Micro - Pathogenic Bacteria III Pt 2

H. Pylori is a bacterium that is known to colonize the gastric mucosa. It is typically found in the stomach lining and is associated with various gastrointestinal conditions such as gastritis and peptic ulcers. Therefore, it is expected that H. Pylori would normally be found in the gastric mucosa. The fact that cultures from several regions of the patient's body were positive for H. Pylori colonization further supports the idea that the bacterium is present in the stomach lining.

Cystic Fibrosis is a genetic condition that affects the lungs and digestive system. It causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, making it difficult to breathe and increasing the risk of infections. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacteria that can infect the lungs of individuals with cystic fibrosis. Therefore, patients suffering from cystic fibrosis may test positive for Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

P. Aeruginosa is the correct answer because it is known to form biofilms, which are communities of bacteria surrounded by a protective matrix. Biofilms provide protection to bacteria against antibiotics and other external threats, making them more resistant to treatment. This ability of P. Aeruginosa to form biofilms contributes to its pathogenicity and makes it a difficult bacteria to eradicate in infections. H. Pylori, S. dysenteria, and S. Typhyi are not typically associated with biofilm formation.

Patients suffering from gastric and duodenal ulcers and gastric adenocarcinoma would be expected to have H. Pylori infections. H. Pylori is a bacterium that is known to cause these conditions. It is commonly associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers, as it can damage the protective lining of the stomach and duodenum, leading to the formation of ulcers. Additionally, long-term infection with H. Pylori has been linked to the development of gastric adenocarcinoma, a type of stomach cancer. Therefore, patients with these conditions are likely to have H. Pylori infections.

found extracellularly

The stool antigen (toxin) test would be recommended as a non-invasive test to detect the presence of H. Pylori infection. This test detects the presence of H. Pylori antigens in the stool, which indicates an active infection. It is a reliable and convenient method for diagnosing H. Pylori infection, as it does not require invasive procedures such as endoscopy or biopsy. The urease test, culture, and histological giemsa stain are all invasive tests that may not be preferred by the patient.

After a positive lab test for H. Pylori, it is recommended to use a combination of H2 blockers and proton pump inhibitors to reduce stomach acid production, use an antibiotic combo to eradicate the H. Pylori bacteria, and return for testing in 4 weeks to ensure successful treatment. Therefore, all of the above actions might be recommended for the patient.

H. Pylori infection is best described as colonization taking place over years. This means that the bacteria gradually establish themselves in the stomach lining and can persist for a long period of time. H. Pylori infection is known to be a chronic condition that can lead to various gastrointestinal issues if left untreated. It is not preventable by avoiding person-to-person contact, and its prevalence tends to increase with age. However, it does not prevent belching and abdominal pain; in fact, it can cause these symptoms in some individuals.

The correct answer is "cultures are green or colorless." This means that P. Aeruginosa can be identified by the color of its cultures, which can either be green or colorless. This characteristic can be used to differentiate it from other bacteria. The other options, such as being treatable with one drug or having a negative oxidase test, are not true about P. Aeruginosa.

First line is clarithromycin or azithromycin because of resistance to metronidazole

After years of suffering from H. pylori induced gastritis, a patient may suffer from adenocarcinoma and lymphoma. This is because H. pylori infection can lead to chronic inflammation of the gastric mucosa, which can eventually progress to the development of adenocarcinoma (a type of stomach cancer) and lymphoma (a cancer of the lymphatic system). The chronic inflammation caused by the infection can also disrupt the normal balance of the stomach lining, leading to overgrowth of gastric mucosa. Elevated ascorbic acid levels are not directly associated with H. pylori induced gastritis.

Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the transport of ions across cell membranes. This defect in ion transport leads to the production of thick and sticky mucus in various organs, including the lungs. As a result, individuals with cystic fibrosis often experience respiratory symptoms such as coughing, wheezing, and difficulty breathing. Additionally, the defective ion transport can also affect other systems in the body, leading to issues with digestion, absorption of nutrients, and sweat production. Therefore, the correct answer is "defective ion transport."

Pseudomonas aeruginosa and H. Pylori both share the similarity of having polar flagella. Polar flagella are whip-like appendages that bacteria use for movement. This similarity suggests that both Pseudomonas aeruginosa and H. Pylori are capable of motility.

P. aeruginosa adheres to epithelial cells by producing exotoxins that facilitate adherence. This means that the exotoxins released by P. aeruginosa help the bacteria to attach themselves to the epithelial cells. The other options mentioned, such as flagella and pilli having a negligible role and the type III secretion system being rarely used, are not related to the adherence of P. aeruginosa to epithelial cells and therefore are not the best description for this process.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to be a fastidious bacterium with many nutritional requirements, meaning it has specific and complex nutritional needs. It obtains iron and phosphate through the use of siderophores (molecules that bind and transport iron) and hydrolysis (breaking down compounds to release phosphate). Additionally, P. aeruginosa mainly produces toxins that allow it to retrieve nutrients without causing significant damage to the host. Therefore, options B and C are both true statements about P. aeruginosa's nutritional needs.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is clinically important because it has the ability to infect from a small inoculum size. This means that even a small number of bacteria can cause infection in individuals. This characteristic makes it particularly dangerous in hospital settings where patients may already have compromised immune systems. Additionally, Pseudomonas aeruginosa is known to cause opportunistic infections, meaning it can take advantage of weakened immune systems to cause infections. Therefore, the correct answer is that it can infect from small inoculum size.