Medical Vocabulary Quiz 3

Quadriplegia refers to the paralysis of all four extremities, typically caused by a spinal cord injury in the cervical region. It results in the loss of sensation and motor function in both arms and legs. Apraxia refers to the inability to perform purposeful movements, paraplegia refers to the paralysis of the lower half of the body, and hemiplegia refers to the paralysis of one side of the body. Therefore, quadriplegia is the correct term for the paralysis of all four extremities.

Encephalitis is defined as inflammation of the brain. This condition occurs when the brain becomes inflamed due to various causes such as viral or bacterial infections, autoimmune disorders, or allergic reactions. The inflammation can cause symptoms like headache, fever, confusion, seizures, and even neurological deficits. It is important to diagnose and treat encephalitis promptly to prevent further damage to the brain and potential complications.

The combining form chondr/o refers to cartilage. Cartilage is a flexible connective tissue that provides support and cushioning between bones, such as in the joints. This term is commonly used in medical terminology to describe conditions or structures related to cartilage, such as chondritis (inflammation of cartilage) or chondrocyte (cartilage cell). Therefore, the correct answer is cartilage.

Cephalalgia is the correct answer because it is the medical term for a headache. The term "cephalalgia" is derived from the Greek words "cephalos" meaning head and "algos" meaning pain, indicating pain in the head. This term is commonly used in medical literature and discussions to refer to different types of headaches, including tension headaches, migraines, and cluster headaches.

Neurology is the correct answer because it is the medical specialty that deals with the study and treatment of disorders related to the nervous system. It focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and conditions affecting the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Psychology, neuroscience, and psychiatry are related fields but they have different focuses. Psychology is the study of behavior and mental processes, neuroscience is the scientific study of the nervous system, and psychiatry is a branch of medicine that deals with the diagnosis and treatment of mental disorders.

Neuritis is the correct answer because it refers to the inflammation of a nerve. Neurosis refers to a mental or emotional disorder, neuroarthropathy is a condition that affects the joints due to nerve damage, and neuroma is a benign tumor that develops on nerve tissue. Therefore, neuritis is the most appropriate term to describe inflammation of a nerve.

Flexion is the correct answer because it refers to the process of bending a limb. When a joint is flexed, the angle between the bones decreases, bringing the two body parts closer together. This movement is commonly observed in joints such as the elbow, knee, and hip. Supination and pronation, on the other hand, refer to the rotation of the forearm or foot, while extension refers to straightening or increasing the angle between two body parts.

Electroencephalography is the correct answer because it is the diagnostic procedure that records the electrical impulses of the brain. This procedure involves placing electrodes on the scalp to measure the brain's electrical activity and is commonly used to diagnose epilepsy, sleep disorders, and other neurological conditions. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a different imaging technique that uses radioactive tracers to measure metabolic activity in the brain. Cerebral angiography is a procedure that involves injecting contrast dye into the blood vessels of the brain to visualize blood flow. Echoencephalography is an outdated term that refers to ultrasound imaging of the brain, which is not the same as recording electrical impulses.

Arthritis refers to the inflammation and degeneration of a joint. It is a common condition that causes pain, stiffness, and swelling in the affected joint. Spondylarthritis is a specific type of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. Achondroplasia is a genetic disorder that results in dwarfism and does not involve joint inflammation. Ankylosis refers to the abnormal fusion of bones in a joint, which can be a result of arthritis. Therefore, arthritis is the correct answer as it accurately describes the inflammation and degeneration of a joint.

The combining form "scoli/o" refers to curved.

The correct answer is atrophy. Atrophy refers to the wasting away or decrease in size of muscles due to lack of use or inactivity. In the case of a paraplegic, who has limited or no movement in the lower body, daily exercise is crucial to prevent muscle atrophy. Regular exercise helps to maintain muscle strength and prevent the deterioration of muscle tissue. This is important to preserve mobility and prevent further complications associated with muscle wasting.

Osteoporosis is a condition characterized by a reduction in bone mass. This condition weakens the bones and increases the risk of fractures. Osteonecrosis refers to the death of bone tissue, while osteopenia refers to low bone density that is not as severe as osteoporosis. Osteofibroma is a benign bone tumor. Therefore, the correct answer is osteoporosis.

Bradykinesia is a medical term that refers to abnormally slow movement. It is a symptom commonly associated with Parkinson's disease, where individuals experience a significant reduction in the speed and fluidity of their movements. This can manifest as a slowness in initiating and executing voluntary movements, resulting in a general lack of coordination and agility. Bradykinesia can affect various motor functions, such as walking, writing, and even facial expressions. It is often accompanied by other symptoms like muscle stiffness and tremors.

Adduction is the correct answer because it is the medical term used to describe the movement of a body part towards the body's midline. This movement involves bringing a limb or body part closer to the center of the body, such as bringing the arm back to the side of the body or bringing the leg back to a neutral position.

Abduction is the correct answer because it refers to the movement of a body part away from the middle or midline of the body. This movement can occur in various joints, such as the shoulder or hip, and it is the opposite of adduction, which involves moving a body part towards the midline. Inversion and eversion refer to movements of the foot, while abduction is a more general term that can apply to different body parts.

The correct answer is hemiplegia. Hemiplegia refers to paralysis on one side of the body, typically caused by damage to the opposite side of the brain. In this case, the client's paralysis on one side of the body aligns with the definition of hemiplegia. Quadriplegia refers to paralysis of all four limbs, paraplegia refers to paralysis of the lower half of the body, and palsy refers to uncontrolled muscle movements or tremors, which are not mentioned in the question.

Arthroplasty is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical procedure of replacing a joint, in this case, the hip joint. Since the elderly patient has a fractured hip and needs a hip replacement, arthroplasty is the most appropriate procedure to address her condition. Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive procedure used for diagnosing and treating joint problems, while arthrodesis involves fusing the joint together. Arthrotomy refers to the surgical opening of a joint for examination or treatment.

Atrophy refers to the wasting away or decrease in size of a muscle due to lack of use, injury, or disease. This can occur when muscles are not regularly exercised or when they are immobilized for a long period of time. Atrophy can also result from certain medical conditions or aging. In contrast, hypertrophy refers to an increase in muscle size due to exercise or strength training. Myalgia refers to muscle pain, while myasthenia is a neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness and fatigue.

The physician has prescribed an analgesic medication to relieve the patient's pain. An analgesic is a type of medication that is specifically designed to reduce or eliminate pain. It works by blocking pain signals in the body or by reducing inflammation. The nurse should prepare to give the patient an analgesic to help alleviate their pain.

A surgical incision into the skull is called a craniotomy. This procedure involves creating an opening in the skull to access the brain for various medical reasons, such as removing a brain tumor or repairing a blood vessel. Craniectomy refers to the surgical removal of a part of the skull, while cranioplasty is the surgical repair or reconstruction of a cranial defect. Craniocele is not a medical term related to skull surgery.

Arthrocentesis refers to the surgical procedure of puncturing a joint in order to withdraw or aspirate fluids from the synovial cavity. It is commonly performed to relieve pain and swelling caused by an accumulation of fluid in the joint. The other options listed are not the correct terms for this specific procedure.

Dyslexia refers to the difficulty in comprehending written words. It is a learning disorder that affects a person's ability to read, spell, and write. Individuals with dyslexia may have trouble recognizing and manipulating the sounds of language, which can make reading and writing challenging. This condition is not related to intelligence or vision problems, but rather to the way the brain processes information. People with dyslexia often benefit from specialized instruction and support to help them overcome these difficulties and develop effective reading and writing skills.

The word root "myel" is derived from the Greek word "myelos" which means bone marrow. Bone marrow is the soft, spongy tissue found inside the bones, responsible for producing red and white blood cells, as well as platelets. Therefore, "myel" refers to bone marrow in medical terminology.

The space between nerve cells is called a synapse. This is where the electrical signals generated by one neuron are transmitted to another neuron or to a muscle cell. At the synapse, neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron and bind to receptors on the postsynaptic neuron, allowing for the transmission of the signal. The synapse is a crucial component of the nervous system and plays a vital role in information processing and communication between neurons.

Narcolepsy is the correct answer because it is a medical condition characterized by sudden and uncontrollable episodes of sleep. Individuals with narcolepsy often experience excessive daytime sleepiness and may fall asleep at inappropriate times. The term "narcolepsy" is derived from the Greek words "narke" meaning numbness or stupor, and "lepsis" meaning seizure or attack. This term accurately describes the condition of being seized by sleep, distinguishing it from other options such as epilepsy (a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures), syncope (temporary loss of consciousness due to a lack of blood flow to the brain), and phobolepsy (a non-existent medical term).

The prefix "pan-" means all or entire. This can be seen in words like "panorama" (a view of all or a wide area), "pantheon" (a temple dedicated to all the gods), and "panacea" (a remedy that is supposed to cure all diseases).

Synovial joints allow the most movement between bones and occur in the knee, elbow, wrist, and shoulder. These joints are characterized by the presence of a synovial cavity, which contains synovial fluid that lubricates the joint and reduces friction. The articulating surfaces of the bones are covered with cartilage, and the joint is surrounded by a joint capsule. This type of joint allows for a wide range of movements, including flexion, extension, rotation, and abduction.

A cerebral aneurysm refers to the dilation or ballooning of a blood vessel supplying the brain. It occurs when the wall of the blood vessel weakens and bulges, potentially leading to a rupture and bleeding in the brain. This condition can be life-threatening and may cause symptoms such as severe headache, nausea, vomiting, and loss of consciousness. Prompt medical intervention is necessary to prevent complications and treat a cerebral aneurysm effectively.

Acrophobia refers to an abnormal fear of high places. This fear can cause intense anxiety and panic attacks when an individual is in or near tall buildings, bridges, or other elevated areas. People with acrophobia may experience symptoms such as dizziness, rapid heartbeat, sweating, and a strong urge to avoid heights. It is important to note that acrophobia is a specific phobia and is different from other phobias such as autophobia (fear of being alone), aerophobia (fear of flying), and agoraphobia (fear of open or crowded spaces).

Aphagia is the correct answer because it refers to the medical term for loss of the ability to eat. This condition can be caused by various factors such as neurological disorders, muscle weakness, or structural abnormalities in the throat or esophagus. People with aphagia may experience difficulty swallowing or a complete inability to eat, which can lead to malnutrition and other complications.

An osteoblast is a bone forming cell. Osteoblasts are responsible for synthesizing and secreting the proteins and other components needed to build new bone tissue. They play a crucial role in bone growth, development, and repair. Osteoblasts work in coordination with osteoclasts, which are responsible for breaking down old or damaged bone tissue. Osteoclasis refers to the process of bone fracture or the surgical procedure of breaking a bone, while osteoma refers to a benign tumor composed of bone tissue.

Myelitis refers to the inflammation of the spinal cord. This condition involves the swelling and irritation of the nerves within the spinal cord, leading to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, pain, and sensory disturbances. Inflammation of the spinal cord can be caused by infections, autoimmune disorders, or other underlying medical conditions. It is important to diagnose and treat myelitis promptly to prevent further damage to the spinal cord and alleviate symptoms.

The correct answer is "fasciotomy" because it is the only option that is spelled correctly according to medical terminology. The other options, "myoceole," "dyskinisia," and "cocycx," do not follow the standard spelling conventions used in medical terminology.

Psychosis is an incapacitating mental disorder characterized by a severe distortion of emotions, an inability to recognize reality, difficulties in relating to others, and an inability to cope with the normal demands of daily life. Unlike neurosis, which involves milder symptoms and a greater ability to function in daily life, psychosis is more severe and can lead to a complete loss of touch with reality. Dementia refers to a decline in cognitive function, while psychosomatic refers to physical symptoms that are caused by psychological factors. Therefore, the correct answer is psychosis.

Osteodystrophy refers to the abnormal formation of bone. This condition can occur due to various factors such as nutritional deficiencies, hormonal imbalances, or kidney disease. It is characterized by weakened and brittle bones, leading to an increased risk of fractures. Osteodystrophy can affect both children and adults, and treatment usually involves addressing the underlying cause and providing adequate nutrition and supplementation to support healthy bone formation.

Paresthesia is the correct answer because it refers to an abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without an objective cause. Hyperesthesia is the heightened sensitivity to sensory stimuli. Neuralgia is a sharp, severe pain along the course of a nerve. Neurasthenia is a condition characterized by fatigue, irritability, and anxiety. Therefore, paresthesia is the most appropriate term to describe the given symptoms.

The suffix "-desis" means surgical fixation or fusion. This suffix is commonly used in medical terms to indicate a procedure that involves stabilizing or fusing two or more bones or joints together. For example, arthrodesis is a surgical procedure that involves fusing a joint to provide stability. Therefore, the correct answer is "-desis".

The word root "esthes" means sensation or perception. This can be seen in words like anesthesia, which is the loss of sensation, and aesthesia, which refers to the perception of sensation. Therefore, "esthes" is the correct answer.

Osteopathy is a medical field that focuses on the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health, with an emphasis on preventative medicine. Osteopaths use manual techniques to diagnose and treat a variety of conditions, aiming to improve the body's natural healing abilities. This approach differs from orthotics, which involves the design and use of devices to support or correct musculoskeletal problems, podiatry, which specializes in foot and ankle health, and chiropractic, which primarily focuses on the spine and nervous system. Osteopathy encompasses a broader scope of the musculoskeletal system and its impact on overall health.

The periosteum is a membrane that covers the surface of bones, except at their articular surfaces. It is a dense connective tissue that contains blood vessels, nerves, and cells involved in bone growth and repair. The periosteum plays a crucial role in bone formation, providing a site for muscle attachment and supplying nutrients to the bone. It also acts as a protective layer, helping to prevent infections and injuries to the underlying bone. Therefore, the periosteum is the correct answer for the membrane that forms the covering of bones, except at their articular surfaces.

The combining form "somat/o" is derived from the Greek word "soma" which means "body". Therefore, "somat/o" refers to the body.

Tenorrhaphy is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical procedure of closing a tendon with sutures. This procedure is commonly performed to repair a torn or damaged tendon, allowing it to heal and regain its normal function. The other options, tenomyoplasty and myoplasty, involve the repair or reconstruction of both muscle and tendon, while osteoplasty refers to the surgical reshaping or reconstruction of bone.

Laminectomy is the correct answer because it involves the surgical removal of the lamina, which is a part of the vertebra, in order to relieve pressure on the herniated disk. This procedure helps to create more space for the spinal nerves and reduce pain caused by the herniation.

The cerebrum is the correct answer because it is the largest and most highly developed part of the brain. It is responsible for higher cognitive functions such as thinking, reasoning, memory, and language. It also plays a role in controlling voluntary movements and processing sensory information. The diencephalon is a part of the brain that includes the thalamus and hypothalamus, which are involved in relaying sensory information and regulating basic bodily functions. The cerebellum is responsible for coordinating movement and balance. The brainstem is the lower part of the brain that connects the cerebrum with the spinal cord and controls basic functions such as breathing and heart rate.

The correct answer is "diaphysis." The diaphysis refers to the shaft of a long bone, which is the long, cylindrical middle part of the bone. It is made up of compact bone tissue and contains the medullary cavity, where bone marrow is located. The epiphysis refers to the ends of the long bone, while the periosteum is the outer covering of the bone, and the endosteum lines the medullary cavity.

Autism is a mental disorder characterized by abnormal self-absorption. Individuals with autism often struggle with social interaction and communication, and may exhibit repetitive behaviors or have restricted interests. This disorder affects the way individuals perceive and interact with the world around them, leading to difficulties in forming relationships and understanding others' perspectives.

The word root "orth" is derived from the Greek word "orthos" which means "straight" or "correct." This root is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to things that are straight or correct, such as orthodontics (straightening of teeth) or orthopedics (treatment of disorders of the musculoskeletal system). Therefore, the correct answer is "straight."

The suffix -physis refers to growth. This can be seen in various medical terms such as osteophysis (abnormal bone growth) and symphysis (a type of joint that allows for slight movement during growth). Therefore, the correct answer is growth.

Radiculitis refers to the inflammation of a spinal nerve root. This condition can be caused by various factors such as compression, injury, or infection. It commonly leads to symptoms like pain, numbness, and weakness in the area of the affected nerve. Encephalitis refers to inflammation of the brain, polyneuritis refers to inflammation of multiple nerves, and meningitis refers to inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. Therefore, radiculitis is the correct answer in this case.