Microbiology Gram Bacteria Pt 2

M. tuberculosis is the correct answer because it is the bacterium that causes tuberculosis (TB), which is a progressive form of pneumonia. M. leprae and M. avium are not associated with TB or pneumonia.

Rickettsia rickettsiae is the correct answer because it is the causative agent of Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. This bacterium is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. It belongs to the family Rickettsiaceae and is known for causing a variety of symptoms such as fever, headache, rash, and muscle pain. Prompt treatment with antibiotics is necessary to prevent complications and severe illness.

Ehrlichia is a type of bacteria that causes a disease called ehrlichiosis. This infection is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected ticks. Symptoms of ehrlichiosis include fever, headache, fatigue, muscle aches, and sometimes rash. It can be a serious illness if left untreated. Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and Q fever are caused by different bacteria and have distinct symptoms, so they are not caused by ehrlichia. Therefore, the correct answer is ehrlichiosis.

Rickettsia is classified as gram-negative because it does not retain the crystal violet stain during the Gram staining process. Gram-negative bacteria have a thinner peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which makes them unable to retain the stain. This characteristic is important for classification and identification purposes in microbiology.

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M. leprae is the correct answer because it is the specific bacterium that causes leprosy. Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease that primarily affects the skin, peripheral nerves, and mucous membranes. It is characterized by the progressive infection of cartilage and connective tissue. M. avium and M. tuberculosis are other mycobacteria that cause different diseases, but they are not associated with leprosy. Therefore, M. leprae is the most appropriate choice for the given description.

Chlamydia is an intracellular bacterium that requires a host cell to replicate and divide. It cannot reproduce or complete its life cycle outside of a host. This is why it is considered an obligate intracellular pathogen. Therefore, the statement that Chlamydia must be inside of a host for cell division is true.

Chlamydia trachomatis is the correct answer because it is a sexually transmitted disease that can infect all genital areas. Chlamydia trachomatis is a bacterium that commonly causes infections in the genital tract, leading to symptoms such as abnormal discharge, pain during urination, and inflammation. It can also cause infections in the rectum, throat, and eyes. Therefore, chlamydia trachomatis is the most appropriate choice among the given options.

Chlamydia is an intracellular bacterium that relies on host cell nutrients for its survival and replication. It invades host cells and hijacks their resources, depriving them of nutrition. Eventually, the infected cell bursts, releasing the bacteria to infect neighboring cells and continue the cycle of infection. Therefore, the statement that Chlamydia steals nutrition from cells and burst out to infect other cells is true.

Psittacosis is a disease that is associated with contact with birds and used to be known as parrot fever. It is characterized by symptoms such as pneumonia, headaches, and swollen liver and spleen. The correct answer, C. psittaci, is a type of bacteria that causes psittacosis.

M. avium is known to cause opportunistic infections in immunocompromised hosts, such as individuals with weakened immune systems. These infections can affect various tissues in the body. It is important to note that M. avium is not associated with causing Chlamydia or pneumonia, as mentioned in the question.

All rickettsial diseases, including diseases like Rocky Mountain spotted fever and typhus, typically present with symptoms of fever and a rash. This is a characteristic feature of these diseases and helps in their diagnosis and differentiation from other illnesses.

Chlamydia is a parasitic bacteria that has a life cycle similar to a virus because it requires a host cell to reproduce. Like viruses, Chlamydia cannot replicate on their own and rely on invading host cells to complete their life cycle. They enter host cells, take over the cellular machinery, and use it to reproduce. This similarity in their life cycle is why Chlamydia is often compared to viruses, even though it is technically classified as a bacteria.

Mycobacterium are shaped like bacilli, which are rod-shaped bacteria. This shape is characteristic of Mycobacterium species, including the bacteria that cause diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy. The term "bacilli" refers to the elongated, cylindrical shape of these bacteria, which can be seen under a microscope.

Mycobacterium have waxy cell walls, which contribute to their ability to retain certain dyes even when exposed to acid. This property is known as acid-fastness. The waxy cell walls of Mycobacterium are composed of a unique lipid called mycolic acid, which provides protection and resistance against various environmental conditions. This characteristic is important in the identification and diagnosis of diseases caused by Mycobacterium, such as tuberculosis and leprosy.

Rickettsia is a bacterium that causes a rash and a fever. It is considered an obligate intracellular parasite, meaning it can only survive and reproduce inside the cells of its host. This bacterium is not transmitted by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), but rather by arthropod vectors such as ticks, fleas, and lice.

C. pneumoniae is a bacterium that is known to cause pneumonia. Pneumonia is an infection that affects the lungs, causing inflammation and difficulty in breathing. C. pneumoniae is one of the common causes of community-acquired pneumonia, particularly in young adults. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets from infected individuals and can lead to symptoms such as cough, fever, chest pain, and fatigue. Therefore, C. pneumoniae is the correct answer as it is a known causative agent of pneumonia.