Medical Vocabulary Quiz 5

The prefix "brady-" is derived from the Greek word "bradys" which means slow. Therefore, when the prefix "brady-" is added to a word, it indicates that the word is related to slowness.

Insulin is essential for the maintenance of a normal level of blood sugar. It is a hormone produced by the pancreas that helps regulate glucose levels in the body. Insulin allows cells to take in glucose from the bloodstream and use it for energy or store it for later use. Without insulin, glucose cannot enter the cells effectively, leading to high blood sugar levels, which can eventually cause serious health complications such as diabetes.

The correct answer is endocrine. The endocrine gland produces internal secretions, which are hormones that are released directly into the bloodstream and have an effect on target cells throughout the body. Unlike exocrine glands, which release their secretions through ducts, endocrine glands do not have ducts and their secretions are transported through the bloodstream to reach their target cells. Examples of endocrine glands include the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, and adrenal glands.

Hypertension is the correct answer because it refers to persistently high blood pressure. Ischemia is a condition where there is a lack of blood supply to tissues, usually due to a blockage in the blood vessels. Cardiomyopathy is a disease of the heart muscle. Hypotension, on the other hand, refers to persistently low blood pressure. Therefore, hypertension is the most appropriate term for persistently high blood pressure.

The prefix "syn-" is derived from the Greek word "syn," which means "together" or "with." When added to a word, it indicates that something is happening or existing in conjunction or unity with something else. Therefore, the correct answer is "together."

An electrocardiogram is a recording of the electrical events associated with the beating of the heart. It is a non-invasive procedure that helps evaluate the heart's electrical activity and diagnose any abnormalities or conditions. An angiogram is a procedure that uses X-rays and a contrast dye to visualize the blood vessels, while an arteriogram specifically focuses on the arteries. An echocardiogram, on the other hand, uses ultrasound waves to create images of the heart's structure and function. Therefore, the correct answer for the given question is electrocardiogram.

The combining form 'crin/o' refers to the process of secretion. This can be inferred from the meaning of the word 'secrete', which means to produce and release a substance, typically a liquid, from a cell or gland. Therefore, 'crin/o' is associated with the act of secreting substances.

Tachycardia is the correct answer because it refers to a fast heartbeat. It is a condition where the heart beats faster than the normal resting heart rate. This can be caused by various factors such as stress, anxiety, exercise, or certain medical conditions. It is important to monitor and manage tachycardia as it can lead to complications if left untreated.

The suffix "-osis" means a condition of or a state of. It is commonly used to describe abnormal or diseased conditions in medical terminology. For example, "leukocytosis" refers to the condition of having an abnormally high number of white blood cells. Therefore, "-osis" is the correct answer as it accurately represents the meaning of "condition of" in medical terminology.

The combining form "Kal/o" is derived from the element "potassium". This is evident from the fact that "Kal/o" is used to refer to potassium in medical terminology, such as in terms like "hypokalemia" which means low potassium levels. Therefore, the correct answer is potassium.

The correct answer is cardiomegaly. Cardiomegaly refers to an abnormal enlargement of the heart. This can be caused by various factors, such as high blood pressure, heart valve problems, or heart muscle diseases. It is important to diagnose and treat cardiomegaly as it can lead to complications and affect the heart's ability to function properly.

Phlebitis refers to the inflammation of a vein. This condition occurs when a vein becomes irritated and inflamed, often due to a blood clot, infection, or injury. The inflammation can cause pain, redness, and swelling in the affected area. It is important to treat phlebitis promptly to prevent complications such as deep vein thrombosis.

Polydipsia is the medical term for excessive thirst. It is characterized by an abnormally increased thirst and a persistent desire to drink fluids. This condition can be a symptom of various underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes, kidney disease, or hormonal imbalances. Polydipsia is often accompanied by polyuria, which is excessive urination, as the body tries to eliminate the excess fluid intake. Polyglycia and polyphagia are not correct answers as they refer to excessive blood sugar levels and excessive hunger, respectively.

Cyanosis is a condition characterized by a bluish coloration of the skin. This discoloration occurs when there is a decreased amount of oxygen in the blood. It is typically a result of underlying medical conditions such as heart or lung problems, where the oxygen levels in the blood are compromised. The bluish coloration is most noticeable in areas with thinner skin, such as the lips, fingertips, and nail beds. Cyanosis is not associated with a hemangioma, yellow coloration of the skin, or a form of atherosclerosis.

A disturbance or abnormality of the heart's normal rhythmic cycle is known as a dysrhythmia. This term encompasses any irregularity in the heart's electrical activity, which can cause the heart to beat too fast (tachycardia), too slow (bradycardia), or in an irregular pattern. Dysrhythmias can be caused by various factors such as heart disease, electrolyte imbalances, medications, or genetic conditions. They can lead to symptoms such as palpitations, dizziness, shortness of breath, or chest pain. Treatment for dysrhythmias may include medication, lifestyle changes, or medical procedures to restore normal heart rhythm.

Thyrotoxicosis is the correct answer because it refers to a condition caused by excessive levels of thyroid hormone in the body. This condition typically occurs due to an overactive thyroid gland, which leads to symptoms such as weight loss, rapid heartbeat, irritability, and sweating. Myxedema, on the other hand, is a condition resulting from low thyroid hormone levels, while hyperinsulinism refers to excessive insulin production and acidosis is a condition characterized by increased acidity in the blood.

Aldosterone is a hormone that plays a crucial role in regulating body fluid balance and blood pressure. It is secreted by the adrenal cortex, which is the outer layer of the adrenal gland. The adrenal cortex is responsible for producing various hormones, including aldosterone, which acts on the kidneys to increase the reabsorption of sodium and water and promote the excretion of potassium. This helps to maintain the balance of electrolytes and fluid in the body, ultimately regulating blood pressure. The anterior pituitary and posterior pituitary do not secrete aldosterone, and the adrenal medulla is responsible for secreting adrenaline and noradrenaline, not aldosterone.

The pituitary gland is known as the "master gland" because it controls and regulates the functions of other endocrine glands in the body. It produces and releases various hormones that stimulate or inhibit the production of hormones in other glands, such as the thyroid gland, adrenal gland, and pancreas. This control over other glands allows the pituitary gland to maintain hormonal balance and regulate important bodily functions, including growth, metabolism, reproduction, and stress response.

The lab test results indicating low calcium levels suggest that the client has hypocalcemia. Hypocalcemia is a condition characterized by low levels of calcium in the blood. This can lead to various symptoms such as muscle cramps, twitching, numbness, and tingling. It can be caused by factors such as vitamin D deficiency, kidney disorders, or certain medications. Treatment typically involves addressing the underlying cause and may include calcium and vitamin D supplements.

Thrombosis refers to the condition where a blood clot forms and attaches to a blood vessel wall, causing obstruction. This can lead to reduced blood flow and potential complications depending on the location and size of the clot. Cyanosis refers to a bluish discoloration of the skin due to inadequate oxygenation, constriction refers to the narrowing of blood vessels, and embolism refers to the movement of a clot from one location to another.

The suffix '-drome' is derived from the Greek word "dromos," which means "a running course or race." Therefore, when added to a word, it indicates a condition or state related to running or movement. In this case, the correct answer is "run, running," as it accurately represents the meaning of the suffix '-drome'.

The word root "ather" means fat.

Angina pectoris is the correct answer because it refers to chest pain caused by a reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. This condition typically occurs when the coronary arteries, which supply blood to the heart, become narrowed or blocked. The insufficient blood supply leads to a temporary lack of oxygen and nutrients in the heart muscle, causing chest pain or discomfort. Angina pectoris is often triggered by physical exertion or emotional stress and is a common symptom of coronary artery disease.

Congestive heart failure is a chronic condition where the left ventricle of the heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. This leads to a buildup of fluid in the lungs and other parts of the body, causing symptoms such as shortness of breath, fatigue, and swelling. It is a common condition that can be caused by various factors, including coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, and heart valve problems. Treatment may involve lifestyle changes, medications, and in some cases, surgical interventions.

Parathyroidectomy is the surgical removal or excision of one or more parathyroid glands. The parathyroid glands are small glands located near the thyroid gland in the neck. These glands are responsible for producing parathyroid hormone (PTH), which helps regulate calcium and phosphorus levels in the body. Parathyroidectomy may be necessary if these glands are overactive or if there are tumors present. Removing one or more parathyroid glands can help restore normal hormone levels and alleviate symptoms associated with hyperparathyroidism.

Acromegaly is a condition characterized by the enlargement of the extremities, such as the hands, feet, and facial features, due to excessive growth hormone production in adults. This occurs when the pituitary gland produces too much growth hormone after the growth plates have closed. Unlike gigantism, which occurs in children and leads to overall excessive growth, acromegaly specifically affects the extremities. Cretinism, on the other hand, is a condition caused by an underactive thyroid gland in infancy, leading to stunted growth and intellectual disability. Dwarfism refers to a condition characterized by short stature.

Adenosis is the correct answer because it refers to an abnormal condition of a gland. The term "adrenalitis" specifically refers to inflammation of the adrenal gland, while "adrenopathy" refers to any disease or disorder of the adrenal gland. "Endocrinopathy" is a broader term that encompasses disorders of any endocrine gland, not just a specific gland. Therefore, "adenosis" is the most appropriate term for an abnormal condition of a gland in general.

The combining form "Natr/o" is used to refer to sodium.

Arteriosclerosis is the correct answer because it refers to the medical condition of hardening of the arteries. It is a chronic disease where the arteries become thickened and less elastic, leading to reduced blood flow. Arteriotome is not a medical term related to hardening of the arteries. Atheroma refers to a fatty deposit on the inner lining of an artery, which can contribute to arteriosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a related term, but it specifically refers to the buildup of plaque in the arteries.

The word root "aden" means gland.

The mitral or bicuspid valve is the correct answer because it is the valve located between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart. It consists of two flaps or cusps that open and close to allow blood to flow in one direction, from the atrium to the ventricle. This valve prevents the backflow of blood and ensures that it moves forward into the ventricle before being pumped out to the rest of the body.

Cardiac tamponade refers to the acute compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of fluid within the pericardial cavity. This accumulation of fluid puts pressure on the heart, preventing it from expanding fully and filling with blood. As a result, the heart's ability to pump blood efficiently is compromised. Cardiac tamponade can be a life-threatening condition and requires immediate medical intervention to relieve the pressure on the heart and restore normal cardiac function.

A local widening of an artery refers to an aneurysm. This condition occurs when there is a bulge or ballooning in the wall of an artery, usually caused by weakness in the blood vessel. Aneurysms can occur in various parts of the body, but are most commonly found in the aorta. If left untreated, an aneurysm can rupture and lead to serious complications or even death.

Blood pressure is the pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the vessels. This is a measure of the force that the blood exerts on the arteries as it is pumped around the body by the heart. Blood pressure is typically measured using two values: systolic pressure, which is the pressure when the heart is contracting, and diastolic pressure, which is the pressure when the heart is at rest. Pulse pressure is the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressure. Therefore, the correct answer is blood pressure.

Arrhythmia is the correct answer because it refers to a condition where there is a lack of rhythm in the heart beat. It can manifest as irregular, too fast, or too slow heart rhythms. Murmur refers to an abnormal sound in the heart, fibrillation is a specific type of arrhythmia characterized by rapid and irregular heartbeats, and palpitation refers to the sensation of an irregular or forceful heartbeat.

The suffix '-plasia' refers to the process of shaping or forming something. It is commonly used in medical terminology to describe abnormal growth or development of cells or tissues. For example, "dysplasia" refers to the abnormal development of cells, while "hyperplasia" refers to the excessive growth of cells. Therefore, the correct answer is "shape, formation".

The suffix "-gram" means recording. It is commonly used in medical terminology to refer to a written or graphical record of a specific measurement or activity. For example, electrocardiogram (ECG) is a recording of the electrical activity of the heart, while mammogram is a graphical representation of the breast tissue. Therefore, "-gram" is the correct suffix that means recording.

Doppler sonography is a type of ultrasound procedure that evaluates blood flow. It uses sound waves to measure the speed and direction of blood flow in blood vessels. This procedure is commonly used to determine the cause of a localized reduction in blood flow, such as in cases of blocked or narrowed blood vessels. Doppler sonography is a non-invasive and safe method for assessing blood flow and can provide valuable information for diagnosing and treating conditions affecting blood circulation.

Cretinism is the correct answer because it is a condition characterized by congenital hypothyroidism in children, leading to reduced mental development and dwarf-like physical stature. Acromegaly is a condition caused by excessive growth hormone production in adults, resulting in enlarged body parts. Hirsutism refers to excessive hair growth in women, often caused by hormonal imbalances. Myxedema is a term used to describe severe hypothyroidism in adults, which can cause symptoms such as fatigue, weight gain, and cold intolerance.

Thromboangiitis obliterans is the correct spelling of a medical term. This condition, also known as Buerger's disease, is a rare inflammatory disorder that affects the blood vessels, particularly in the arms and legs. It is characterized by the formation of blood clots, inflammation, and narrowing of the blood vessels, leading to reduced blood flow and tissue damage. This term is spelled correctly and refers to a specific medical condition.

Phlebotomy is the correct answer because it refers to the process of making an incision into a vein, typically to draw blood or administer intravenous therapy. Phlebectomy is the surgical removal of a vein, phlebitis is the inflammation of a vein, and phlebolith is a small, usually calcified, stone within a vein.

Tetany is caused by a deficiency of parathyroid hormone. Parathyroid hormone is responsible for regulating calcium levels in the blood. When there is a deficiency of this hormone, it can lead to low levels of calcium, which in turn causes increased excitability of nerves and muscle spasms. Growth hormone, calcitonin, and thyroxin do not play a direct role in regulating calcium levels and are therefore not the cause of tetany.

Radioiodine therapy is the correct answer because it involves the use of radioactive iodine to treat diseases of the thyroid gland, such as thyroid tumors. Radioactive iodine is taken orally and is absorbed by the thyroid gland. The radiation emitted by the radioactive iodine helps to destroy the abnormal thyroid tissue, reducing the size of the tumor or eliminating it altogether. This therapy is commonly used for conditions like hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer, as it is a targeted and effective treatment option.

The growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland. The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it produces and releases several important hormones that regulate various bodily functions. GH plays a crucial role in stimulating growth and development in children and adolescents, as well as regulating metabolism and maintaining healthy body composition in adults. The other options mentioned, such as the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, pineal gland, and thyroid gland, do not secrete growth hormone.

Endarterectomy is the correct answer because it refers to the surgical removal of plaque from an artery. Plaque is a buildup of cholesterol, fat, and other substances that can narrow or block the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow. Endarterectomy involves making an incision in the artery, removing the plaque, and then closing the artery. This procedure helps to restore blood flow and prevent further complications such as heart attacks or strokes. Aneurysmectomy, valvuloplasty, and arteriography are not related to the removal of plaque from an artery.

The term "adenohypophysis" is spelled correctly. The adenohypophysis is also known as the anterior pituitary gland, which is a part of the endocrine system. It is responsible for producing and releasing various hormones that regulate different bodily functions. The other options, "adrenelectomy," "calcipoenia," and "lutienizing hormone," are misspelled or incorrect medical terms.

Patent ductus arteriosus is a congenital defect in which the opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta, known as the ductus arteriosus, remains open after birth. Normally, the ductus arteriosus closes shortly after birth, but in the case of patent ductus arteriosus, it remains open, allowing blood to flow between the two major blood vessels. This can lead to increased blood flow to the lungs and strain on the heart. Treatment may involve medication or surgery to close the ductus arteriosus.