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Assumption of similarities
Language differences
Nonverbal misinterpretation
Preconceptions and stereotypes
Tendency to evaluate
High anxiety
Listen to the literal meaning of the sentence
Study language in their free time
Bring a dictionary with them wherever they go
Consider multiple meanings of a word or phrase in a new language based on connotation or context
Japanese people are better at intercultural communication.
Expecting no similarities means a person will work hard to figure out a foreign stranger but does not expect foreigners to be able to understand them.
Reactions and interpretations can be adjusted to fit "what's happening" rather than simply what is assumed about a culture.
According to the article, Japanese people will travel less.
Smiling always means you are a sexual maniac or an impolite person.
You shouldn't smile when you travel or meet foreigners.
Smiling and other simple gestures can be interpreted differently in different cultures.
Smiling always means you are superficial and fake.
Assumption of similarities
Language differences
Nonverbal misinterpretations
Preconceptions and stereotypes
Tendency to evaluate
High anxiety
Stereotypes are always right and, therefore, help people understand how they should act in a certain culture.
Stereotypes help us accurately understand how other people will think and behave before meeting them.
Stereotypes lay out a predicable world that makes sense to the observer.
Stereotypes help us objectively view stimuli when surrounded by or attempting to interpret another culture.
Assumption of similarities
Language differences
Nonverbal misinterpretations
Preconceptions and stereotypes
Tendency to evaluate
High anxiety
Food
Clothes
Emotions
Favorite music styles
Culture shock
Irritable bowel syndrome
Physiological makeup
Defense arousal
Practice body awareness so changes that signify a stress reaction can be identified and counteracted.
Eat foreign foods often so that you are accustomed to their taste.
Seek out stressful situations so you're simply used to being stressed all the time.
Find opportunities to become familiar with many types of people so that differences become normal and interesting instead of threatening.
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