Urinary System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 109

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Quizzes Created: 468 | Total Attempts: 2,477,691

Questions: 10 | Attempts: 6,422 | Updated: May 22, 2023

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Urinary System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 109 - Quiz

All questions are shown, but the results will only be given after you’ve finished the quiz. You are given 1 minute per question, a total of 10 minutes in this quiz.

Questions and Answers

1.

Your patient returns from the operating room after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Which symptom is a sign of acute renal failure?
- A.
  
  Anuria
- B.
  
  Diarrhea
- C.
  
  Oliguria
- D.
  
  Vomiting
Correct Answer
C. Oliguria

Explanation
Urine output less than 50ml in 24 hours signifies oliguria. an early sign of renal failure. Anuria is uncommon except in obstructive renal disorders.

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2.

Which cause of hypertension is the most common in acute renal failure?
- A.
  
  Pulmonary edema
- B.
  
  Hypervolemia
- C.
  
  Hypovolemia
- D.
  
  Anemia
Correct Answer
B. Hypervolemia

Explanation
Acute renal failure causes hypervolemia as a result of overexpansion of extracellular fluid and plasma volume with the hypersecretion of renin. Therefore. hypervolemia causes hypertension.

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3.

A patient returns from surgery with an indwelling urinary catheter in place and empty. Six hours later. the volume is 120ml. The drainage system has no obstructions. Which intervention has priority?
- A.
  
  Give a 500 ml bolus of isotonic saline
- B.
  
  Evaluate the patient’s circulation and vital signs
- C.
  
  Flush the urinary catheter with sterile water or saline
- D.
  
  Place the patient in the shock position. and notify the surgeon
Correct Answer
B. Evaluate the patient’s circulation and vital signs

Explanation
A total UO of 120ml is too low. Assess the patient’s circulation and hemodynamic stability for signs of hypovolemia. A fluid bolus may be required. but only after further nursing assessment and a doctor’s order.

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4.

You’re preparing for urinary catheterization of a trauma patient and you observe bleeding at the urethral meatus. Which action has priority?
- A.
  
  Irrigate and clean the meatus before catheterization
- B.
  
  Check the discharge for occult blood before catheterization
- C.
  
  Heavily lubricate the catheter before insertion
- D.
  
  Delay catheterization and notify the doctor
Correct Answer
D. Delay catheterization and notify the doctor

Explanation
Bleeding at the urethral meatus is evidence that the urethra is injured. Because catheterization can cause further harm. consult with the doctor.

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5.

What change indicates recovery in a patient with nephritic syndrome?
- A.
  
  Disappearance of protein from the urine
- B.
  
  Decrease in blood pressure to normal
- C.
  
  Increase in serum lipid levels
- D.
  
  Gain in body weight
Correct Answer
A. Disappearance of protein from the urine

Explanation
With nephrotic syndrome. the glomerular basement membrane of the kidney becomes more porous. leading to loss of protein in the urine. As the patient recovers. less protein is found in the urine.

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6.

Which statement correctly distinguishes renal failure from prerenal failure?
- A.
  
  With prerenal failure. vasoactive substances such as dopamine (Intropin) increase blood pressure
- B.
  
  With prerenal failure. there is less response to such diuretics as furosemide (Lasix)
- C.
  
  With prerenal failure. an IV isotonic saline infusion increases urine output
- D.
  
  With prerenal failure. hemodialysis reduces the BUN level
Correct Answer
C. With prerenal failure. an IV isotonic saline infusion increases urine output

Explanation
Prerenal failure is caused by such conditions as hypovolemia that impairs kidney perfusion; giving isotonic fluids improves urine output. Vasoactive substances can increase blood pressure in both conditions.

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7.

Which criterion is required before a patient can be considered for continuous peritoneal dialysis?
- A.
  
  The patient must be hemodynamically stable
- B.
  
  The vascular access must have healed
- C.
  
  The patient must be in a home setting
- D.
  
  Hemodialysis must have failed
Correct Answer
A. The patient must be hemodynamically stable

Explanation
Hemodynamic stability must be established before continuous peritoneal dialysis can be started.

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8.

Polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used in renal failure to:
- A.
  
  Correct acidosis
- B.
  
  Reduce serum phosphate levels
- C.
  
  Exchange potassium for sodium
- D.
  
  Prevent constipation from sorbitol use
Correct Answer
C. Exchange potassium for sodium

Explanation
In renal failure. patients become hyperkalemic because they can’t excrete potassium in the urine. Polystyrene sulfonate acts to excrete potassium by pulling potassium into the bowels and exchanging it for sodium.

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9.

Your patient has complaints of severe right-sided flank pain. nausea. vomiting and restlessness. He appears slightly pale and is diaphoretic. Vital signs are BP 140/90 mmHg. Pulse 118 beats/min.. respirations 33 breaths/minute. and temperature. 98.0F. Which subjective data supports a diagnosis of renal calculi?
- A.
  
  Pain radiating to the right upper quadrant
- B.
  
  History of mild flu symptoms last week
- C.
  
  Dark-colored coffee-ground emesis
- D.
  
  Dark. scanty urine output
Correct Answer
D. Dark. scanty urine output

Explanation
Patients with renal calculi commonly have blood in the urine caused by the stone’s passage through the urinary tract. The urine appears dark. tests positive for blood. and is typically scant.

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10.

Immunosuppression following Kidney transplantation is continued:
- A.
  
  For life
- B.
  
  24 hours after transplantation
- C.
  
  A week after transplantation
- D.
  
  Until the kidney is not anymore rejected
Correct Answer
A. For life

Explanation
1.11E+35

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Current Version
May 22, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Oct 07, 2017

Quiz Created by
Santepro

Urinary System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 109

Your patient returns from the operating room after abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Which symptom is a sign of acute renal failure?

Which cause of hypertension is the most common in acute renal failure?

A patient returns from surgery with an indwelling urinary catheter in place and empty. Six hours later. the volume is 120ml. The drainage system has no obstructions. Which intervention has priority?

You’re preparing for urinary catheterization of a trauma patient and you observe bleeding at the urethral meatus. Which action has priority?

What change indicates recovery in a patient with nephritic syndrome?

Which statement correctly distinguishes renal failure from prerenal failure?

Which criterion is required before a patient can be considered for continuous peritoneal dialysis?

Polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate) is used in renal failure to:

Immunosuppression following Kidney transplantation is continued: