Micro Lab Exam 2

Tryptanosoma cruzi is a parasite that causes Chagas disease. Chagas disease is a tropical parasitic disease found mainly in Latin America. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected triatomine bugs, also known as "kissing bugs." The disease can also be transmitted through blood transfusions, organ transplantation, and from mother to baby during childbirth. Chagas disease can cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, body aches, and swollen lymph nodes. If left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, such as heart disease and digestive problems.

An organism that feeds on live organic material, such as another organism, is known as a parasite. Parasites rely on their host for nutrients and survival, often causing harm or disease to the host in the process. They can be found in various forms, including parasites that live on the surface of the host (ectoparasites) or those that live inside the host's body (endoparasites). Examples of parasites include fleas, ticks, lice, and certain types of worms.

Gametocytes are sex cells that are found in the blood of infected individuals. In the case of the female Anopheles mosquito, it picks up these gametocytes when it feeds on the primary host. These gametocytes are essential for the mosquito to complete its life cycle as they mature into gametes inside the mosquito's gut, leading to the formation of zygotes and ultimately the transmission of the parasite to another host.

When miracidia reach water, they enter snails. Miracidia are the larval stage of certain parasitic flatworms, such as liver flukes. They are released from the eggs of these parasites and need to find a suitable host to continue their life cycle. Snails serve as intermediate hosts for these parasites, providing a favorable environment for their development. Inside the snail, the miracidia undergo asexual reproduction and transform into another larval stage called cercariae, which will eventually leave the snail and infect other organisms.

When the fertilized eggs are released from the female and travel through the intestines, they are eventually excreted with feces. Once in water, these eggs develop into miaracidia.

Borrelia burgdorferi is a spirochete bacterium that is known to be the causative agent of Lyme disease. It is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. Once inside the human body, the bacterium can spread and cause a range of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, headache, muscle and joint aches, and swollen lymph nodes. If left untreated, Lyme disease can lead to more severe complications affecting the joints, heart, and nervous system. Therefore, Borrelia burgdorferi is correctly identified as the organism that causes Lyme disease.

The specific mosquito that is the vector for Plasmodium vivax is the Anopheles mosquito. This type of mosquito is known for transmitting the parasite that causes malaria, including the Plasmodium vivax species. Anopheles mosquitoes are found in various regions around the world and are responsible for spreading this particular type of malaria.

The symptoms of the disease in question include irregular heartbeat and cardiac arrest. Irregular heartbeat refers to a heart rhythm that is abnormal or not consistent, which can cause discomfort or palpitations. Cardiac arrest, on the other hand, is a sudden loss of heart function, leading to a cessation of blood flow and causing the person to collapse and lose consciousness. Both symptoms are indicative of a serious cardiovascular condition and require immediate medical attention.

Borrelia burgdorferi is the correct answer because it is a spirochete bacterium that is known to cause Lyme disease. Lyme disease is a tick-borne illness that can result in a variety of symptoms, including fever, fatigue, headache, and a characteristic skin rash. Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected black-legged ticks, and if left untreated, it can lead to more severe complications such as joint pain, neurological problems, and heart abnormalities. Therefore, Borrelia burgdorferi is the correct answer as it is the specific bacterium responsible for causing Lyme disease.

The vector for Lyme disease is the white-tailed deer and the white-footed mouse. A vector is an organism that can transmit a disease from one host to another. In the case of Lyme disease, the black-legged tick (also known as the deer tick) feeds on the blood of infected white-tailed deer or white-footed mice, acquiring the bacteria that causes Lyme disease. When the tick bites a human or another animal, it can transmit the bacteria, resulting in infection. Therefore, both the white-tailed deer and the white-footed mouse play a crucial role in the transmission of Lyme disease.

The initial sign of the infection that may be seen on the skin is a bulls eye rash or erythema migrans. This rash is typically characterized by a red, circular or oval-shaped lesion with a clear center and a red outer ring, resembling a bull's eye. It is commonly associated with Lyme disease, which is caused by the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi and transmitted through the bite of infected black-legged ticks. Early detection and treatment of this rash is crucial in preventing the progression of Lyme disease.

Schistosoma mansoni is one of three species that can cause the disease called Schistosomiasis. Schistosomiasis is a parasitic infection that affects millions of people worldwide. The disease is caused by the penetration of the skin by the larvae of the Schistosoma parasite, which then migrate to the blood vessels of the intestines or bladder. Schistosoma mansoni specifically causes intestinal schistosomiasis and is prevalent in parts of Africa, South America, and the Caribbean. Symptoms of the disease can include abdominal pain, diarrhea, blood in the stool or urine, and liver and spleen enlargement.

The adult schistosoma mansoni reside in the capillaries of the human body right before they become adults. Capillaries are tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. The schistosoma mansoni, a parasitic worm, specifically resides in the capillaries of the human body, where it feeds on blood and reproduces.

The adult schistosoma mansoni reside in the human body's blood stream once they reach adulthood. This is where they establish their parasitic infection and reproduce, causing various health issues. The blood stream provides them with a suitable environment to survive and thrive, allowing them to continue their life cycle and spread the infection to other parts of the body.

The given description of the organisms as cylindrical bodies, non-hermaphroditic, and having complete digestive tracts matches the characteristics of roundworms. Roundworms, also known as nematodes, are a type of worm that are typically long and cylindrical in shape. They have separate sexes and do not possess both male and female reproductive organs. Additionally, they have a complete digestive system, with a mouth and anus. Therefore, the correct answer is roundworms.

The tail of Enterobius vermicularis is referred to as the pointed tail.

The pin on the female is used for laying eggs. This suggests that the question is referring to a specific type of female organism, likely an animal or insect, that has a pin-like structure for the purpose of laying eggs. The pin serves as a reproductive organ or ovipositor, allowing the female to deposit her eggs in a suitable environment for hatching and development.

Pinworms are a type of parasitic worm that commonly infect humans. The source of pinworms in our environment is soil. Pinworm eggs are usually found in soil contaminated with human feces that contain the eggs. When a person comes into contact with the contaminated soil, they can unknowingly ingest the eggs, leading to a pinworm infection. Therefore, soil serves as a reservoir for pinworm eggs and is the source of their presence in our environment.

The pinworm becomes an adult in the large intestine. This is where the worm reaches maturity and reproduces. The large intestine provides a suitable environment for the pinworm to complete its life cycle. It is important to note that pinworms are parasitic worms that commonly infect humans, especially children. They can cause discomfort and itching in the anal area, leading to discomfort and potential transmission to others through contaminated hands or objects.

Plasmodium Vivax is a type of parasite that causes malaria. It is found in the red blood cells (RBC) of infected individuals. This parasite is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected female Anopheles mosquitoes. Once inside the body, the Plasmodium Vivax parasites invade the liver and then multiply and infect the red blood cells. This leads to the symptoms of malaria, such as fever, chills, and flu-like symptoms. Therefore, Plasmodium Vivax is the correct answer as it fits the given description of a parasite causing malaria and being found in the RBC.

not-available-via-ai

Plasmodium vivax is the correct answer because it is a parasitic agent that causes malaria. It is one of the five species of Plasmodium that infect humans and is responsible for the majority of malaria cases outside of sub-Saharan Africa. The use of 100x magnification is mentioned to emphasize the need for a microscope to properly view and identify the parasite.

Sporozoites are the infective form of the malaria parasite Plasmodium vivax that is transmitted to humans through the bite of an infected mosquito. After entering the bloodstream, sporozoites travel to the liver where they infect liver cells and multiply. This stage of the malaria cycle is crucial for the parasite to establish an infection in the human host.

Merozoites are the stage of the malaria cycle of Plasmodium vivax that rupture the liver cells and infect the red blood cells. This stage is responsible for causing jaundice in individuals infected with malaria.

Trophozoites are the stage of the malaria cycle of Plasmodium vivax that feeds and comes from merozoites. Merozoites are released from infected red blood cells and invade new red blood cells, where they develop into trophozoites. Trophozoites are actively feeding and growing, and they eventually mature into schizonts. Schizonts then release more merozoites, continuing the cycle of infection and replication.

The correct answer is merozoites cause lysis of RBC. In the life cycle of Plasmodium vivax, merozoites are the stage of the parasite that infects and multiplies within red blood cells (RBCs). When the merozoites mature and burst out of the RBCs, it leads to the destruction of the RBCs, causing the release of toxins and waste products into the bloodstream. This process triggers an immune response, resulting in symptoms such as fever and chills.

Reduviid bugs, also known as "kissing bugs," live in cracked walls of mud and adobe houses. They bite humans during the night and then defecate on the site. This behavior leads to the transmission of Trypanosoma cruzi, a pathogen responsible for causing Chagas disease. The bug's feces contain the parasite, and when the bite site is scratched or rubbed, the parasite enters the bloodstream, infecting the individual. Chagas disease can result in severe health complications if left untreated.

The symptoms of joint pains, paralysis, and heart failure appear later in the progression of the condition being referred to in the question. This means that these symptoms do not manifest initially but develop over time. It is important to note that without further context, it is difficult to determine the specific condition being referred to.

Flukes are small leaf-shaped parasites that have a bilateral symmetry. They use a sucker to attach themselves to their host and feed on nutrients from the host's body. This description matches the characteristics of a fluke, making it the correct answer.

Schistosoma mansoni is a type of fluke that has a flattened leaf-like stage called cercaria. This stage is able to penetrate the skin and invade the bloodstream. Therefore, the correct answer is cercaria.

The male schistosoma mansoni has a longitudinal copulatory groove where the female resides for fertilization of her eggs. This groove serves as a passage for the male to transfer his sperm to the female during mating. It is a specialized anatomical feature that facilitates the reproductive process in these parasites.

The correct answer is "cercaria, skin". This suggests that man initially becomes infected by cercaria, a type of parasitic larvae, which burrows through the skin. This implies that the cercaria enters the human body through the skin, leading to infection.

Fasciola hepatica is a rare human pathogen but is a significant parasite in sheep. It is transmitted through the ingestion of contaminated water or aquatic plants. Once inside the body, the flukes of Fasciola hepatica migrate to the liver, causing severe damage as they move through it.

Fasciola hepatica is considered hermaphroditic because it possesses both male and female reproductive organs. This means that it has the ability to produce both eggs and sperm, allowing it to self-fertilize and reproduce without the need for a separate partner. This characteristic of being hermaphroditic is common among many species of parasites, including Fasciola hepatica.

Enterobius vermicularis is the correct answer because it is the most common roundworm parasite in the US. It is estimated that 30% of children and 16% of adults have had a pinworm infection caused by Enterobius vermicularis at some point in their lives. This parasite is responsible for causing the disease known as pinworm infection.

The esophageal bulb is an important part of Enterobius vermicularis. This structure is located in the anterior portion of the worm's body and is responsible for the ingestion and digestion of food. It acts as a muscular pumping organ that helps the worm to suck in and process nutrients from its host. The esophageal bulb plays a crucial role in the survival and reproduction of Enterobius vermicularis.

When one person in the family has pinworms, it is important to treat the entire family because the eggs of pinworms can become aerosolized. This means that they can become airborne and spread easily in the environment. Even if only one person in the family is showing symptoms, it is possible that others have been infected but are not yet showing symptoms. Treating the whole family helps to prevent the spread of pinworms and ensures that everyone is effectively treated.

Necator americanus is one of the two known types of hookworm parasites. It attaches to the walls of the intestine and feeds on blood, leading to anemia and malnutrition.

Necator americanus, a type of hookworm, uses cutting plates for attachment. These cutting plates are specialized structures that enable the hookworm to attach itself to the host's intestinal wall. By using these plates, the hookworm can firmly anchor itself and feed on the host's blood. The cutting plates act like sharp teeth, allowing the hookworm to penetrate the intestinal lining and establish a secure attachment. This adaptation is crucial for the hookworm's survival and successful parasitic lifestyle.

The copulatory bursa is found at the ends of the male Necator americanus. The copulatory bursa is a specialized structure found in male nematodes that is involved in the mating process. It is located at the posterior end of the male and is used to hold and grasp the female during copulation. The copulatory bursa is important for successful reproduction in nematodes and plays a crucial role in the transfer of sperm to the female.