Functions Of The Skeletal System Quiz Questions

The scapula is not part of the bones of the arm. It is actually a flat bone that forms the shoulder blade and is located on the back of the shoulder. The humerus, ulna, and radius are the three main bones that make up the arm. The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm, while the ulna and radius are the two bones in the forearm.

The correct answer is clavicles. The clavicles, also known as collar bones, are long, curved bones that connect the shoulder blades (scapulae) to the sternum. They help to support the shoulder girdle, allowing for a wide range of motion in the arms. The humerus is the bone in the upper arm, while the femur is the bone in the thigh.

The ends of a long bone are called epiphyses.

The skeletal system function of hematopoiesis refers to the process of blood cell formation. Hematopoiesis occurs in the bone marrow, where stem cells differentiate into various types of blood cells, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. These blood cells are essential for carrying oxygen, fighting infections, and clotting. Therefore, the skeletal system plays a crucial role in the production and maintenance of the body's blood cells.

The appendicular skeletal system consists of the bones that make up the limbs, including the arms and leg bones. It also includes the bones of the wrists and ankles, as well as the shoulder and hip bones. However, the cranial and facial bones are not part of the appendicular skeletal system. They belong to the axial skeletal system, which includes the bones of the head, neck, and trunk.

The term "diaphysis" refers to the shaft of a long bone. It is the long, cylindrical, main portion of a bone between the two ends called epiphyses. The diaphysis is composed of compact bone tissue and contains the medullary cavity, which houses bone marrow. It provides support and stability to the bone and is responsible for transmitting forces during movement.

The acetabulum is not one of the bones that makes up the hip bone. The hip bone, also known as the coxal bone or os coxae, is made up of three bones: the ilium, ischium, and pubis. These three bones fuse together during development to form the hip bone. The acetabulum, on the other hand, is a cup-shaped socket on the lateral side of the hip bone that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint.

Hypertrophy is the correct answer because it refers to the enlargement or increase in size of muscle tissue due to excessive or overuse. This is a common response of muscles to intense exercise or strength training, where the muscle fibers increase in size and strength. Atrophy, on the other hand, refers to the wasting or shrinkage of muscle tissue due to lack of use or inactivity. Hyotrophy and dystrophy are not valid terms related to muscle enlargement.

The ball and socket joint permits the widest range of movement. This is because it allows for movement in multiple directions, including rotation, flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction. The spherical head of one bone fits into the cup-like socket of another bone, allowing for a wide range of motion in different planes. This type of joint is found in the shoulder and hip, and it provides great mobility and stability.

The skeletal system is responsible for providing a body framework, supporting and protecting internal organs, and storing minerals. However, it does not generate body heat. Body heat is primarily produced by the muscular system through muscle contractions. The skeletal system plays a role in regulating body temperature by providing protection and support to the muscles, which are responsible for generating heat.

Shaking your head "no" involves a rotational movement. This movement is a rotation because the head moves from side to side, pivoting around the neck joint. The other options, supination, abduction, and dorsiflexion, do not accurately describe the movement of shaking the head "no".

Signals generated by the nervous system are called nerve impulses. Nerve impulses are electrical signals that travel along the neurons, allowing communication between different parts of the body. These impulses are responsible for transmitting information and coordinating various bodily functions.

Adduction is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of a body part towards the midline of the body. This movement is commonly seen when bringing the arms or legs closer to the body's center. Rotation refers to the movement around an axis, abduction refers to the movement away from the midline, and pronation refers to the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward.

The thoracic region of the vertebral column contains the largest number of bones. This region is located in the middle of the spine and consists of 12 vertebrae. The thoracic vertebrae are larger and stronger compared to the cervical and lumbar vertebrae. They are connected to the ribs, forming the rib cage, which protects the vital organs in the chest. The thoracic region is responsible for supporting the upper body and providing stability to the spine.

The bone in the lower arm towards the thumb that allows for rotation of the hand is called the radius. The radius is one of the two bones in the forearm, along with the ulna. It is located on the thumb side of the forearm and is responsible for the rotation of the hand and forearm. The ulna, on the other hand, is located on the pinky side of the forearm and is not involved in the rotation of the hand. The femur and humerus are bones found in the thigh and upper arm respectively, and are not relevant to the rotation of the hand.

The frontal bone of the skull is classified as a flat bone. Flat bones are thin and flat in shape, providing protection to underlying organs and supporting muscle attachment. The frontal bone forms the forehead and the upper part of the eye sockets, helping to protect the brain and the eyes. It is a good example of a flat bone because of its flat and broad surface, which allows for the attachment of muscles and provides a protective barrier.

Extension is the movement that is opposite of flexion. Flexion refers to the bending or decreasing the angle between two body parts, while extension refers to the straightening or increasing the angle between two body parts. Therefore, extension is the correct answer as it is the movement in the opposite direction of flexion.

During strenuous exercise, the body may not be able to supply enough oxygen to the muscles, leading to an oxygen debt. This can result in the creation of lactic acid in the muscles. Therefore, both options a and b are correct.

Osteoblasts are bone-building cells that are responsible for the synthesis and secretion of the organic components of the bone matrix. They play a crucial role in bone formation and mineralization. Osteoblasts are derived from mesenchymal stem cells and are involved in the process of bone remodeling and repair. They are responsible for the deposition of new bone tissue and the regulation of bone mass. Osteoblasts also regulate the activity of osteoclasts, which are responsible for bone resorption. Osteocytes, on the other hand, are mature bone cells that are derived from osteoblasts and are involved in the maintenance and regulation of bone tissue. Chondrocytes, on the other hand, are cells found in cartilage tissue, not bone.

Osteoclasts are the bone-resorbing cells in the body. They are responsible for breaking down and removing old or damaged bone tissue. This process, known as bone resorption, helps in the remodeling and repair of bones. Osteoclasts play a crucial role in maintaining bone health and balance by working in coordination with osteoblasts, which are responsible for bone formation. Osteocytes are mature bone cells, while chondrocytes are cells found in cartilage tissue.

Scoliosis is the correct answer because it refers to an abnormal side to side curve in the vertebral column. Lordosis refers to an excessive inward curvature of the spine, kyphosis refers to an excessive outward curvature of the spine, and convexities is not a term used to describe an abnormal curve in the vertebral column. Therefore, scoliosis is the most appropriate term for this condition.

Chondrocytes are cartilage cells. Osteoblasts are bone-forming cells, osteoclasts are bone-resorbing cells, and osteocytes are mature bone cells. However, chondrocytes are specifically responsible for producing and maintaining the cartilage matrix in the body. They are found in cartilage tissues and play a crucial role in the growth and repair of cartilage.

Plasticity is not a characteristic of muscles. Contractibility refers to the ability of muscles to shorten and generate force, excitability refers to the ability of muscles to respond to stimuli, and elasticity refers to the ability of muscles to return to their original shape after being stretched. However, plasticity refers to the ability of the brain to change and adapt in response to experiences or learning.

Osteoporosis is the correct answer because it is a bone condition that occurs most frequently in postmenopausal women with calcium deficiencies. It is characterized by a decrease in bone density and strength, making the bones more prone to fractures. Rickets is a condition that occurs in children due to a lack of vitamin D, causing weak and soft bones. Osteomalacia is a condition that occurs in adults due to a vitamin D deficiency, leading to softening of the bones. Paget's disease is a chronic bone disorder that affects older individuals, causing abnormal bone remodeling.

Tendons are strong fibrous bands that attach skeletal muscles to bones. They are responsible for transmitting the force generated by the muscles to the bones, allowing movement and providing stability to the joints. Ligaments, on the other hand, connect bones to other bones, providing stability and preventing excessive movement. Aponeuroses are flat, sheet-like tendons that attach muscles to bones or other muscles, while fasciae are connective tissues that surround and support muscles, organs, and other structures. Therefore, the correct answer is tendons, as they specifically attach skeletal muscles to bones.

Abduction is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of a body part away from the midline of the body. This movement typically occurs in the frontal plane, such as when lifting the arm out to the side or spreading the fingers apart. Pronation refers to the rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces downward, rotation refers to the turning movement of a body part around its own axis, and adduction refers to the movement of a body part toward the midline of the body.

The adult vertebral column consists of 26 bones. These bones are called vertebrae and they are stacked on top of each other to form the spinal column. Each vertebra is separated by intervertebral discs, which provide cushioning and allow for movement. The vertebral column plays a crucial role in supporting the body, protecting the spinal cord, and allowing for flexibility and movement.

The periosteum is a layer of tough fibrous tissue that covers the outer surface of the bone. It contains blood vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves, which are important for the nourishment and sensation of the bone. The periosteum also plays a role in bone repair and growth. It serves as a protective covering for the bone and helps in the attachment of tendons and ligaments.

Tendons are the correct answer because they are the fibrous connective tissues that attach muscles to bones. They are responsible for transmitting the force generated by the muscle to the bone, allowing movement and providing stability to the joints. Ligaments, on the other hand, connect bones to other bones, while cartilage is a type of connective tissue found in joints and other structures. Epithelial tissue, although important for lining and protecting body surfaces, does not play a role in connecting muscles to bones.

Skeletal muscles are referred to as "striated" because they have a striped appearance under a microscope due to the arrangement of their muscle fibers. They are also called "striped" because of this characteristic. Additionally, skeletal muscles are considered "voluntary" muscles because they are under conscious control. Therefore, the correct answer is "all these" because all of these terms accurately describe skeletal muscles.

Muscle hypertrophy refers to the increase in muscle size. This occurs when the muscles are subjected to resistance training or weightlifting exercises, causing microscopic damage to the muscle fibers. In response to this damage, the body repairs and rebuilds the muscle fibers, leading to an increase in size and strength. Endurance training, on the other hand, focuses on improving cardiovascular fitness and does not typically result in significant muscle hypertrophy. The other options, long periods of disuse and an increase in blood vessels to a muscle, do not accurately describe muscle hypertrophy.

Strain refers to the damage or tear in the muscle body caused by excessive use. It occurs when muscles are stretched beyond their normal capacity or subjected to repetitive movements. This can happen during physical activities or sports that require intense muscle exertion. Sprain, on the other hand, refers to the damage or tear in the ligaments, while stress and tension are psychological or emotional conditions. Therefore, the correct answer is strain.

The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for extending the elbow joint. When the triceps brachii contracts, it causes the arm to straighten by pulling on the forearm bone. This muscle is considered the prime mover because it is the primary muscle responsible for generating the movement. The biceps brachii and brachiale muscles are not involved in extending the elbow and therefore cannot be considered the prime mover. The triceps brachii is not the antagonist in this case because it is the muscle that is actively producing the movement, not opposing it.

Both voluntary muscle and cardiac muscle contain striations. Voluntary muscle, also known as skeletal muscle, is under conscious control and is responsible for movement. It appears striated due to the arrangement of actin and myosin filaments. Cardiac muscle, found in the heart, is also striated but is involuntary. It contracts rhythmically to pump blood throughout the body. Smooth muscle, on the other hand, does not contain striations and is found in the walls of hollow organs such as the intestines and blood vessels.

The biceps brachii is the prime mover in the bending of the elbow because it is primarily responsible for initiating and executing the movement. As the prime mover, it contracts and shortens, causing the forearm to flex and the elbow to bend. The triceps brachii, on the other hand, acts as a synergist, assisting the biceps brachii in the movement. The triceps brachii contracts to stabilize the arm and control the speed of the movement. The brachialis, although not mentioned in the question, is also a prime mover in elbow flexion, working in conjunction with the biceps brachii.

Shaking your head "yes" involves a movement known as flexion. Flexion refers to the bending or decreasing the angle between two body parts. In this case, the head is being flexed forward and backward, creating the "yes" motion. Supination, rotation, and abduction are not applicable to this specific movement.

Paget's disease is a condition characterized by excessive bone resorption and abnormal bone growth. It causes the affected bones to become weak, enlarged, and deformed. This condition is typically seen in older individuals and can affect any bone in the body. Rickets, osteomalacia, and osteoporosis are conditions that also involve bone abnormalities, but they do not specifically cause episodes of frenzied bone resorption and growth as seen in Paget's disease.

The zygomatic bone does not contain sinuses. Sinuses are air-filled cavities within the skull that help to lighten the weight of the skull and provide resonance to the voice. The frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones all contain sinuses. The frontal bone contains the frontal sinus, the sphenoid bone contains the sphenoid sinus, and the ethmoid bone contains the ethmoid sinuses. Therefore, the zygomatic bone is the only bone listed that does not contain sinuses.

Muscular dystrophy is the correct answer because it is a genetic defect that causes muscle deterioration. It typically presents in early childhood and worsens over time, often leading to death in the teenage years or early twenties. Muscular atrophy refers to the wasting away of muscle tissue, while muscular hypotrophy refers to underdevelopment of muscles. Muscular hypertrophy, on the other hand, refers to the increase in muscle size. Therefore, neither of these options accurately describes the condition described in the question.

Diarthrotic joints are joints that allow the most movement in the body and are surrounded by a joint capsule. This means that both options A and C are correct. Diarthrotic joints are the most common type of joints in the body and include the shoulder, hip, and knee joints. They are characterized by their ability to move freely and their joint capsules provide stability and protection to the joint.

Excitability refers to the ability of a muscle to respond to external stimuli. When a muscle is stimulated by a nerve impulse, it is able to generate a response, such as contraction or relaxation. This response is essential for the muscle to perform its function, whether it is to move a body part or maintain posture. Therefore, excitability is the correct answer as it accurately describes the muscle's ability to respond to external stimuli.

The rings of calcified matrix that make up the haversian system are called lamellae. Lamellae are concentric layers of bone tissue that surround the central canal of the haversian system. These layers are formed by osteoblasts and contain collagen fibers and mineral salts, providing strength and support to the bone. The lamellae also house the lacunae, which contain osteocytes, and are interconnected by canaliculi, allowing for the exchange of nutrients and waste between cells.

The pancreas is not part of the lymphatic system. The lymphatic system is a network of vessels, organs, and lymph nodes that help to maintain fluid balance in the body and play a role in the immune system. The tonsils, spleen, and thymus gland are all organs that are part of the lymphatic system and help to filter and produce lymphocytes, which are important for immune function. The pancreas, on the other hand, is an organ that is part of the digestive system and is responsible for producing enzymes and hormones, such as insulin, that help to regulate blood sugar levels.

A greenstick fracture occurs when a bone is partially bent but not completely separated. It is commonly seen in children due to their more flexible bones. The term "greenstick" refers to the analogy of a young, green tree branch that can bend without breaking. In this type of fracture, the bone may crack on one side while the other side remains intact. Unlike an open or closed fracture where the bone is completely separated, a greenstick fracture is a partial break.

A prime mover is a muscle that initiates or produces a specific movement or action. It is responsible for generating the majority of the force needed to perform a particular movement. In other words, it is the main muscle that is primarily responsible for the desired action. This muscle contracts and shortens, causing the movement to occur. The prime mover works in coordination with other muscles, such as synergistic muscles, to produce smooth and efficient movements. The antagonistic muscles, on the other hand, work in opposition to the prime mover to control and stabilize the movement.

Smooth muscles are muscles that are not striped and not under conscious control. They are found in the walls of hollow organs such as the stomach, intestines, and blood vessels. Unlike skeletal muscles, which are voluntary and can be consciously controlled, smooth muscles are involuntary and work automatically to regulate various bodily functions. Cardiac muscles, on the other hand, are found only in the heart and are responsible for its contraction. Sphincter muscles are a type of smooth muscle that control the opening and closing of various body passages. Therefore, the correct answer is smooth muscles.

The structural unit of compact bone is called an osteon. An osteon consists of concentric rings of bone tissue called lamellae, which surround a central canal called the Haversian canal. The Haversian canal contains blood vessels, nerves, and connective tissue. Canaliculi are small channels that connect the lacunae (spaces between the lamellae) and allow for the exchange of nutrients and waste products between osteocytes (bone cells). Trabeculae, on the other hand, are found in spongy bone and form a lattice-like network. Therefore, the correct answer is osteon.

A synapse is the place where a nerve joins a muscle. It is a small gap between the nerve ending and the muscle fiber, where communication occurs between the two. At the synapse, the nerve releases neurotransmitters, which are chemical messengers that transmit signals from the nerve to the muscle. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the muscle fiber, triggering a response and allowing for the transmission of nerve impulses to the muscle, leading to muscle contraction.

The triceps brachii and the biceps brachii are antagonist to each other. This means that they have opposite actions. The triceps brachii is responsible for extending the forearm, while the biceps brachii is responsible for flexing the forearm. When one muscle contracts, the other muscle relaxes to allow for the desired movement. This antagonistic relationship allows for smooth and coordinated movement of the forearm.

Rickets is a condition that occurs due to a deficiency of vitamin D, calcium, or phosphate. It primarily affects young children and causes weak and soft bones, leading to deformities and growth problems. Ensuring that young children have a sufficient amount of vitamin D in their diet is important to prevent rickets. Osteomalacia is a similar condition that affects adults, causing weak and soft bones. Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by low bone density and increased risk of fractures, commonly seen in older adults. Paget's disease is a chronic bone disorder that causes abnormal bone growth. None of these conditions are directly prevented by ensuring a sufficient amount of vitamin D in young children's diets.