Unit 6 Test - Weathering, Erosion & Deposition/Topo Maps/Ocean Floor

Deposition refers to the process where sediments, such as sand, silt, and clay, are deposited or laid down in a new location. In the given scenario, sediment settling at the bottom of the ocean is a clear example of deposition. As the sediments are transported by water currents, they eventually settle and accumulate on the ocean floor. This process is essential in shaping the Earth's surface and forming various landforms, such as beaches, deltas, and sedimentary rocks.

Contour lines that are closer together represent a steeper slope. This is because contour lines indicate points of equal elevation on a map. When the contour lines are closer together, it means that the change in elevation between those points is greater, indicating a steeper slope. Conversely, when contour lines are further apart, it suggests a more gradual hill or a flatter terrain. Therefore, the correct answer is "Steeper Slope."

Chemical weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks and minerals through chemical reactions, such as the dissolution of limestone by acidic rainwater. Mechanical weathering, on the other hand, involves the physical breakdown of rocks into smaller fragments without any chemical change. This can occur through processes like abrasion, where rocks are worn down by friction, or through the expansion and contraction of rocks due to temperature changes. Therefore, the correct answer is Chemical and Mechanical.

Deposition is the process by which sediment settles in a new location. This occurs when eroded particles, such as rocks, sand, or soil, are transported by wind, water, or ice and then come to rest in a different area. Deposition is a key part of the sedimentary cycle, as it contributes to the formation of sedimentary rocks over time.

Deposition is the process of depositing or laying down sediment or particles in a new location. In the context of a sand dune forming in the desert, deposition occurs when wind transports sand particles and then drops them in a certain area, causing the sand dune to gradually build up over time. This process is a result of the wind's ability to carry and then release the sand particles, leading to the formation of the sand dune.

A topographic map is a detailed representation of the Earth's surface, focusing on the elevation and shape of the terrain. It typically includes natural features like rivers and streams, as well as man-made structures such as railroads. However, parked cars are not a permanent or significant feature of the landscape and would not be included on a topographic map. They are subject to change and do not provide relevant information about the topography of an area.

Deposition is the process by which sediments, soil, or rocks are deposited or laid down in a new location. It occurs when the energy of a transporting medium, such as water or wind, decreases and can no longer carry the particles. As a result, the particles settle and accumulate, creating a delta. Deltas are landforms formed at the mouth of a river where sediment is deposited, typically in a fan-like shape. Therefore, deposition is the process that creates a delta.

The symbol represents a depression on a topographic map. A depression refers to a low-lying area or basin that is surrounded by higher elevations. This symbol is used to indicate the presence of a depression, such as a sinkhole or a crater, on the map. It helps to visualize the topography and understand the relative elevations of different features on the map.

Frost wedging occurs when water seeps into the cracks of rocks, freezes, and expands to break the rocks. As water freezes, it expands by about 9%, exerting pressure on the surrounding rock. This pressure causes the cracks in the rock to widen and eventually break apart. Frost wedging is a common process in areas with cold climates and can cause significant weathering and erosion of rocks over time.

Contour lines on a topographic map connect points of equal elevation. These lines represent the shape and elevation of the land, allowing users to visualize the various features and terrain of an area. By following the contour lines, one can determine the steepness of slopes, identify valleys and ridges, and understand the overall topography of the landscape. The contour interval, on the other hand, represents the vertical distance between each contour line. Hachure lines are used to indicate depressions or sinkholes on a map, while a compass is a navigational tool used for determining direction.

Erosion is the correct answer because it refers to the process by which water, ice, wind, or gravity move pieces of rock or soil. Erosion involves the transportation of sediment from one place to another, wearing away the Earth's surface over time. It is a natural process that shapes the Earth's landforms and can occur through various mechanisms such as water flowing in rivers, waves crashing on shorelines, wind blowing across deserts, or glaciers moving slowly over land.

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The contour interval is the vertical distance between contour lines on a topographic map. In this case, the correct answer is 1,000 ft. This means that each contour line on the map represents a change in elevation of 1,000 ft.

Weathering refers to the process of breaking down rocks and minerals on the Earth's surface. It can be caused by various factors, such as temperature changes, water, wind, and ice. In this case, the powerful ocean waves are continuously hitting the rocks, causing them to gradually break down and erode. This process is known as mechanical weathering, where the rocks are physically broken apart. Therefore, the correct answer is weathering.

Hydrolysis is one example of chemical weathering. It is a process where water reacts with minerals in rocks, causing them to break down and change composition. This reaction occurs when water molecules split into hydrogen and hydroxide ions, which then react with minerals, such as feldspar, to form new substances. Hydrolysis is particularly effective in breaking down silicate minerals, leading to the decomposition of rocks over time.

Erosion is the process by which soil, rocks, or other materials are carried away by water, wind, or ice. In the given scenario, rainwater is washing away the soil, indicating the movement and removal of soil particles from their original location. This aligns with the concept of erosion, making it the correct answer.

Saltwater is more dense because it contains a large amount of dissolved salt. The presence of salt increases the mass of the water, making it denser. This increased density causes saltwater to sink in fresh water and creates a stratification of water layers in oceans and other bodies of water.

The elevation difference between point X and Y is 360 m. This means that point Y is located 360 meters higher than point X.

Erosion is the correct answer because wind and water from a hurricane can cause the movement of sediment. Erosion refers to the process of wearing away and transporting materials such as soil, rocks, and sediment by natural forces like wind, water, or ice. In the case of a hurricane, the strong winds and heavy rainfall can lead to the displacement and transport of sediment, contributing to erosion.

Submerged volcanic mountains on the ocean floor are called seamounts. These are formed by volcanic activity and can rise several thousand meters above the seafloor. Seamounts are usually isolated and can be found in all the world's oceans. They provide habitats for a diverse range of marine species and can also have an impact on ocean currents and nutrient distribution.

The Mid Ocean Ridge is the longest mountain range in the world. It stretches for over 40,000 miles and runs through the Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, and Pacific Ocean. The ridge is formed by divergent plate boundaries, where tectonic plates are moving apart, causing magma to rise and create new oceanic crust. This continuous process over millions of years has resulted in the formation of the longest mountain range on Earth. Mt. Everest is the tallest mountain in the world, but it is not part of the Mid Ocean Ridge. The Appalachian Mountains are a major mountain range in eastern North America, but they are not the longest in the world.