Urinary System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 105

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Questions: 10 | Attempts: 2,991 | Updated: Mar 21, 2023

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Urinary System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 105 - Quiz

All questions are shown, but the results will only be given after you’ve finished the quiz. You are given 1 minute per question, a total of 10 minutes in this quiz.

Questions and Answers

1.

Which of the following symptoms do you expect to see in a patient diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis?
- A.
  
  Jaundice and flank pain
- B.
  
  Costovertebral angle tenderness and chills
- C.
  
  Burning sensation on urination
- D.
  
  Polyuria and nocturia
Correct Answer
B. Costovertebral angle tenderness and chills

Explanation
Costovertebral angle tenderness. flank pain. and chills are symptoms of acute pyelonephritis.Option A: Jaundice indicates gallbladder or liver obstruction.Option C: A burning sensation on urination is a sign of lower urinary tract infection.

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2.

You have a patient that might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which statement by the patient suggests that a UTI is likely?
- A.
  
  “I pee a lot.”
- B.
  
  “It burns when I pee.”
- C.
  
  “I go hours without the urge to pee.”
- D.
  
  “My pee smells sweet.”
Correct Answer
B. “It burns when I pee.”

Explanation
A common symptom of a UTI is dysuria. A patient with a UTI often reports frequent voiding of small amounts and the urgency to void.Option D: Urine that smells sweet is often associated with diabetic ketoacidosis.

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3.

Which instructions do you include in the teaching care plan for a patient with cystitis receiving phenazopyridine (Pyridium).
- A.
  
  If the urine turns orange-red. call the doctor.
- B.
  
  Take phenazopyridine just before urination to relieve pain.
- C.
  
  Once painful urination is relieved. discontinue prescribed antibiotics.
- D.
  
  After painful urination is relieved. stop taking phenazopyridine.
Correct Answer
D. After painful urination is relieved. stop taking phenazopyridine.

Explanation
Pyridium is taken to relieve dysuria because is provides an analgesic and anesthetic effect on the urinary tract mucosa. The patient can stop taking it after the dysuria is relieved.Option A: The urine may temporarily turn red or orange due to the dye in the drug.Option B: The drug isn’t taken before voiding. and is usually taken 3 times a day for 2 days.

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4.

Which patient is at greatest risk for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)?
- A.
  
  A 35 y.o. woman with a fractured wrist
- B.
  
  A 20 y.o. woman with asthma
- C.
  
  A 50 y.o. postmenopausal woman
- D.
  
  A 28 y.o. with angina
Correct Answer
C. A 50 y.o. postmenopausal woman

Explanation
Women are more prone to UTI’s after menopause due to reduced estrogen levels. Reduced estrogen levels lead to reduced levels of vaginal Lactobacilli bacteria. which protect against infection.Options B. C. and D: Angina. asthma and fractures don’t increase the risk of UTI.

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5.

You have a patient that is receiving peritoneal dialysis. What should you do when you notice the return fluid is slowly draining?
- A.
  
  Check for kinks in the outflow tubing.
- B.
  
  Raise the drainage bag above the level of the abdomen.
- C.
  
  Place the patient in a reverse Trendelenburg position.
- D.
  
  Ask the patient to cough.
Correct Answer
A. Check for kinks in the outflow tubing.

Explanation
Tubing problems are a common cause of outflow difficulties. check the tubing for kinks and ensure that all clamps are open. Other measures include having the patient change positions (moving side to side or sitting up). applying gentle pressure over the abdomen. or having a bowel movement.

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6.

What is the appropriate infusion time for the dialysate in your 38 y.o. patient with chronic renal failure?
- A.
  
  15 minutes
- B.
  
  30 minutes
- C.
  
  1 hour
- D.
  
  2 to 3 hours
Correct Answer
A. 15 minutes

Explanation
Dialysate should be infused quickly. The dialysate should be infused over 15 minutes or less when performing peritoneal dialysis. The fluid exchange takes place over a period ranging from 30 minutes to several hours.

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7.

A 30 y.o. female patient is undergoing hemodialysis with an internal arteriovenous fistula in place. What do you do to prevent complications associated with this device?
- A.
  
  Insert I.V. lines above the fistula.
- B.
  
  Avoid taking blood pressures in the arm with the fistula.
- C.
  
  Palpate pulses above the fistula.
- D.
  
  Report a bruit or thrill over the fistula to the doctor.
Correct Answer
B. Avoid taking blood pressures in the arm with the fistula.

Explanation
Don’t take blood pressure readings in the arm with the fistula because the compression could damage the fistula.Option A: IV lines shouldn’t be inserted in the arm used for hemodialysis.Option C: Palpate pulses below the fistula.Option D: Lack of bruit or thrill should be reported to the doctor.

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8.

Your patient becomes restless and tells you she has a headache and feels nauseous during hemodialysis. Which complication do you suspect?
- A.
  
  Infection
- B.
  
  Disequilibrium syndrome
- C.
  
  Air embolus
- D.
  
  Acute hemolysis
Correct Answer
B. Disequilibrium syndrome

Explanation
Disequilibrium syndrome is caused by a rapid reduction in urea. sodium. and other solutes from the blood. This can lead to cerebral edema and increased intracranial pressure (ICP). Signs and symptoms include headache. nausea. restlessness. vomiting. confusion. twitching. and seizures.

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9.

Your patient is complaining of muscle cramps while undergoing hemodialysis. Which intervention is effective in relieving muscle cramps?
- A.
  
  Increase the rate of dialysis
- B.
  
  Infuse normal saline solution
- C.
  
  Administer a 5% dextrose solution
- D.
  
  Encourage active ROM exercises
Correct Answer
B. Infuse normal saline solution

Explanation
Treatment includes administering normal saline or hypertonic normal saline solution because muscle cramps can occur when the sodium and water are removed to quickly during dialysis. Reducing the rate of dialysis. not increasing it. may alleviate muscle cramps.

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10.

Your patient with chronic renal failure reports pruritus. Which instruction should you include in this patient’s teaching plan?
- A.
  
  Rub the skin vigorously with a towel
- B.
  
  Take frequent baths
- C.
  
  Apply alcohol-based emollients to the skin
- D.
  
  Keep fingernails short and clean
Correct Answer
D. Keep fingernails short and clean

Explanation
Calcium-phosphate deposits in the skin may cause pruritus. Scratching leads to excoriation and breaks in the skin that increase the patient’s risk of infection. Keeping fingernails short and clean helps reduce the risk of infection.

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Mar 21, 2023

Quiz Edited by
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Oct 07, 2017

Quiz Created by
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Urinary System Disorders | NCLEX Quiz 105

Which of the following symptoms do you expect to see in a patient diagnosed with acute pyelonephritis?

You have a patient that might have a urinary tract infection (UTI). Which statement by the patient suggests that a UTI is likely?

Which instructions do you include in the teaching care plan for a patient with cystitis receiving phenazopyridine (Pyridium).

Which patient is at greatest risk for developing a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

You have a patient that is receiving peritoneal dialysis. What should you do when you notice the return fluid is slowly draining?

What is the appropriate infusion time for the dialysate in your 38 y.o. patient with chronic renal failure?

A 30 y.o. female patient is undergoing hemodialysis with an internal arteriovenous fistula in place. What do you do to prevent complications associated with this device?

Your patient becomes restless and tells you she has a headache and feels nauseous during hemodialysis. Which complication do you suspect?

Your patient is complaining of muscle cramps while undergoing hemodialysis. Which intervention is effective in relieving muscle cramps?

Your patient with chronic renal failure reports pruritus. Which instruction should you include in this patient’s teaching plan?