Filarial Nematodes Trivia Quiz!

10 am - 2 pm.

Other Brugia vectors are Anopheles and Aedes.

Mansonella microfilariae are unsheathed, meaning they do not have a protective covering or sheath. This characteristic distinguishes them from other types of microfilariae, which may have a sheath.

Wuchereria bancrofti is a parasitic worm that causes lymphatic filariasis, a disease commonly known as elephantiasis. This disease is prevalent in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The correct answer states that Wuchereria bancrofti is found in Africa, Asia, and South America, which accurately reflects the geographic distribution of this parasite.

The correct answer is Blackfly. Onchocerciasis, also known as river blindness, is caused by the parasitic worm Onchocerca volvulus. The blackfly, specifically of the Simulium genus, serves as the vector for this disease. The blackfly bites an infected individual and ingests the microfilariae (larvae) of the parasite. These microfilariae then develop within the blackfly and are transmitted to another individual when the blackfly bites again. Therefore, the blackfly plays a crucial role in the transmission of Onchocerciasis.

Streptocerca causes a subcutaneous filariasis, unlike perstans and ozzardi which cause a cavity filariasis.

Treatment of Wolbachia with doxycycline causes sterilization of the female worms. This is because doxycycline is an antibiotic that effectively targets and kills the Wolbachia bacteria, which are essential for reproduction in female worms. By eliminating Wolbachia, the female worms become unable to reproduce, resulting in sterilization. Therefore, the statement is true.

This test causes pruritus in Onchocerciasis patients when given DEC.

They have a nocturnal periodicity from 10pm to 2 am.

A calabar swelling is indeed caused by angioedema. Angioedema is a condition characterized by swelling beneath the skin, often around the face, lips, and throat. Calabar swelling specifically refers to a localized swelling that is typically painless and can occur in various parts of the body. This swelling is commonly associated with angioedema, which can be caused by allergic reactions, certain medications, or underlying medical conditions. Therefore, the statement "A calabar swelling is caused by angioedema" is true.

It occurs in W.bancrofti and B.malayi infection. Symptoms are nocturnal cough, wheezing, and fever.

Culicoides midges are known vectors of Mansonella perstans. Mansonella perstans is a parasitic worm that causes a condition known as mansonelliasis in humans. The Culicoides midge is a small biting insect that is commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. These midges have been identified as carriers of the Mansonella perstans parasite and play a role in transmitting the infection to humans. Therefore, Culicoides midges are considered to be vectors of Mansonella perstans.

It is a manifestation of Onchocerciasis. With optic atrophy, it causes blindness.

It is found in the New World.

If an unsheathed microfilariae that is 250 - 300 microns long (big at x100) has nuclei that don't go to its tail tip, it is likely to be Onchocerca volvulus. This is because Onchocerca volvulus is known to have microfilariae with nuclei that do not extend to the tail tip. The other options, Mansonella Ozzardi, Brugia malayi, and Wuchereria bancrofti, do not exhibit this characteristic.

Mass drug administration for lymphatic filariasis needs to occur for a period of 4-6 years and in a population coverage of 70% in order to achieve eradication. This duration allows for repeated treatment cycles to target the entire at-risk population and ensure that all infected individuals receive the necessary medication. The 70% population coverage is necessary to break the transmission cycle of the disease by reducing the number of infected individuals and preventing further spread.

The L1 larvae of W.bancrofti and B.malayi develop to L3 larvae in the thoracic muscles of the mosquito vector. This is the location where the larvae undergo their final development before being transmitted back to humans through mosquito bites. The thoracic muscles provide a suitable environment for the larvae to mature and prepare for their next stage of development. Once the mosquitoes bite humans, the L3 larvae are injected into the bloodstream, where they can then migrate to the lymphatic system and cause lymphatic filariasis.

All of these are used to treat LF, however, Ivermectin is used in areas co-endemic for onchocerciasis as it treats both. It was donated free for this by Merck.

Onchocercoma nodules occur mainly over bony prominences. These nodules are caused by the parasitic infection known as onchocerciasis, or river blindness. The adult worms of the parasite Onchocerca volvulus live in the subcutaneous tissues, and the nodules form as a result of the body's immune response to the presence of the worms. Bony prominences, such as the elbows, knees, and hips, provide a suitable environment for the development of these nodules.

Loa loa is the correct answer because it is the only microfilaria that possesses all the mentioned characteristics. Loa loa has a loose sheath, nuclei that extend to its tail tip, a bent tail, and a size larger than 250 microns. W.bancrofti, M.streptocerca, and O.volvulus do not exhibit all of these characteristics, making them incorrect choices.

If the tail is bent, it is likely to be streptocerca, although this is the only difference.

Patients have to be monitored for brain inflammation when given DEC for Loa loa. This is because DEC (diethylcarbamazine) is an antiparasitic medication used to treat Loa loa infection, which is caused by a parasitic worm. Brain inflammation, also known as encephalitis, is a potential side effect of DEC treatment. Monitoring for this complication is important to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient.

Mansonella ozzardi is a parasitic infection caused by a worm. The most effective treatment for this infection is a single dose of ivermectin. Ivermectin is an antiparasitic medication that works by killing the parasites in the body. It is a safe and effective treatment option for Mansonella ozzardi and has been proven to be successful in eliminating the infection. Other medications like DEC and albendazole may be used for different types of parasitic infections, but they are not specifically indicated for treating Mansonella ozzardi.

Larval current occurs in Strongyloides infection. Sowda is an unusual form of Oncho that occurs in Yemen.

Possible clinical forms of a Mansonella infection include asymptomatic cases, where the individual shows no symptoms of the infection. Pruritis, which refers to intense itching of the skin, can also be a clinical form. Additionally, Calabar-like swellings, characterized by localized painful swellings, can occur in Mansonella infections. Facial edema, or swelling of the face, is not typically associated with Mansonella infections.