Infection Control: Principles And Practices! Trivia Quiz

Fungal infections are more common on the feet than on the hands because the warm and moist environment inside shoes provides an ideal breeding ground for fungi. The feet also tend to sweat more, further increasing the moisture content. Additionally, the constant friction and pressure on the feet can create small breaks in the skin, making it easier for fungi to enter and cause an infection.

Disinfectants such as phenols and quats should not come in contact with your skin because they can cause irritation, allergic reactions, or even chemical burns. These substances are designed to kill bacteria and other pathogens, so they can be harsh and potentially harmful to the skin. It is important to always follow safety guidelines and use protective measures like gloves and clothing when handling disinfectants to prevent any adverse effects on the skin.

Streptococci (strep-toh-KOK-sy) are pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads. They cause infections such as strep throat and blood poisoning.

Pus is a fluid created by infection. It contains white blood cells, bacteria, and dead cells.

After cleaning and disinfecting, implements should be stored in a clean, covered container to maintain their cleanliness and prevent contamination. A clean container ensures that the implements remain free from dirt and germs, while a covered container protects them from airborne particles and other external factors that could compromise their cleanliness. This helps to maintain a hygienic environment and ensures that the implements are ready for use when needed.

Immunity refers to the body's ability to destroy and resist infection. It is a complex system involving various cells, tissues, and organs that work together to defend against harmful pathogens. Immunity can be acquired naturally through exposure to infections or artificially through vaccinations. It plays a crucial role in maintaining overall health and preventing diseases. Decontamination, stasis, and regulation are not directly related to the body's ability to destroy and resist infection, making immunity the correct answer.

Before a surface can be disinfected, it must be properly cleaned to remove any dirt, debris, or contaminants. Cleaning helps to ensure that the disinfectant can effectively kill any germs or bacteria on the surface. Without proper cleaning, the disinfectant may not be able to reach all areas of the surface or may be less effective in killing pathogens. Therefore, cleaning is a necessary step before disinfection can take place.

An allergy is a reaction that occurs when the immune system overreacts to a normally harmless substance, such as food, chemicals, or pollen. This exaggerated response can cause a range of symptoms, including sneezing, itching, hives, and difficulty breathing. Allergies can be triggered by a variety of substances, known as allergens, and can vary in severity from mild to life-threatening. Therefore, the correct answer is allergy.

The correct answer is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). HIV is the virus that causes AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). It attacks the immune system, specifically the CD4 cells (T cells), and weakens the body's ability to fight off infections and diseases. HIV is transmitted through contact with certain body fluids, such as blood, semen, vaginal fluids, and breast milk. It can be transmitted through unprotected sexual intercourse, sharing needles or syringes, mother-to-child transmission during childbirth or breastfeeding, and through blood transfusions (although this is rare in developed countries where blood is screened for HIV).

Direct transmission refers to the transfer of blood or bodily fluids through direct contact, such as touching, kissing, coughing, sneezing, or talking. This means that the transmission occurs without any intermediaries or barriers, allowing the infectious agents to be directly passed from one person to another. It is an important mode of transmission for various diseases, including respiratory infections, sexually transmitted infections, and some bloodborne pathogens.

OSHA.

Parasites are organisms that grow, feed, and find shelter on or in another organism, without providing any benefit to the survival of that organism. They rely on their host for nutrients and resources, often causing harm or disease in the process. This relationship is one-sided, with the parasite benefiting at the expense of the host. Cocci and bacilli are types of bacteria, while lawyers are professionals and not relevant to the context of the question.

Any disinfectant used in the salon should carry an EPA-registration number and the label should clearly state the specific organisms the solution is effective in killing when used according to the label instructions.

A logbook is a written record that keeps track of specific activities or events. In the context of a salon, a logbook would be an essential tool to document each time a piece of equipment is used, cleaned, disinfected, tested, and maintained. This helps ensure that proper hygiene and maintenance protocols are followed, and also serves as a reference for future use or inspections.

Diplococci (dip-lo-KOK-sy) are spherical bacteria that grow in pairs and cause diseases such as pneumonia.

If the label on a disinfection product includes the word "concentrate," it means that the product must be diluted before use. This is because a concentrate is a highly concentrated form of the product, which means it is too strong to be used directly. Diluting it with water reduces its potency and makes it safe and effective for use.

Cocci (KOK-sy) are round-shaped bacteria that appear singly (alone) or in groups.

Spirilla (spy-RIL-ah) are spiral or corkscrew-shaped bacteria. They are subdivided into subgroups, such as treponema papillida, which causes syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease (STD), and borrelia burgdorferi, which causes Lyme disease.

OSHA

A microorganism refers to any organism that is extremely small, ranging from microscopic to submicroscopic in size. This includes various types of bacteria, such as staphylococci, streptococci, and mycobacterium. These organisms are too small to be seen with the naked eye and can only be observed under a microscope. Therefore, the term "microorganism" encompasses all the options provided in the question.

The correct answer is "take shortcuts for cleaning." This is not part of your professional responsibilities because as a professional, it is important to follow state and federal laws, keep your license current, and check for changes to rules. Taking shortcuts for cleaning can compromise the quality and safety of your work, and is not in line with professional standards.

Quats AKA Quaternary ammonium compounds usually disinfect implements in 10 minutes.

Using too much bleach can damage metal and plastic. Bleach is a strong chemical that can corrode and degrade these materials if used in excessive quantities. It is important to follow the recommended dosage and dilution instructions when using bleach to avoid causing harm to surfaces and objects.

A parasitic disease is caused by parasites, which are organisms that live and feed off another organism, known as the host. These parasites can be in the form of worms, protozoa, or insects. They enter the host's body and use its resources to survive and reproduce, often causing harm and disease in the process. Bacteria, bacilli, and cocci are types of microorganisms that can cause infections, but they do not specifically cause parasitic diseases.

As a cosmetologist, it is not within their scope of practice or expertise to recommend treatments for diseases. Their role is primarily focused on providing beauty and aesthetic treatments, such as hair styling, makeup, and skincare, rather than diagnosing or treating medical conditions. Therefore, they are not allowed to recommend treatments for diseases.

Tinea pedis is the correct answer because it refers to a ringworm fungus that affects the foot. "Tinea" is a term used to describe fungal infections, and "pedis" specifically refers to the foot. Therefore, tinea pedis is the appropriate term for a foot ringworm infection.

Before beginning any service, it is important to wash your hands using pump soap, water, and a clean, disinfected nail brush. This is because a nail brush helps to effectively clean the nails and cuticles, removing any dirt, bacteria, or debris that may be present. By using a clean and disinfected nail brush, you can ensure that your hands are thoroughly cleaned and free from any potential contaminants before starting the service.

At the end of every day, it is important to properly clean the non whirlpool foot basin or tub to maintain hygiene and prevent the spread of bacteria or infections. Adding the appropriate amount of disinfectant and letting it soak for 10 minutes ensures that any remaining bacteria or germs are effectively killed. This duration allows the disinfectant to thoroughly penetrate and sanitize the basin, ensuring a clean and safe environment for the next use.

To mix disinfectants properly, it is recommended to add the disinfectant to water. This is because adding the disinfectant to water allows for better dispersion and dilution of the disinfectant, ensuring that it is evenly distributed throughout the mixture. This method also helps prevent the disinfectant from becoming too concentrated, which could potentially be harmful or less effective. Adding water to the disinfectant may cause the disinfectant to become too concentrated, leading to potential issues. Stirring the mixture until foamy is not necessary for proper mixing, and adding hard tap water only to the disinfectant may not provide the desired dilution and dispersion.

When disinfecting a whirlpool foot spa after use by a client, it is necessary to circulate the disinfectant for a specific duration to ensure proper disinfection. The recommended time for circulating the disinfectant is 10 minutes. This duration allows the disinfectant to thoroughly penetrate and eliminate any potential pathogens or bacteria that may be present in the foot spa. Following the manufacturer's recommendation is crucial to ensure effective disinfection and maintain a clean and safe environment for clients.

Barber's itch is a fungal infection that affects the hair follicles in the beard area. The term "tinea" refers to a group of fungal infections, and "barbae" specifically indicates that the infection is in the beard area. Therefore, tinea barbae is the correct scientific name for barber's itch. Tinea capitis refers to a fungal infection of the scalp, tinea pedis is athlete's foot, and tinea spirilla is not a recognized term for any specific fungal infection.

Porous items have small holes or spaces that allow liquids or gases to pass through. These holes or spaces enable the item to absorb and retain liquids, making them absorbent. Therefore, porous items are also considered absorbent.

The correct answer is whirlpool foot spas. In 2000, a client outbreak was caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium fortuitum. This outbreak occurred because the practitioner failed to follow proper disinfection guidelines for whirlpool foot spas. This suggests that the foot spas were not properly cleaned and disinfected, allowing the bacteria to thrive and cause the outbreak. It highlights the importance of following proper disinfection procedures to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria in salon settings.

Salons no longer use fumigants because they produce potentially harmful formaldehyde gas. This implies that fumigants were previously used in salons but have been discontinued due to their harmful effects.

Material Safety Data Sheet

A contagious disease is one that can be transmitted from one person to another through direct or indirect contact. This can occur through physical contact, such as touching or kissing, or through the exchange of bodily fluids, such as saliva or blood. Infectious diseases, on the other hand, can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. Occupational diseases are specific to certain occupations or industries, while systematic diseases affect multiple systems or organs in the body. Therefore, the most appropriate answer is contagious disease, as it specifically refers to a disease that spreads from person to person through contact.

Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms that can exhibit characteristics of both plants and animals. They are capable of photosynthesis like plants and can also consume organic matter like animals. Bacteria have a wide range of shapes and sizes, and they can be found in various environments. They play crucial roles in nutrient cycling, decomposition, and symbiotic relationships. Hence, bacteria are the correct answer for the microorganisms having both plant and animal characteristics.

Toxins are various poisonous substances produced by some microorganisms. These substances can be harmful to other organisms, including humans, and can cause a range of adverse effects on the body. Therefore, toxins are the correct answer in this context.

A local infection appears as a lesion containing pus and is confined to a particular part of the body. This means that the infection is limited to a specific area and does not spread throughout the body. It is typically caused by bacteria entering the body through a wound or other means, and the body's immune response creates a localized area of inflammation and pus formation. Unlike contagious infections, which can be spread from person to person, a local infection is contained within the affected area. Primary and secondary infections refer to different stages or types of infections and are not specific to the localization of the infection.

Antiseptics are chemical germicides formulated for use on skin and are registered and regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Antiseptics can contain either alcohol or benzalkonium chloride, which is less drying to the skin than alcohol. Example of an antiseptic would be hand sanitizers.

When a salon implement comes in contact with blood or body fluid, it is important to thoroughly clean it to prevent the spread of diseases. The correct answer states that the implement should be completely immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant. This is the most effective way to kill any potential pathogens present on the implement. Immersing the implement ensures that all surfaces are thoroughly treated, reducing the risk of transmission of HIV, HBV, and other infectious diseases.

Hepatitis B is the most difficult form of hepatitis to kill on a surface because it is highly resistant to disinfectants and can survive outside the body for up to a week. This is due to the presence of a protective outer shell, known as the hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), which allows the virus to withstand harsh conditions. In contrast, hepatitis A and C are less resistant and can be effectively killed with standard disinfection methods. Hepatitis D is dependent on the presence of hepatitis B, so it is not considered a separate entity in terms of surface survival.

The correct answer is "clean and disinfect." This is because there is no product or method that can completely replace the need to clean and disinfect equipment such as whirlpool spas. Cleaning involves removing dirt, debris, and other particles from the equipment, while disinfecting involves killing or inactivating microorganisms to prevent the spread of infection. Both processes are necessary to ensure the equipment is safe and hygienic for use.

Contamination refers to the presence or reasonably anticipated presence of potentially infectious materials on an item's surface or visible debris or residue. This can include bacteria, viruses, or other harmful substances that can cause infection or illness if they come into contact with a person's body. It is important to prevent and control contamination in order to maintain a safe and healthy environment.

The correct answer is "state" because licensing, enforcement, and conduct regulations for working in a salon are typically governed by state agencies. These agencies ensure that salon professionals meet the necessary qualifications, follow health and safety guidelines, and adhere to ethical standards. While federal agencies may also have some oversight in certain areas, such as labor laws, the primary responsibility for regulating the salon industry lies with the state agencies. City agencies may have additional regulations specific to their jurisdiction, but they generally operate within the framework set by the state. International agencies do not typically regulate individual salon operations at the local level.

A disease is an abnormal condition of the body that affects either all or part of the body, including its systems or organs, and disrupts normal functioning. It can manifest in various ways and can be caused by a variety of factors such as pathogens, genetic disorders, or environmental factors. Diseases can range from mild to severe and can have long-term effects on an individual's health and well-being.

The term "diagnosis" refers to the process of identifying a disease or condition based on the symptoms exhibited by the patient and/or the results of medical tests. It involves analyzing the information gathered and making a determination about the nature of the disease. This term is commonly used in the field of medicine to describe the process of identifying and classifying diseases in patients.

A common viral infection often seen in salons. This virus can infect the bottom of the foot and resembles small black dots, usually in clustered groups. Highly contagious, difficult to kill, and can be passed from pedicure client to pedicure client by dirty implements and foot baths.

An exposure incident refers to the contact with non-intact skin, blood, body fluid, or other potentially infectious materials that occurs while an employee is performing their job duties. This can include situations where there is a risk of transmission of infectious diseases. It is important for employees to be aware of and take appropriate precautions to prevent exposure incidents in order to maintain a safe and healthy work environment.

During the active stage, bacteria grow and reproduce. Bacteria multiply best in warm, dark, damp, or dirty places. When conditions are favorable, bacteria grow and reproduce. When they reach their largest size, they divide into two new cells, a division called "binary fission." The cells that are formed are called daughter cells and are produced every twenty to sixty minutes, depending on the bacteria.