryngotracheobronchitis (croup) asks the nurse why the health care provider did not prescribe antibiotics. Which response should the nurse make?

"The child may be allergic to antibiotics."

"The child is too young to receive antibiotics."

"Antibiotics are not indicated unless a bacterial infection is present."

"The child still has the maternal antibodies from birth and does not need antibiotics."

The nurse should respond, "Antibiotics are not indicated unless a bacterial infection is present." This is the correct answer because viral laryngotracheobronchitis, also known as croup, is caused by a viral infection and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Antibiotics are only prescribed when there is a bacterial infection present. It is important to educate the mother about the appropriate use of antibiotics to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

Explanation

The nurse should respond, "Antibiotics are not indicated unless a bacterial infection is present." This is the correct answer because viral laryngotracheobronchitis, also known as croup, is caused by a viral infection and antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. Antibiotics are only prescribed when there is a bacterial infection present. It is important to educate the mother about the appropriate use of antibiotics to prevent the development of antibiotic resistance.

12. The nurse instructs the parents of a patient with a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) to monitor oral intake and count diapers. The parents ask why this is important. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

"This will reduce the risk of gaining a concurrent infection."

"This will help to identify if your child is becoming dehydrated."

"This intervention is to check if the medication is working."

"This intervention demonstrates whether the child is getting adequate nutrition."

Monitoring oral intake and counting diapers is important in a patient with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) because it helps to identify if the child is becoming dehydrated. RSV can cause increased respiratory secretions and difficulty in feeding, which can lead to dehydration. By monitoring the child's oral intake and counting diapers, the parents can keep track of the child's fluid intake and output. Any significant decrease in oral intake or decrease in the number of wet diapers can indicate dehydration, which needs to be addressed promptly to prevent complications.

Explanation

Monitoring oral intake and counting diapers is important in a patient with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) because it helps to identify if the child is becoming dehydrated. RSV can cause increased respiratory secretions and difficulty in feeding, which can lead to dehydration. By monitoring the child's oral intake and counting diapers, the parents can keep track of the child's fluid intake and output. Any significant decrease in oral intake or decrease in the number of wet diapers can indicate dehydration, which needs to be addressed promptly to prevent complications.

13. RSV causes _________ sound's in airways.

Crackles

Ronchi

RSV causes crackles in airways. Crackles are abnormal lung sounds that are often described as a popping or crackling noise. They are caused by the movement of air through fluid or mucus in the airways. RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is a common viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system, particularly in young children. It can cause inflammation and increased mucus production in the airways, leading to the presence of crackles during breathing.

Explanation

RSV causes crackles in airways. Crackles are abnormal lung sounds that are often described as a popping or crackling noise. They are caused by the movement of air through fluid or mucus in the airways. RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, is a common viral infection that primarily affects the respiratory system, particularly in young children. It can cause inflammation and increased mucus production in the airways, leading to the presence of crackles during breathing.

14. The mother of an infant diagnosed with bronchiolitis asks the nurse what causes this disease. The nurse's response would be based on the knowledge that the majority of infections that cause bronchiolitis are a result of_______

Respiratory syncytial virus

Explanation

Respiratory syncytial virus

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15. A client diagnosed with bronchitis asks the nurse about the function of the bronchi. Which should the nurse include in the response?

Help to keep the lungs inflated

Capture and help sweep the debris toward the mouth for removal when coughing

Contain the heart, trachea, esophagus, and the great vessels

Warm and moisten air as it moves through the respiratory tract to the alveoli

The bronchi are responsible for warming and moistening the air as it moves through the respiratory tract to the alveoli. This is important because the respiratory system needs warm and moist air to function properly. The warm and moist air helps to prevent irritation and damage to the delicate tissues of the respiratory tract and alveoli. Additionally, the moisture in the air helps to keep the respiratory tract hydrated and prevents it from drying out. Therefore, this is the correct answer.

Explanation

The bronchi are responsible for warming and moistening the air as it moves through the respiratory tract to the alveoli. This is important because the respiratory system needs warm and moist air to function properly. The warm and moist air helps to prevent irritation and damage to the delicate tissues of the respiratory tract and alveoli. Additionally, the moisture in the air helps to keep the respiratory tract hydrated and prevents it from drying out. Therefore, this is the correct answer.

16. The nurse is discussing the pharmacologic treatment of infant patients with bronchiolitis. Which medication would the nurse identify as having tachycardia and generalized tremors as a side effect?

Antibacterials

Nebulizers

Corticosteroids

Bronchodilators

Bronchodilators are medications that help to relax and widen the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. One of the side effects of bronchodilators is tachycardia, which refers to an increased heart rate. This means that the heart beats faster than normal. Additionally, bronchodilators can also cause generalized tremors, which are involuntary shaking or trembling of the body. Therefore, the nurse would identify bronchodilators as the medication that can cause tachycardia and generalized tremors as a side effect.

Explanation

Bronchodilators are medications that help to relax and widen the airways in the lungs, making it easier to breathe. One of the side effects of bronchodilators is tachycardia, which refers to an increased heart rate. This means that the heart beats faster than normal. Additionally, bronchodilators can also cause generalized tremors, which are involuntary shaking or trembling of the body. Therefore, the nurse would identify bronchodilators as the medication that can cause tachycardia and generalized tremors as a side effect.

17. An infant with a congenital heart defect is receiving palivizumab (Synagis). The purpose of this is to:

Prevent RSV infection.

Prevent secondary bacterial infection.

Decrease toxicity of antiviral agents.

Make isolation of infant with RSV unnecessary.

A. prevent RSV infection.
Synagis is a monoclonal antibody specific for RSV. Monthly administration is initiated to prevent infection with RSV.

Explanation

A. prevent RSV infection.
Synagis is a monoclonal antibody specific for RSV. Monthly administration is initiated to prevent infection with RSV.

18. The nurse assessing a newborn suspect's respiratory distress. Which finding supports the suspicion?

Intercostal retractions

Abdominal breathing

Respiratory rate of 44

Acrocyanosis at birth

Intercostal retractions are inward movements of the muscles between the ribs during breathing, indicating increased effort to breathe. This finding suggests respiratory distress in a newborn. Abdominal breathing, respiratory rate of 44, and acrocyanosis at birth are not specific to respiratory distress and can have other causes.

Explanation

Intercostal retractions are inward movements of the muscles between the ribs during breathing, indicating increased effort to breathe. This finding suggests respiratory distress in a newborn. Abdominal breathing, respiratory rate of 44, and acrocyanosis at birth are not specific to respiratory distress and can have other causes.

19. A child with asthma is having pulmonary function tests. Which explains the purpose of the forced expiratory volume (FEV1)?

Confirm the diagnosis of asthma

Determine the cause of asthma

Identify the "triggers" of asthma

Assess the severity of asthma

Assess the severity of asthma
The forced expiratory volume measures the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in the first second. This can provide an objective measure of pulmonary function compared with the child's baseline.

Explanation

Assess the severity of asthma
The forced expiratory volume measures the maximum amount of air that can be forcefully exhaled in the first second. This can provide an objective measure of pulmonary function compared with the child's baseline.

20. A 4-year-old child needs to use a metered-dose inhaler to treat asthma. The child cannot coordinate her breathing to use it effectively. The appropriate intervention by the nurse is to use a:

Spacer.

Nebulizer.

Peak expiratory flow meter.

Trial of chest physiotherapy.

spacer.
The medication in a metered-dose inhaler is sprayed into the spacer. The child can then inhale the medication without having to coordinate the spraying and breathing.

Explanation

spacer.
The medication in a metered-dose inhaler is sprayed into the spacer. The child can then inhale the medication without having to coordinate the spraying and breathing.

21. The nurse is speaking to the parents of a patient with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Which respiratory structure should the nurse identify as being obstructed?

Cilia

Small airways

Large airways

Pulmonary artery

The nurse should identify the small airways as being obstructed in a patient with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, specifically the bronchioles. RSV infects the lining of the bronchioles, causing them to become swollen and filled with mucus, leading to obstruction and difficulty in breathing. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to recognize that the small airways are affected in this condition.

Explanation

The nurse should identify the small airways as being obstructed in a patient with bronchiolitis caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis is an inflammation of the small airways in the lungs, specifically the bronchioles. RSV infects the lining of the bronchioles, causing them to become swollen and filled with mucus, leading to obstruction and difficulty in breathing. Therefore, it is important for the nurse to recognize that the small airways are affected in this condition.

22. The nurse is caring for a 4-month-old patient diagnosed with a mild case of bronchiolitis. Which action should the nurse take to help the patient at this time?

Use an inhaled bronchodilator as prescribed.

Administer antibiotics as prescribed.

Administer palivizumab as prescribed.

Suction the nose frequently, especially before feeding.

To help a 4-month-old patient with bronchiolitis, the nurse should suction the nose frequently, especially before feeding. This action is important because bronchiolitis often causes nasal congestion, which can make it difficult for the baby to breathe and feed properly. Suctioning the nose helps to clear the airway and improve breathing, allowing the baby to feed more comfortably. It is important to suction before feeding to ensure that the baby can breathe and eat without difficulty. Using an inhaled bronchodilator, administering antibiotics, or administering palivizumab are not appropriate actions for a mild case of bronchiolitis.

Explanation

To help a 4-month-old patient with bronchiolitis, the nurse should suction the nose frequently, especially before feeding. This action is important because bronchiolitis often causes nasal congestion, which can make it difficult for the baby to breathe and feed properly. Suctioning the nose helps to clear the airway and improve breathing, allowing the baby to feed more comfortably. It is important to suction before feeding to ensure that the baby can breathe and eat without difficulty. Using an inhaled bronchodilator, administering antibiotics, or administering palivizumab are not appropriate actions for a mild case of bronchiolitis.

23. A child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is admitted to a care area. Which action by the nurse will prevent the spread of infection?

Prohibit contact with patients who do not have RSV.

Cover the child's face with a mask.

Admit the child to the intensive care unit

Avoid use of alcohol-based hand sanitizer.

Prohibiting contact with patients who do not have RSV will prevent the spread of infection because RSV is highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person. By keeping the child with RSV away from patients who do not have the virus, the nurse can minimize the risk of transmission to others. This action helps to protect both the child with RSV and other patients from contracting the infection.

Explanation

Prohibiting contact with patients who do not have RSV will prevent the spread of infection because RSV is highly contagious and can easily spread from person to person. By keeping the child with RSV away from patients who do not have the virus, the nurse can minimize the risk of transmission to others. This action helps to protect both the child with RSV and other patients from contracting the infection.

24. _________is a common respiratory virus that usually causes mild, cold-like symptoms.

RSV, also known as Respiratory Syncytial Virus, is a common respiratory virus that typically leads to mild symptoms similar to a cold. It is a prevalent virus that affects people of all ages, but it is particularly dangerous for infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. RSV can cause symptoms such as cough, runny nose, sneezing, fever, and wheezing. While most cases of RSV resolve on their own with proper care and rest, severe cases may require medical intervention. It is important to take precautions to prevent the spread of RSV, especially among vulnerable populations.

Explanation

RSV, also known as Respiratory Syncytial Virus, is a common respiratory virus that typically leads to mild symptoms similar to a cold. It is a prevalent virus that affects people of all ages, but it is particularly dangerous for infants, older adults, and individuals with weakened immune systems. RSV can cause symptoms such as cough, runny nose, sneezing, fever, and wheezing. While most cases of RSV resolve on their own with proper care and rest, severe cases may require medical intervention. It is important to take precautions to prevent the spread of RSV, especially among vulnerable populations.

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25. The parent of a 2-year-old patient with bronchiolitis caused by a respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) asks the nurse why the child has been coughing so much. Which response by the nurse is accurate?

"The bacterial infection irritates the lining of the bronchial tubes and stimulates the cough reflex."

"The virus causes body fluids to move into the lungs, which the body tries to remove by coughing."

"The bacterial infection forces white blood cells to move into the lungs, which are removed by coughing."

With bronchiolitis caused by RSV, the virus attacks the epithelial cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The destruction of epithelial cells leads to the production of debris and mucus, which stimulates coughing. Bronchiolitis caused by RSV does not cause body fluid shifts. RSV is a virus, not a bacterial infection. Coughing with bronchiolitis caused by RSV is not caused by irritation of the bronchial tubes or an attempt to remove white blood cells from the lungs.

Explanation

With bronchiolitis caused by RSV, the virus attacks the epithelial cells of the upper and lower respiratory tract. The destruction of epithelial cells leads to the production of debris and mucus, which stimulates coughing. Bronchiolitis caused by RSV does not cause body fluid shifts. RSV is a virus, not a bacterial infection. Coughing with bronchiolitis caused by RSV is not caused by irritation of the bronchial tubes or an attempt to remove white blood cells from the lungs.

26. An 11-month-old patient is admitted to the intensive care unit for treatment of severe bronchiolitis and concurrent pneumonia. Which medication should the nurse anticipate will most likely be prescribed for this patient?

Epinephrine

Bronchodilator

Antibiotic

Corticosteroid

The nurse should anticipate that an antibiotic will most likely be prescribed for this patient because the patient has severe bronchiolitis and concurrent pneumonia. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections, and pneumonia is often caused by bacteria. Bronchiolitis, on the other hand, is usually caused by a viral infection, but the presence of concurrent pneumonia increases the likelihood of a bacterial infection. Therefore, an antibiotic would be the most appropriate medication to address both conditions. Epinephrine and bronchodilators are typically used to treat bronchospasms and are not the first-line treatment for pneumonia. Corticosteroids may be used in some cases, but antibiotics are the primary treatment for bacterial infections.

Explanation

The nurse should anticipate that an antibiotic will most likely be prescribed for this patient because the patient has severe bronchiolitis and concurrent pneumonia. Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat bacterial infections, and pneumonia is often caused by bacteria. Bronchiolitis, on the other hand, is usually caused by a viral infection, but the presence of concurrent pneumonia increases the likelihood of a bacterial infection. Therefore, an antibiotic would be the most appropriate medication to address both conditions. Epinephrine and bronchodilators are typically used to treat bronchospasms and are not the first-line treatment for pneumonia. Corticosteroids may be used in some cases, but antibiotics are the primary treatment for bacterial infections.

27. A child has a chronic, nonproductive cough and diffuse wheezing during the expiratory phase of respiration. This suggests

Asthma

Pneumonia

Bronchiolitis

Foreign body in trachea

Children with asthma usually have these chronic symptoms

Explanation

Children with asthma usually have these chronic symptoms

28. The nurse auscultating breath sounds of an infant with respiratory syncytial virus would immediately report the assessment of:

Respiration rate decrease from 40 to 32 breaths/min.

Heart rate decrease from 110 to 100 beats/min.

"quiet chest" from previous assessment of wheezing.

Oxygen saturation of 90%

A "quiet chest" after assessment of wheezing indicates occlusion of air pathways and impending respiratory arrest. All other options are within normal range for infants undergoing oxygen administration.

Explanation

A "quiet chest" after assessment of wheezing indicates occlusion of air pathways and impending respiratory arrest. All other options are within normal range for infants undergoing oxygen administration.

29. ______________________ lower respiratory tract illness causing inflammation and obstruction of bronchioles.

Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract illness that causes inflammation and obstruction of the bronchioles. This condition commonly affects infants and young children, causing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. It is usually caused by a viral infection, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis can be a serious condition, especially in infants with underlying health issues or weakened immune systems. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as ensuring hydration, providing oxygen therapy, and using medications to alleviate symptoms.

Explanation

Bronchiolitis is a lower respiratory tract illness that causes inflammation and obstruction of the bronchioles. This condition commonly affects infants and young children, causing symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. It is usually caused by a viral infection, most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Bronchiolitis can be a serious condition, especially in infants with underlying health issues or weakened immune systems. Treatment typically involves supportive care, such as ensuring hydration, providing oxygen therapy, and using medications to alleviate symptoms.

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30. Which method is correct for measuring a client's respiratory rate?

Measure the respiratory rate for 15 seconds and multiply by 4.

Measure the respiratory rate for 1 minute.

Measure the respiratory rate for 6 seconds and multiply by 10.

Measure the respiratory rate for 30 seconds and multiply by 2.

The correct method for measuring a client's respiratory rate is to measure it for 1 minute. This allows for a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of the client's breathing pattern and rate. Measuring for a shorter duration and then multiplying by a factor may not capture any fluctuations or abnormalities in the respiratory rate that could be important for diagnosis or monitoring.

Explanation

The correct method for measuring a client's respiratory rate is to measure it for 1 minute. This allows for a more accurate and comprehensive assessment of the client's breathing pattern and rate. Measuring for a shorter duration and then multiplying by a factor may not capture any fluctuations or abnormalities in the respiratory rate that could be important for diagnosis or monitoring.

31. Which intervention is appropriate for the infant hospitalized with bronchiolitis?

Position on the side with neck slightly flexed.

Administer antibiotics as ordered.

Restrict oral and parenteral fluids if tachypneic.

Give cool, humidified oxygen.

Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia, and insensible
fluid loss from tachypnea.

Explanation

Cool, humidified oxygen is given to relieve dyspnea, hypoxemia, and insensible
fluid loss from tachypnea.

32. RSV can survive on hard surfaces for how long?

Several hours

4 hours

24 hours

10 days

RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, can survive on hard surfaces for several hours. This means that the virus can remain active and potentially infectious for a significant amount of time after being deposited on a surface. It is important to regularly clean and disinfect commonly touched surfaces to reduce the risk of transmission.

Explanation

RSV, or respiratory syncytial virus, can survive on hard surfaces for several hours. This means that the virus can remain active and potentially infectious for a significant amount of time after being deposited on a surface. It is important to regularly clean and disinfect commonly touched surfaces to reduce the risk of transmission.

33. Number one goal for rsv is to ___________ it.

Frequent hand cleansing with soap and water Avoid sharing food, cups, utensils with infected individuals

Explanation

Frequent hand cleansing with soap and water Avoid sharing food, cups, utensils with infected individuals

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34. A 6-year-old patient is diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Which assessment should the nurse prioritize for this patient?

Observe for signs of obstruction.

Monitor closely for lengthening of paroxysms.

Observe for labored respirations.

Assess for seizures

The nurse should prioritize observing for labored respirations in a 6-year-old patient diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Labored respirations are a common symptom of bronchiolitis, which is characterized by inflammation and congestion of the bronchioles. Labored respirations can indicate increased respiratory effort and potential respiratory distress in the patient. Monitoring for signs of obstruction, lengthening of paroxysms, and assessing for seizures are also important assessments, but observing for labored respirations takes priority in this case.

Explanation

The nurse should prioritize observing for labored respirations in a 6-year-old patient diagnosed with bronchiolitis. Labored respirations are a common symptom of bronchiolitis, which is characterized by inflammation and congestion of the bronchioles. Labored respirations can indicate increased respiratory effort and potential respiratory distress in the patient. Monitoring for signs of obstruction, lengthening of paroxysms, and assessing for seizures are also important assessments, but observing for labored respirations takes priority in this case.

35. An infant with bronchiolitis is hospitalized. The causative organism is respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). The nurse knows that a child infected with this virus requires the following isolation:

Reverse isolation.

Airborne isolation.

Contact Precautions.

Standard Precautions

RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard Precautions and hand washing, Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers must use gloves and gowns when entering the room. Care is taken not to touch their own eyes or mucous membranes with a contaminated gloved hand. Children are placed in a private room or in a room with other children with RSV infections. Reverse isolation focuses on keeping bacteria away from the infant. With RSV, other children need to be protected from exposure to the virus. The virus is not airborne.

Explanation

RSV is transmitted through droplets. In addition to Standard Precautions and hand washing, Contact Precautions are required. Caregivers must use gloves and gowns when entering the room. Care is taken not to touch their own eyes or mucous membranes with a contaminated gloved hand. Children are placed in a private room or in a room with other children with RSV infections. Reverse isolation focuses on keeping bacteria away from the infant. With RSV, other children need to be protected from exposure to the virus. The virus is not airborne.

36. Serious signs, symptoms of RSV

Increased irritability

Rhinorrhea

Excessive coughing

Wheezing

The given signs and symptoms of RSV include increased irritability, excessive coughing, and wheezing. Increased irritability can be a result of the discomfort caused by the infection. Excessive coughing is a common symptom of respiratory infections, including RSV. Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound that occurs when air flows through narrowed airways, which can be a sign of RSV-induced inflammation and mucus buildup in the respiratory tract. These symptoms collectively suggest the presence of RSV infection.

Explanation

The given signs and symptoms of RSV include increased irritability, excessive coughing, and wheezing. Increased irritability can be a result of the discomfort caused by the infection. Excessive coughing is a common symptom of respiratory infections, including RSV. Wheezing is a high-pitched whistling sound that occurs when air flows through narrowed airways, which can be a sign of RSV-induced inflammation and mucus buildup in the respiratory tract. These symptoms collectively suggest the presence of RSV infection.

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37. _________________ a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or area.

Atelectasis refers to a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or a specific area. This condition occurs when the tiny air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, deflate and prevent the lung from fully expanding. Atelectasis can be caused by various factors, such as blockage of the airways, lung infections, or pressure on the lungs. It can lead to symptoms like shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain. Treatment for atelectasis involves addressing the underlying cause and may include measures to re-inflate the collapsed lung, such as deep breathing exercises or using a device called a spirometer.

Explanation

Atelectasis refers to a complete or partial collapse of the entire lung or a specific area. This condition occurs when the tiny air sacs in the lungs, called alveoli, deflate and prevent the lung from fully expanding. Atelectasis can be caused by various factors, such as blockage of the airways, lung infections, or pressure on the lungs. It can lead to symptoms like shortness of breath, coughing, and chest pain. Treatment for atelectasis involves addressing the underlying cause and may include measures to re-inflate the collapsed lung, such as deep breathing exercises or using a device called a spirometer.

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38. Call emergency medical services (EMS) for transport for these symptoms

Marked retractions of ribcage

Nasal flaring

Rapid respiratory rate

Blue skin

Low-grade fever

These symptoms indicate severe respiratory distress, which requires immediate medical attention. Marked retractions of the ribcage and nasal flaring are signs of increased effort to breathe. Rapid respiratory rate suggests that the person is breathing faster than normal. Blue skin indicates a lack of oxygen in the body, known as cyanosis. A low-grade fever may also be present. These symptoms together indicate a serious respiratory problem that requires urgent medical intervention, hence calling emergency medical services (EMS) for transport is necessary.

Explanation

These symptoms indicate severe respiratory distress, which requires immediate medical attention. Marked retractions of the ribcage and nasal flaring are signs of increased effort to breathe. Rapid respiratory rate suggests that the person is breathing faster than normal. Blue skin indicates a lack of oxygen in the body, known as cyanosis. A low-grade fever may also be present. These symptoms together indicate a serious respiratory problem that requires urgent medical intervention, hence calling emergency medical services (EMS) for transport is necessary.

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39. A school-age child had an upper respiratory tract infection for several days and then began having a persistent dry, hacking cough that was worse at night. The cough has become productive in the past 24 hours. This is most suggestive of

Bronchitis

Bronchiolitis

Viral-induced asthma

Acute spasmodic laryngitis

A Bronchitis is characterized by these symptoms and occurs in children older than 6 years.

Explanation

A Bronchitis is characterized by these symptoms and occurs in children older than 6 years.

40. Which clinical manifestation should the nurse expect to observe in the client with asthma?

Retractions

Dyspnea

Wheezing

Bradycardia

Cough

The nurse should expect to observe retractions, dyspnea, wheezing, and cough in a client with asthma. Retractions refer to the visible sinking of the skin between the ribs and in the neck area during breathing, indicating increased effort to breathe. Dyspnea is difficulty in breathing, a common symptom of asthma due to narrowed airways. Wheezing is a characteristic high-pitched whistling sound that occurs during breathing, caused by the narrowing of the airways. Coughing is also a common symptom of asthma, as the airways become irritated and inflamed. Bradycardia, a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with asthma.

Explanation

The nurse should expect to observe retractions, dyspnea, wheezing, and cough in a client with asthma. Retractions refer to the visible sinking of the skin between the ribs and in the neck area during breathing, indicating increased effort to breathe. Dyspnea is difficulty in breathing, a common symptom of asthma due to narrowed airways. Wheezing is a characteristic high-pitched whistling sound that occurs during breathing, caused by the narrowing of the airways. Coughing is also a common symptom of asthma, as the airways become irritated and inflamed. Bradycardia, a slow heart rate, is not typically associated with asthma.

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41. The nurse is assessing an 8-year-old client. Which anatomical difference should the nurse expect to find compared to an adult?

Small mouth with large tongue

Atrophy of the tonsils

Smaller nasopharynx

Soft tracheal cartilage

Larynx and glottis lower in the neck

In comparison to an adult, an 8-year-old client is expected to have a smaller mouth with a larger tongue, a smaller nasopharynx, and soft tracheal cartilage. These anatomical differences are characteristic of a child's physical development at this age. The atrophy of the tonsils and the lower positioning of the larynx and glottis in the neck are not expected anatomical differences in an 8-year-old client.

Explanation

In comparison to an adult, an 8-year-old client is expected to have a smaller mouth with a larger tongue, a smaller nasopharynx, and soft tracheal cartilage. These anatomical differences are characteristic of a child's physical development at this age. The atrophy of the tonsils and the lower positioning of the larynx and glottis in the neck are not expected anatomical differences in an 8-year-old client.

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42. The nurse is caring for an infant with bronchiolitis, and diagnostic tests have confirmed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). On the basis of this finding, which is the MOST APPROPRIATE nursing action?

Initiate strict enteric precautions.

Move the infant to a room with another child with RSV.

Leave the infant in the present room because RSV is not contagious.

Inform the staff that they must wear a mask, gloves, and a gown when caring for the child.

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Explanation

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43. An infant patient with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is ordered delivery of nutrition via an intravenous (IV) line. The infant's parent asks why IV nutrition is being ordered. Which response by the nurse is correct?

Your child is vomiting and cannot tolerate oral feedings."

Rapid breathing indicates the need for IV nutrition."

"Fluid in the lungs indicates the need for IV nutrition."

"IV nutrition is typical protocol for this type of infection."

Rapid breathing indicates the need for IV nutrition because it suggests that the infant is having difficulty breathing and may not be able to tolerate oral feedings. IV nutrition ensures that the infant receives the necessary nutrients and fluids to support their growth and development while their respiratory symptoms are being managed.

Explanation

Rapid breathing indicates the need for IV nutrition because it suggests that the infant is having difficulty breathing and may not be able to tolerate oral feedings. IV nutrition ensures that the infant receives the necessary nutrients and fluids to support their growth and development while their respiratory symptoms are being managed.

44. Palivizumab

Infants at high risk for serious RSV infections

Not effective in treatment of acute RSV infection

Not recommended for use in general prevention of healthcare-associatedRSV infection

For well immuned children

Palivizumab is a medication that is effective in preventing serious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in infants who are at high risk. However, it is not effective in treating an acute RSV infection once it has already occurred. Additionally, it is not recommended for use in the general prevention of healthcare-associated RSV infections or for well-immunized children.

Explanation

Palivizumab is a medication that is effective in preventing serious respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infections in infants who are at high risk. However, it is not effective in treating an acute RSV infection once it has already occurred. Additionally, it is not recommended for use in the general prevention of healthcare-associated RSV infections or for well-immunized children.

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45. Match the following few medications for RSV/bronchiolitis

Bronchodilators

Nebulized epinephrine

Corticosteroids

Antibacterial medications

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