Certified Network Defender Certification Test! Trivia Questions Quiz

John is thinking of implementing a Circuit level gateway firewall service. This type of firewall operates at the session layer of the OSI model and has the ability to hide the private network information. It works by creating a circuit between the internal and external networks, allowing only authorized connections to pass through. It does not inspect the content of the packets like an Application level gateway or Stateful Multilayer Inspection firewall, but instead focuses on controlling the flow of traffic based on the session information. Packet Filtering firewall, on the other hand, operates at the network layer and does not provide the ability to hide private network information.

Network sniffing is a technique used to capture and analyze network traffic. By intercepting and inspecting data packets, an attacker can gain access to sensitive information transmitted over the network. Telnet passwords, syslog traffic, and DNS traffic can all be obtained through network sniffing. Telnet passwords can be captured if they are transmitted in plain text, while syslog traffic and DNS traffic can reveal information about network activity and communication. Programming errors, however, cannot be directly gained through network sniffing as they are typically related to software development and not network traffic.

Unstructured threats refer to threats posed by unskilled individuals who may not have specific knowledge or expertise in hacking or attacking computer networks. These individuals may engage in activities that can unintentionally or unknowingly compromise the security of a network, such as clicking on malicious links or downloading infected files. Therefore, if a network is at risk from unskilled individuals, it can be categorized as an unstructured threat.

Alex will use the command "netstat -an" to check all the remote addresses and ports in numerical form. The "netstat" command is used to display active network connections, routing tables, and a variety of network interface statistics. The "-an" option specifically displays all active connections and listening ports in numerical form, without resolving hostnames or port names. This command will provide Alex with a comprehensive view of the network's remote addresses and ports.

Having a web server in the internal network can be a possible threat to network security because it increases the risk of unauthorized access and potential attacks from both internal and external sources. If the web server is not properly secured, it can be exploited by hackers to gain access to sensitive information, inject malicious code, or launch other types of attacks. Therefore, it is important to implement strong security measures and regularly update and patch the web server to mitigate these risks.

Steven should enable Network Address Translation (NAT) on the firewall to ensure that the IP addresses used within the company are private addresses and not accessible directly from public Internet devices. NAT allows the firewall to translate the public IP addresses of the workstations to private IP addresses when communicating with the Internet, providing an additional layer of security by hiding the internal network structure from external sources.

The correct answer is "Router(Config-if) # IP route – cache flow". This command is used to enable NetFlow on a specific interface in a Cisco router. By enabling NetFlow, John will be able to collect and monitor the IP network traffic passing through that interface.

RAID 3 is the appropriate RAID level that Nancy will suggest. RAID 3 uses parity check to store information about the data in multiple drives, helping in data reconstruction during downtime. It also offers good data processing speed. Additionally, RAID 3 is cost-effective as it requires only one dedicated drive for storing parity information.

A rainbow table is a type of password cracking attempt that involves precomputed hash values stored as plaintext. These precomputed tables contain a large number of possible passwords and their corresponding hash values. By using these tables, an attacker can quickly look up the hash value of a stolen password and find the corresponding plaintext password, thus cracking the password. This method is much faster than brute force or dictionary attacks, making it an efficient way to crack passwords.

DSSS stands for Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum. It is a spread spectrum technique that multiplies the original data signal with a pseudo random noise spreading code. This spreading code spreads the signal over a larger bandwidth, making it more resistant to interference and jamming. DSSS is commonly used in wireless communication systems, such as Wi-Fi and Bluetooth, to improve signal quality and security.

Sam is implementing a signature-based IDS. This type of IDS works by comparing network traffic patterns against a database of known attack signatures. It identifies malicious activity by matching the patterns of network packets with the signatures in its database. This approach is effective in detecting well-known attacks, but it may struggle with new or unknown threats.

The team should add installing antivirus software as a countermeasure to deal with future malware incidents. Antivirus software can help detect and remove malware from the network, providing an additional layer of protection against potential threats. By regularly updating and scanning the network with antivirus software, the team can minimize the risk of future malware incidents.

The IDS sensor should be placed at Location 2 because it allows for monitoring and inspecting large amounts of traffic. Placing the sensor at this location would help detect unauthorized attempts from inside the organization, as desired by the administrator.

The first step the team should take to create the network vulnerability assessment plan is to acquire the necessary documents, review security policies, and ensure compliance. This step is crucial as it lays the foundation for the assessment by providing the team with the necessary information and guidelines to identify vulnerabilities in the network. Analyzing gathered data, making hypotheses, or creating an executive report can only be done effectively after acquiring the required documents and understanding the existing security measures in place.

John is considering RAID level 50 to meet the requirement of high fault tolerance and high speed for data read and write operations. RAID level 50 combines the features of RAID level 0 and RAID level 5. It requires a minimum of six drives and provides both striping and parity for data protection. This combination offers a high level of fault tolerance and improved performance for data access.

David suggests the COBIT framework because it provides a set of controls over IT and consolidates them to form a framework. COBIT (Control Objectives for Information and Related Technologies) is a widely recognized framework that helps organizations align their IT goals with their business goals. It provides a comprehensive set of best practices and guidelines for managing and governing IT processes, ensuring that they support the overall objectives of the company. COBIT helps organizations achieve effective IT governance, risk management, and compliance, making it an ideal choice for aligning IT goals to business goals in a mid-sized IT company.

Using SSID cloaking is a best practice for wireless network security. SSID cloaking hides the network's name (SSID) from being broadcasted, making it more difficult for unauthorized users to detect and connect to the network. This adds an extra layer of protection to the wireless network by making it less visible to potential attackers.

RAID level 5 requires a minimum of three drives to be set up. In RAID 5, data is striped across multiple drives with parity information distributed across all drives. This provides fault tolerance as if one drive fails, the data can be reconstructed using the parity information on the remaining drives. Therefore, at least three drives are needed to ensure redundancy and data protection in RAID level 5.

The RAID level that splits data into blocks and evenly writes the data to multiple hard drives without providing data redundancy is RAID 0. RAID 0 requires a minimum of two drives in order to set up.

Reducing the sessions time-out duration for the connection attempts can help prevent denial-of-service attacks by limiting the amount of time an attacker has to establish and maintain a connection. By setting a shorter time-out duration, any connection attempts that exceed this time limit will be terminated, preventing the attacker from tying up system resources and potentially causing a denial-of-service. This control measure adds an additional layer of protection to the organization's network infrastructure.

In the tunnel mode implementation of a VPN, the traffic is encapsulated twice as it passes through the gateway. Both the header and payload are encapsulated, providing an additional layer of security for the communication between the branch office and head office. This mode is commonly used in site-to-site VPN architectures to ensure the confidentiality and integrity of the data being transmitted.

The risk factor for an organization is calculated by multiplying certain parameters together. These parameters include vulnerability, impact, and threat. By considering the vulnerability of the organization's systems, the potential impact of a security breach, and the likelihood of an attack or threat occurring, management can determine the overall risk factor.

The correct hierarchy for a security policy implementation is Laws, Regulations, Policies, Standards, and Procedures. This order ensures that the security policies are aligned with the legal requirements and regulations imposed by governing bodies. Policies are then developed based on these laws and regulations, followed by the establishment of standards to provide guidelines for implementation. Finally, procedures are created to outline the specific steps and actions needed to enforce the policies and standards effectively.

As a first responder, your first reaction should be to avoid fear, uncertainty, and doubt. This means staying calm and composed in order to effectively handle the situation. By avoiding fear, uncertainty, and doubt, you can maintain a clear mindset and make rational decisions. This will help you respond to the DoS incident in a focused and efficient manner, rather than getting overwhelmed or making hasty decisions. Communication, making an initial assessment, and disabling virus protection may be important steps to take, but they should be done after avoiding fear, uncertainty, and doubt.

Kelly is using an incremental backup. This type of backup only includes files that have been created or modified since the last backup. It does not include all files in the organization's data, like a full backup would. Incremental backups are efficient because they only backup changes made since the previous backup, reducing the time and storage required for the backup process.

The last step that Malone should list in his incident handling plan is a follow-up. This step is important to ensure that the incident has been fully resolved and to evaluate the effectiveness of the incident response process. A follow-up may involve conducting a post-incident review, documenting lessons learned, updating procedures, and communicating with relevant stakeholders.

In a ring network topology, each computer acts as a repeater and the data passes from one computer to the other in a single direction until it reaches the destination. In this topology, the computers are connected in a circular manner, forming a ring. Each computer receives the data, processes it, and then passes it along to the next computer until it reaches the intended recipient. This ensures that the data flows consistently in one direction, making it an efficient and reliable network topology for certain applications.

The risk should be categorized as "Extreme" in the risk matrix because the probability of an incident that could impact 80% of the bank's business is very high. This indicates a significant potential impact on the bank's operations and suggests that immediate action should be taken to mitigate the risk.

Alex will use the command "netstat -an" to check the ports applications open. The "netstat" command is used to display active network connections, listening ports, and routing tables. The "-a" option shows all active connections and listening ports, while the "-n" option displays the addresses and port numbers in numerical form. Therefore, "netstat -an" will provide Alex with a comprehensive list of all open ports and their associated applications in the organization's network.

NAS (Network Attached Storage) is the best storage technology for Tom's requirements. NAS provides centralized data storage, allowing multiple users to access and share files over a network. It also offers free data backup on the server, ensuring data security. Additionally, NAS allows for efficient data backup and recovery, making it a suitable choice for Tom's needs as a network administrator in a multinational organization with branches across different regions.

The star network topology will help the administrator solve the problem of needing to add new employees and expand. In a star topology, each employee is connected to a central hub or switch, allowing for easy scalability and the addition of new employees without disrupting the existing network. This topology also provides better performance and fault tolerance, as any issues with one connection will not affect the entire network.

The last step that Malone should list in his incident handling plan is a follow-up. After the incident has been contained, eradicated, and the system has been recovered, it is important to conduct a follow-up to evaluate the effectiveness of the incident response process and identify any areas for improvement. This step ensures that lessons learned from the incident are documented and can be used to enhance future incident handling procedures.

The network administrator will consider capability, extensibility, and reliability when deciding on the appropriate backup medium for the organization's needs. Capability refers to the ability of the backup medium to effectively store and restore data. Extensibility refers to the scalability of the backup medium, allowing it to accommodate future growth and increasing data storage requirements. Reliability is crucial as it ensures that the backup medium can consistently and accurately backup and restore data without errors or failures.

The correct answer is CBC-MAC. CBC-MAC (Cipher Block Chaining Message Authentication Code) is an integrity check mechanism used in WPA2 encryption. It provides security against replay attacks by ensuring that the data has not been modified during transmission. CBC-MAC uses a symmetric encryption algorithm to generate a fixed-size authentication tag which is appended to the message. This tag is then used to verify the integrity of the message upon receipt. CRC-32, CRC-MAC, and CBC-32 are not integrity check mechanisms used in WPA2 encryption.

Cindy is performing a half-open scan to identify live hosts on her network. In this type of scan, she sends out SYN packets to a range of IP addresses and waits for a SYN/ACK response from the hosts. Instead of completing the connection, she sends RST packets to terminate the session. By doing this, she can observe how her intrusion detection system logs the traffic and identify any potential vulnerabilities or suspicious activity on her network.

Management will decide to implement ISO/IEC 27005 because it is the ISO standard specifically focused on information security risk management. ISO/IEC 27004 is a standard for information security management measurement, ISO/IEC 27002 is a standard for information security controls, and ISO/IEC 27006 is a standard for the certification of information security management systems.

The attacker is using the Dictionary password cracking technique. This technique involves using a file containing a list of commonly used passwords, also known as a dictionary, to attempt to crack passwords. The attacker uploads this file into a cracking application that runs against the user accounts, systematically trying each password in the dictionary until a match is found. This technique is often successful because many users choose weak passwords that are easily found in a dictionary.

James is analyzing an ARP sweep attack. An ARP sweep is a type of network reconnaissance attack where an attacker sends a large number of ARP requests to map out the IP addresses and MAC addresses of devices on a network. By inspecting the volume of traffic containing ARP requests and the source IP addresses, James can identify if there is an ARP sweep attack happening on his organization's network.

In this scenario, Will sets up a pair of RAID disks where all the data written to one disk is automatically copied to the other disk. This configuration is known as RAID 1, also known as disk mirroring. RAID 1 provides redundancy by maintaining an additional copy of the data on a separate disk, ensuring data availability in case of disk failure.

To effectively correlate all incidents that pass through the firewalls and IDS systems, Rick should use Network Time Protocol (NTP). NTP is a protocol used to synchronize the clocks of network devices, ensuring accurate timekeeping. By synchronizing the clocks on all the security controls, Rick can accurately correlate the incidents based on the timestamps. This will help him identify patterns, detect any coordinated attacks, and analyze the sequence of events across the network. Using NTP will provide a consistent and reliable time reference for incident correlation.

The Encrypted File System (EFS) is a built-in Windows feature that provides encryption for individual files and folders on a Windows operating system. By implementing EFS on the stolen laptops, the sensitive information stored on them would have been protected. EFS uses symmetric key encryption, which means that the data can only be accessed with the correct encryption key. This would have prevented unauthorized access to the proprietary company information even if the laptops were stolen.

Remediation is the phase of vulnerability management that deals with the actions taken to correct the discovered vulnerability. This phase involves implementing patches, fixes, or other measures to address the vulnerability and reduce the associated risk. It is an essential step in the vulnerability management process to ensure the security and integrity of systems and networks.

The correct answer is "tcp.dstport==7 and udp.dstport==7" because this filter will check for network traffic where the destination port for both TCP and UDP packets is 7. This is significant because port 7 is commonly used for the Echo protocol, which is often used in ping sweeps to check for the availability of hosts on a network. By filtering for this specific combination of TCP and UDP packets with a destination port of 7, Mark will be able to detect any TCP and UDP ping sweeps on his network.

A NIDS (Network Intrusion Detection System) device would work best for the company. This device monitors network traffic and detects any malicious or questionable activity. It does not drop or block the traffic, but instead sends notifications to the IT employees when such activity is found. This aligns with the company's requirement of only wanting notification without dropping traffic completely. A NIDS device would allow the company to proactively identify and respond to potential security threats on their network.

The best solution for Lyle would be a NIPS (Network Intrusion Prevention System) implementation. This type of solution can effectively prevent external attacks on the network by dropping malicious packets. It is easy to implement and can provide network-wide security. Given Lyle's concerns and requirements, a NIPS implementation would be the most suitable choice for him.

Jacob needs to use ESP in tunnel mode to encrypt the IP traffic. Tunnel mode encapsulates the entire IP packet within a new IP packet, adding an additional IP header to protect the original packet. This mode is commonly used to establish secure communication between two networks or to create virtual private networks (VPNs) where the original IP packet is protected and hidden from potential attackers.

The Acceptable Use Policy (AUP) is a set of rules and guidelines that define the acceptable and appropriate use of company resources, systems, and networks by employees. It outlines the responsibilities and expectations for employees regarding the use of technology and information assets. Since the AUP is specific to the company's systems and networks, it falls under the category of System Specific Security Policy (SSSP). This policy focuses on the security measures and guidelines for a particular system or network within an organization.

James will use the filter "icmp.type==8 or icmp.type==0" to check and analyze the traffic against a PING sweep attack. This filter will capture ICMP Echo Request (Type 8) and ICMP Echo Reply (Type 0) packets, which are commonly used in PING sweep attacks. By analyzing these packets, James can identify any suspicious or abnormal PING sweep activity on his network.

Dan will use his digital signature to sign his mails while Alex will use Dan's public key to verify the authenticity of the mails. This ensures the authenticity of the emails because the digital signature is unique to Dan and can only be generated using his private key. By using Dan's public key, Alex can verify that the email was indeed signed by Dan and has not been tampered with during transmission.

John is scanning the application to verify if the vulnerability has been successfully remediated. This process is called verification. During the verification process, John needs to adhere to the security policies in place to ensure that the application is secure and no vulnerabilities are present.

A Key Risk Indicator is a measure that helps assess the level of risk associated with an activity or situation. It provides a way to identify and monitor potential risks within an organization. By not having a Key Risk Indicator identified, the organization is unable to effectively measure and evaluate the level of risk involved in its activities. This can lead to a lack of awareness and preparedness for potential risks, making it difficult to implement appropriate risk management strategies.

A packet filtering firewall works on the IP layer. The IP layer is responsible for addressing and routing packets across different networks. By filtering packets based on their IP addresses, a packet filtering firewall can control the flow of traffic in and out of a network, allowing or blocking specific packets based on predefined rules. This helps in protecting the network from unauthorized access and potential threats.

Ross implemented discretionary access control. Discretionary access control allows individual users to set their own access control measures for their files and folders. In this case, Ross configured the access control measures in a way that allows the employees to have control over their own files and folders.

Kyle has purchased a Standby UPS. This type of UPS uses a pair of inverters and converters to charge the battery and provide power when needed. It is designed to provide backup power in case of a power outage and ensure that the servers do not go down or are without power for too long.

Hub-and-Spoke is the correct answer because it refers to a VPN topology where all branch offices are connected to the main office through a central location, known as the hub. The hub acts as a central point of connection for all branch offices, allowing them to communicate with each other and the main office. This topology is commonly used when there is a need for a persistent connection between the main office and branch offices, which can be established using a third-party network or the Internet.

Daniel is adopting a reactive network security approach by monitoring network traffic with the help of a network monitoring tool to detect any abnormalities. This means that he is not taking proactive measures to prevent security incidents, but rather responding to them after they occur.

Brendan will select SRAM for his RAID system. SRAM stands for Static Random Access Memory, which is a type of RAM that retains data as long as power is supplied to the system. It provides faster access times compared to other types of RAM, such as SDRAM or NVRAM. With access times of up to 20 ns, SRAM is a suitable choice for a hardware-based RAID system, as it allows for quick and efficient data retrieval and storage. NAND flash memory and NVRAM are not as suitable for this purpose, as they have slower access times.

Fred's boss wants to implement a HIDS (Host-based Intrusion Detection System) solution. This solution will gather information on all network traffic to and from the local computers without actually affecting the traffic. HIDS is a security measure that monitors and analyzes the activities on individual computers to detect any unauthorized access or malicious behavior. It helps to compensate for the risks of making users local administrators by providing an additional layer of security and detecting any potential threats or intrusions.

John will use the Wireshark filters "tcp.flags==0x2b", "tcp.flags=0x00", and "tcp.options.mss_val

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Automated Field Correlation is an event correlation approach that systematically and intentionally checks and compares all the fields for positive and negative correlation with each other. It analyzes the correlation across one or multiple fields to determine the relationship between them. This approach uses automated algorithms and techniques to identify and understand the correlations, making it a comprehensive and efficient method for event correlation.

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Alex is suggesting that James use a differential backup because it requires less storage space and is faster than a full backup. By using a differential backup, James will only need to back up the data that has changed since the last full backup, resulting in less data being stored and faster backup times compared to a full backup. This can be a more efficient and cost-effective approach for managing backups.

After successfully completing the vulnerability scanning process and identifying serious vulnerabilities in the organization's network, Harry will proceed with the vulnerability management phases to address and eradicate the detected vulnerabilities. The first phase is mitigation, which involves taking immediate actions to reduce the impact of the vulnerabilities. The next phase is verification, where Harry will verify if the mitigation measures have been effective in reducing the vulnerabilities. Finally, the remediation phase will be carried out to fix the vulnerabilities completely and ensure they are eradicated from the network.

The Certificate Management system is responsible for verifying the certificate authority in digital certificates. This system ensures that the certificate authority is trustworthy and meets the necessary security standards. It manages the entire lifecycle of digital certificates, including issuing, revoking, and renewing certificates. The Certificate Management system plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and authenticity of digital certificates.

A registration authority acts as a verifier for the certificate authority by verifying the identity of individuals or entities requesting digital certificates. It ensures that the information provided by the certificate applicant is accurate and valid before the certificate authority issues the certificate. The registration authority plays a crucial role in maintaining the integrity and trustworthiness of the certificate authority's certification process.

A fence is a physical security measure that can be used to prevent unauthorized access to restricted zones. It creates a physical barrier that makes it difficult for people to enter the area without proper credentials. By installing a fence, the organization can control and monitor who enters and exits the restricted zones, enhancing the overall physical security of the organization.

A VPN Concentrator is a device that not only acts as a bidirectional tunnel endpoint among host machines but also performs other functions. It assigns user addresses, allowing users to have unique identifiers within the VPN network. It enables input/output (I/O) operations, facilitating the transfer of data between the host machines and the VPN network. Additionally, it manages security keys, ensuring secure communication and authentication between the host machines and the VPN network.

Chris is calculating the Key Risk Indicator (KRI) for his organization because it helps him identify adverse events and notifies him when risks have reached threshold levels. This allows Chris to assess the organization's overall risk and take appropriate actions to mitigate potential risks and prevent adverse events from occurring. Additionally, by calculating the KRI, Chris can have a backward view of past incidents and facilitate post-incident management, which further enhances the organization's risk management capabilities.

The last step in the incident response methodology should be recovery because after the incident has been contained, eradicated, and the necessary actions have been taken, the focus should be on restoring normal operations and recovering any data or systems that were affected by the incident. Recovery is the final step in the incident response process before the incident is considered resolved.