Legal Aspects Of Computer Science

The correct answer is "equality before the law." This means that all citizens, regardless of their social status, race, gender, or religion, are treated equally and have the same rights and responsibilities under the law. This principle ensures that no one is above the law and that everyone has access to justice and fair treatment in the legal system. It is a fundamental aspect of a democratic society and promotes justice, fairness, and equal opportunities for all individuals.

State sovereignty refers to the concept of a state having supreme authority and independence within its own territory. It implies that the state has the power to govern itself and make decisions without interference from external forces. This concept emphasizes the importance of the state's ability to exercise control and maintain its own laws and regulations, without being subject to the authority of other states or international organizations. State sovereignty is a fundamental principle of international law and is crucial for the functioning of a state as an independent political entity.

Anarchy refers to the complete absence of power, state, and law. In an anarchic society, there is no centralized authority or government to enforce rules or maintain order. This lack of governance can lead to a state of chaos and lawlessness, where individuals are left to fend for themselves. Anarchy is often seen as a theoretical concept rather than a practical form of governance, as most societies rely on some form of authority and structure to function effectively.

A secular state is a state where all religions are equal and recognized. This means that the state does not give preferential treatment to any particular religion and allows individuals to freely practice their own religion without interference or discrimination. In a secular state, the government remains neutral in matters of religion and does not promote or favor any specific religious beliefs or practices. Instead, it upholds the principle of religious freedom and ensures that all citizens, regardless of their religious affiliation, are treated equally under the law.

The correct answer is 1971 because the Strasbourg Agreement Concerning the International Patent Classification was adopted in that year. This agreement established a standardized system for classifying patents internationally, which helps in organizing and searching for patents across different countries.

The Vienna Agreement Establishing an International Classification of the Figurative Elements of Mark was adopted in 1973.

The correct answer is "Law." In this context, the term "law" refers to a system of objective knowledge about nature, man, and human society. It implies a set of principles or rules that govern these areas and provide a framework for understanding and explaining them. It suggests that there are certain universal truths or patterns that can be observed and studied scientifically. The other options, such as norm, policy, the economy, and science, are not as comprehensive or encompassing as "law" in terms of describing a systematic body of knowledge.

Every citizen has the right to freedom of entrepreneurial activity because entrepreneurship promotes economic growth, innovation, and job creation. It allows individuals to pursue their business ideas, take risks, and contribute to the overall development of the economy. This freedom ensures that individuals have the opportunity to start and operate their own businesses without unnecessary restrictions or barriers. It is a fundamental right that empowers citizens to participate in economic activities and contribute to the prosperity of their communities and the nation as a whole.

The state is the only official representative of all society and population united by the feature of citizenship. It is responsible for governing and making decisions on behalf of the entire population. While other entities such as parties, public organizations, religious organizations, and power institutions may have influence and represent specific interests, the state is the overarching authority that represents and governs all citizens.

One of the main features of a state is territorial separation of population. This means that a state has defined borders or boundaries that separate its population from the population of other states. This feature is important because it helps establish sovereignty and jurisdiction over a specific territory, allowing the state to govern its population, enforce laws, and provide essential services within its borders. Territorial separation also helps maintain order, security, and control over resources within the state.

The correct answer is 1968. This is when the Locarno Agreement was adopted, which established an international classification for industrial designs.

The correct answer is "No, under no circumstances." This means that it is not possible to deprive citizenship of the Republic of Kazakhstan under any circumstances. This answer implies that there are no exceptions or conditions specified by law that would allow for the deprivation of citizenship.

The right of authorship is described as "inalienable and non-transferable." This means that it cannot be taken away or given up by the author, and it cannot be transferred to someone else. The author retains full control and ownership over their work, including the right to be identified as the creator and to control how it is used and distributed. This ensures that authors have the ultimate say in how their creative works are shared and protected.

The decision of government has the highest juridical force because it is a normative legal act that is made by the highest executive body in a country. The government has the authority to make decisions that are binding and enforceable, and they have the power to implement and enforce laws. Therefore, their decisions carry the highest level of legal force compared to decisions made by local bodies, ministries, or the Prime Minister.

The correct answer is 1977. The Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the Purposes of Patent Procedure was adopted in 1977. This treaty provides a way for patent applicants to satisfy the requirement of depositing biological material in a recognized depositary institution. It allows for the international recognition of such deposits, ensuring that the deposited microorganisms are available to the public for further research and development.

Technical norms refer to the attitudes and beliefs that people have towards nature, technique, tools, and means of production. These norms shape how individuals interact with and use these elements in their work and daily lives. They guide behavior and decision-making in relation to technical matters and help establish a standard or expectation for how things should be done. By understanding and adhering to these norms, individuals can ensure that they are using technology and resources in a responsible and efficient manner.

The Madrid Agreement Concerning the International Registration of Marks was adopted in 1891. This agreement established a system for the international registration of trademarks, allowing trademark owners to protect their rights in multiple countries through a single application. The agreement aimed to simplify and streamline the process of trademark registration, making it more efficient and cost-effective for businesses operating internationally. By adopting this agreement in 1891, countries recognized the importance of harmonizing trademark laws and facilitating international trade.

The answer "norms of law" is correct because it is stated in the question that the sources of law in the RK include "norms of law." This implies that the legal system in the RK is based on established laws and regulations that govern the country. Other sources mentioned in the question, such as moral norms, corporative norms, political parties programs, talks of state leaders, customs, and traditions, may influence the development of laws but are not the primary sources of law in the RK.

The correct answer is "all enumerated." This means that all of the organizational forms of entrepreneurship mentioned in the question are included in the answer. These forms include economic and other societies, partnerships, funds, public organizations, and private entrepreneurship.

The correct answer is Civil-legal relations. This is because public relations, which involve the interactions between an organization and the public, are regulated by civil law. Civil law governs the legal relationships between individuals and organizations, including matters such as contracts, torts, and property rights. Therefore, public relations activities must comply with the legal framework established by civil law.

The correct answer is criminal law, constitutional law, civil law. These three areas of law are part of sectoral legal science. Criminal law deals with crimes and the punishment of offenders. Constitutional law focuses on the principles and rules governing the structure and powers of government. Civil law deals with private disputes between individuals or organizations. These three branches of law are fundamental to the legal system and play a crucial role in maintaining order, protecting rights, and resolving conflicts within society.

The correct answer is 1958. The Lisbon Agreement for the Protection of Appellations of Origin and their International Registration was adopted in 1958. This agreement aims to protect the geographical names used to identify products that have a specific origin and possess qualities or reputation attributable to that origin. It provides a framework for the international registration and protection of appellations of origin, helping to prevent misleading use of such names and ensuring fair competition in the market.

The correct answer is 1989. The Washington Treaty on Intellectual Property in Respect of Integrated Circuits was adopted in 1989. This treaty was established to provide protection for intellectual property rights in relation to integrated circuits, which are essential components of electronic devices. It aimed to promote innovation, fair competition, and economic development by ensuring that the rights of creators and owners of integrated circuits are protected internationally.

The correct answer is 1981. The Nairobi Treaty on the Protection of the Olympic Symbol was adopted in 1981.

The correct answer is "all enumerated". This means that the edges of private entrepreneurship legal regulation include tax, price and antimonopolistic regulation, subordination to law, defense, security and safety of people and society, as well as submission of social warranties. In other words, all of these factors are considered and included in the regulation of private entrepreneurship.

The agreement will become effective and legally binding for the parties involved upon reaching a conclusion. This means that after all the necessary discussions, developments, and registrations have taken place, the agreement will be finalized and considered enforceable.

The element of legal norm that fixes measures of influence on a law breaker is called a sanction. Sanctions are penalties or consequences imposed by the legal system to deter individuals from violating the law. They can include fines, imprisonment, probation, community service, or other forms of punishment. Sanctions serve as a means to enforce compliance with the law and maintain social order.

The Hague Agreement Concerning the International Deposit of Industrial Designs was adopted in 1925. This agreement provides a mechanism for creators to protect their industrial designs in multiple countries by filing a single application. It establishes an international system for the registration and protection of industrial designs, allowing applicants to obtain design protection in multiple member countries through a single application and registration process. The agreement aims to simplify and streamline the process of obtaining design protection internationally, promoting the development and protection of industrial designs across borders.

The correct answer is that the government bodies - legislative, executive, and judiciary - are separated and independent of each other. This means that each branch has its own distinct powers and responsibilities, and they act as checks and balances on each other to prevent any one branch from becoming too powerful. This separation of powers is a fundamental principle in many democratic systems and helps to ensure a fair and balanced government.

The correct answer is 1973. This is the year when the Trademark Registration Treaty was adopted.

The Supreme Court is the correct answer because it is the highest judicial body in the Republic of Kazakhstan (RK) and has jurisdiction over civil, criminal, administrative, and other cases related to overseeing the activities of vessels. The other options mentioned, such as the Chief State Court, Presidential Court, Constitutional Council, and Emergency Court, do not hold the same authority or jurisdiction as the Supreme Court in this context.

The Declaration of State Sovereignty of Kazakh SSR dated October 25, 1990 was the first official proclamation that established the sovereign state of the Republic of Kazakhstan. This declaration marked a significant step towards Kazakhstan's independence from the Soviet Union. It asserted the country's right to self-determination and laid the foundation for subsequent constitutional developments and the eventual establishment of the Republic of Kazakhstan.

The CIS form of structure refers to the Commonwealth of Independent States, which is a regional intergovernmental organization composed of former Soviet Union countries. It is a voluntary association that promotes economic and political cooperation among its member states. Therefore, the correct answer is "commonwealth."

The correct answer is "People" because in a democratic system, the ultimate source of state power lies with the people. The people elect representatives to the Senate, Parliament, and Government, and these institutions derive their power from the consent of the governed. The High Court, on the other hand, is a judicial body that interprets and applies the law, but it does not possess the same level of direct power as the people. Therefore, it is the people who hold the ultimate authority in the RK.

The correct answer is "only by the courts." This means that the justice of the RK (presumably referring to Republic of Kazakhstan) can only be determined through the court system. Other entities such as the President, administrations in the field, people, and Governors do not have the authority to administer justice in the same way as the courts.

The court has the power to resist a person in his capability because it is the judicial branch of the government that has the authority to interpret and apply the law. It can make decisions and judgments that can limit or restrict a person's actions or capabilities based on legal principles and evidence presented. The court's decisions are legally binding and enforceable, making it a powerful body in the legal system.

The correct answer is 1883. The Paris Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property was adopted in 1883. This international treaty aims to protect industrial property, such as patents, trademarks, and industrial designs, by establishing a framework for cooperation and mutual recognition among member countries. It has been instrumental in harmonizing and strengthening intellectual property rights globally.

The correct answer is "charter." A charter refers to the foundation documents of an economic partnership formed by one partner. It outlines the purpose, structure, and rules of the partnership, serving as a guiding document for its operations. In this context, a constitutive treaty may refer to a different type of agreement, and the provisions of Cabinet and RK Constitution are not specifically related to the formation of an economic partnership.

A simple partnership is not considered a legal entity because it does not have a separate legal existence from its owners. In a simple partnership, the partners are personally liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership. The partnership itself does not have the ability to sue or be sued, own property, or enter into contracts on its own behalf. Instead, the partners individually carry out these actions. Therefore, the correct answer is that a simple partnership is not a legal entity.

A patent for an invention is granted for a period of twenty years. This allows the inventor to have exclusive rights to their invention for that duration, preventing others from making, using, or selling the patented invention without permission. After the twenty-year term, the invention enters the public domain, meaning it can be freely used by anyone.

The correct answer is unitary state. This is because a unitary state is a form of government where power is concentrated in the central government, and local governments have limited powers that are delegated to them by the central government. In a unitary state, there is no division of powers between different levels of government, and the central government has the authority to make decisions for the entire country.

The law chosen bodies in the RK are the Deputies of Parliament and the President. This means that the lawmakers in Kazakhstan are elected members of the Parliament and the President. They are responsible for making and implementing laws in the country.

Normative legal acts of justice, legal are directly related to state-law because they refer to the laws and regulations that are established and enforced by the state. These acts define the rights and obligations of individuals and entities within a society and provide a framework for resolving disputes and maintaining order. They are created by legislative bodies or other authorized institutions and are enforceable through the legal system. This distinguishes them from other phenomena such as custom, morality, religion, tradition, and culture, which may influence the development and interpretation of laws but are not directly part of the state-law system.

The correct answer is for fifteen years with a possible extension of the term by the patent authority (organization) at the request of the patent owner no more than five years. This means that an industrial design patent is initially granted for a period of fifteen years. However, the patent owner can request an extension of the term, but it cannot exceed five years.

The element of a legal norm that defines conditions and circumstances of its acting and realizing is called the hypothesis. This refers to the specific situation or set of circumstances under which the legal norm applies and can be enforced. The hypothesis helps to determine when and how the legal norm should be applied, ensuring that it is implemented in the appropriate context.

Constitutional Law is the correct answer because it is the branch of law that establishes and defines the structure, powers, and limitations of government institutions. It ensures the competence of state power high bodies and regulates the main rights and freedoms of individuals. Constitutional Law sets out the fundamental principles and rules that govern a country, including the organization of government, the separation of powers, and the protection of individual rights. It is a crucial branch of law that ensures the proper functioning and balance of state power.

The correct answer is 1970. The Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) was adopted in 1970. The PCT is an international treaty that provides a unified procedure for filing patent applications in multiple countries. It simplifies the process for applicants by allowing them to file a single international application that is recognized in multiple countries. This helps to streamline the patent application process and reduce costs for applicants.

The general meeting of shareholders approves the Charter of the production cooperative. This is because the Charter is a legal document that outlines the rules and regulations of the cooperative, and it is important for the shareholders to have a say in its approval. The general meeting of shareholders represents the collective ownership of the cooperative and has the authority to make decisions on behalf of the cooperative.

The correct answer is that the term of an innovative patent for an invention is three years with a possible extension of the term by the patent authority (organization) at the request of the patent owner no more than two years. This means that initially, the patent is valid for three years. However, if the patent owner requests an extension, the patent authority can grant an additional two years.

The International Convention for the Protection of Industrial Property was adopted in 1967. This convention aims to provide protection for industrial property rights such as patents, trademarks, and industrial designs. It establishes a framework for international cooperation and harmonization of intellectual property laws. The convention sets out minimum standards and procedures for the protection of industrial property, promoting innovation and creativity worldwide.

The Senate has the right to call an election to the Parliament of the RK. This means that the Senate has the authority to initiate the process of holding an election for the Parliament. The other options listed, such as the people, the President, the Government, and the Mayor, do not have this specific power.

Social norms are rules of behavior that are established to regulate the interactions and relationships between people. These norms dictate how individuals should behave in various social situations and help to maintain order and harmony within a society. They provide a framework for acceptable behavior, guiding individuals on how to interact, communicate, and cooperate with others. By adhering to social norms, individuals can ensure that their actions align with societal expectations and avoid potential conflicts or misunderstandings.

The internal function of a country refers to its role in promoting social welfare and addressing the needs of its citizens. This includes ensuring access to basic services such as education, healthcare, and social security. By prioritizing social development, a country can improve the well-being and quality of life for its people. This internal function is crucial for maintaining stability and harmony within the country.

The correct answer is The Chief Prosecutor. The head of the prosecution system in the RK is referred to as the Chief Prosecutor. This individual holds the highest position in the prosecution system and is responsible for overseeing and leading all prosecutorial activities in the country. The other options mentioned, such as Lead Attorney, Attorney General, Supreme Prosecutor, and Chairman of the Supreme Court, do not hold the same authority and role as the Chief Prosecutor in the prosecution system.

A disposition is an element of a legal norm that strengthens the rule of behavior by giving individuals rights and obligations. It refers to the power or authority granted to someone to make decisions or take actions in a legal context. In this case, a disposition would provide individuals with the necessary rights and obligations to enforce and comply with the rule of behavior outlined in the legal norm.

The correct answer is "Foundation agreement." The foundation agreement is a key document in establishing an economic partnership. It outlines the basic principles, objectives, and terms of the partnership. It serves as a legal framework for the partnership and provides guidance on how the partnership will be governed and operated. The other options listed, such as normative acts of the President and Cabinet, provisions of tax bodies, and provisions of Akimats, may also be important in the partnership but are not specifically mentioned as foundation documents.

The general meeting is the supreme body of the economic partnership because it is the highest decision-making authority where all members come together to discuss and make important decisions regarding the partnership. It is a platform where representatives from all stakeholders have an equal opportunity to voice their opinions, vote on resolutions, and shape the direction of the partnership. The general meeting ensures transparency, accountability, and democratic decision-making within the economic partnership.

The correct answer is "independence of state power in solving internal and external policy." This means that state sovereignty refers to the ability of a state to make decisions and policies without interference from external entities. It encompasses the state's authority to govern its internal affairs and to engage in diplomacy and foreign relations. This definition highlights the importance of a state's independence and autonomy in its decision-making processes.

The external function of a country refers to its defense. This involves protecting the country from external threats and ensuring the safety and security of its citizens. It includes activities such as maintaining a strong military, establishing defense alliances, and implementing national security policies. This function is crucial for safeguarding the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the country, as well as ensuring the well-being of its population.

The President is the body that decides the question of citizenship acceptance in the RK. This means that the President has the authority and power to determine whether an individual's citizenship should be accepted or not. It is the President's responsibility to make this decision based on the relevant laws and regulations of the RK. The other options mentioned, such as Parliament, Government, Senate, and Constitutional Council, do not have the specific authority to make this decision.

Special and extraordinary courts are the RK bodies that run justice. These courts are established for specific purposes and have jurisdiction over particular cases. They are different from the regular high and local courts as they handle unique and exceptional legal matters. The term "special" implies that these courts are designed to handle specific types of cases, while "extraordinary" suggests that they deal with legal matters that require exceptional measures or procedures. These courts play a crucial role in ensuring justice is served in specific and exceptional circumstances.

The correct answer is "with the consent of the holder." This means that in order for someone else to use the object of exclusive rights, they need to have the permission or approval of the person who holds those rights. Without the consent of the holder, it would be a violation of their rights to use the object.

In an unlimited partnership, the partners have unified responsibility according to the obligations with their property. This means that each partner is personally liable for the debts and obligations of the partnership, and their personal assets can be used to satisfy those obligations. The partners do not have limited liability, unlike in a limited partnership where some partners have limited liability and are not personally responsible for the partnership's debts. Therefore, the correct answer is unified responsibility according to the obligations with their property.

All the principles mentioned in the options are included in the Constitution of the RK. The Constitution establishes the priority of the RK Constitution over other laws, emphasizes the priority of human rights and freedoms, promotes transparency and openness in state service, and emphasizes the non-partisanship, professionalism, and competency of state officials. Therefore, all the enumerated principles together are present in the Constitution of the RK.

The correct answer is "all enumerated activity together." This means that the normative and legal acts on Labor Law consist of all the listed items, including the Labor Code and labor laws, decrees of the RK President with the force of law, resolutions of the RK Government and normative legal acts of ministries and departments, and normative resolutions of the RK Constitutional Council and Supreme Court. In other words, all of these items collectively make up the normative and legal acts on Labor Law.

A utility model patent has a term of five years, which can be extended for up to three years upon request by the patent owner and approval by the patent authority. This means that initially, the patent is valid for five years, but if the patent owner wishes to extend the term, they can request an extension of up to three additional years, subject to approval.

The termination of activity and enforced liquidation of an economic subject occurs when a court makes a decision to do so. This means that a court has the authority to order the cessation of business operations and the liquidation of assets of the economic subject. It is not dependent on decisions made by tax bodies, prosecuting councils, or the National Bank. Therefore, the correct answer is court decision.

The correct answer is "rules of behavior in normative acts and are guaranteed by state." This means that norms of law are rules that are outlined in official documents and are backed by the authority of the state. These rules dictate how individuals should behave and carry legal consequences if not followed.

The correct answer is the prosecutor's office. The prosecutor's office is responsible for ensuring that laws are applied correctly and uniformly. They have the authority to supervise and oversee the enforcement of laws, ensuring that they are followed by individuals and institutions. This includes monitoring the actions of law enforcement agencies, courts, and other government bodies to ensure compliance with the law. The prosecutor's office plays a crucial role in upholding the rule of law and maintaining order in society.

The court decides questions of admission to citizenship of the RK. This means that the court has the authority to make decisions regarding the granting of citizenship in the RK (presumably referring to the Republic of Kazakhstan). This suggests that the court plays a significant role in the citizenship process, possibly by reviewing applications, conducting hearings, and making determinations based on the relevant laws and regulations.

The executive power refers to the government. The government is responsible for implementing and enforcing laws, managing public affairs, and making decisions on behalf of the state. It is the executive branch of the government that holds the executive power and is responsible for executing and administering the laws of the country. Therefore, the government is the correct answer as it is one of the bodies referred to the executive power.

The bodies referred to as representative and legislative power are parliament. Parliament is the highest legislative body in a country, responsible for making laws and representing the interests of the people. It consists of elected representatives who debate and vote on proposed legislation. Parliament plays a crucial role in the democratic process by ensuring that laws are made in the best interest of the public and by holding the government accountable for its actions.

The correct answer is "Government." The government is the supreme body of executive power in RK (presumably referring to a specific country or region). The Council of Ministers, Cabinet of Ministers, and the President are all part of the government structure, but the government as a whole is the highest authority in the executive branch. The Supreme Court, on the other hand, is part of the judiciary and does not hold executive power.

The correct answer is "all of the above" because each of the options mentioned plays a role in controlling society to achieve social harmony and order in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Increasing the role of the court as a model, models, and remedies helps ensure that justice is served and disputes are resolved fairly. Accounting and coordination of interests of different nations, groups, and walks of life helps in finding a balance and promoting inclusivity. Creating conditions for the material welfare of the citizens helps in reducing social inequalities and promoting stability. Coupling the action of the law of the state and citizens ensures that laws are followed and enforced effectively.

The correct answer is citizens and legal entities. This means that in the unlimited, additional and shareholding partnership, the partners can be individuals (citizens) or organizations (legal entities). This type of partnership allows for a wide range of partners, including both natural persons and legal entities such as corporations or partnerships.

The correct answer is state registration. After the partnership undergoes the process of state registration, the constitutors are considered to be the partners of the partnership. This means that they have fulfilled all the necessary legal requirements and have been officially recognized as partners by the state authorities. Registration in tax bodies, sanitary medical centers, and ecological supervision committees may be required for other purposes, but they are not specifically related to the partnership's constitution.

The content of the constitutive documents includes the name of one or some partners of the partnership. This means that the documents specify the individuals who are involved in the partnership and are responsible for its activities.