How's Your Medical Terminology Knowledge? Trivia Questions

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The statement is incorrect. Rods are responsible for vision in low light conditions and do not contribute to color vision. The cones in the eye are responsible for color vision. Therefore, the correct answer is false.

Explanation
The conjunctiva is not the covering of the eyeball, but rather a thin, transparent membrane that covers the front surface of the eye and lines the inside of the eyelids. It helps to lubricate the eye and protect it from foreign particles.

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Diplopia refers to a condition where a person sees two images of a single object. This means that they experience double vision. Therefore, the statement "Diplopia is double vision" is correct.

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There are six extraocular muscles in one eye. These muscles are responsible for controlling the movement of the eye, allowing it to move up, down, left, and right. They work together to coordinate eye movements and ensure clear vision.

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Photophobia is a condition characterized by an abnormal sensitivity or intolerance to light. People with photophobia may experience discomfort, pain, or even migraine headaches when exposed to bright lights. This sensitivity can be caused by various factors such as eye conditions, migraines, or certain medications. Therefore, the statement "Photophobia is sensitivity to light" is true, as it accurately describes the condition of being sensitive to light.

Explanation
The tympanic membrane is indeed the eardrum. It is a thin, cone-shaped membrane that separates the outer ear from the middle ear. It vibrates in response to sound waves, transmitting these vibrations to the middle ear where they are further amplified and transmitted to the inner ear. The eardrum plays a crucial role in the process of hearing.

Explanation
The intestines have three portions. The intestines are divided into three sections: the small intestine, the large intestine, and the rectum. The small intestine is responsible for absorbing nutrients from food, while the large intestine absorbs water and electrolytes and forms waste into feces. The rectum is the final portion of the intestines, where feces are stored before being eliminated from the body.

Explanation
The peritoneum is the lining of the abdominal cavity. It is a thin, transparent membrane that covers the organs and structures within the abdomen. It provides protection and support to these organs and helps to keep them in place. The peritoneum also produces a lubricating fluid that allows the organs to move smoothly against each other.

Explanation
Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used to break down kidney stones into smaller pieces, making them easier to pass through the urinary tract. This is done by using shock waves or laser beams to target and break the stones. Therefore, the statement that lithotripsy is the crushing of renal stones is true.

Explanation
The mouth's gums are called gingiva.

Explanation
GERDS stands for Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease, which is a chronic digestive disorder. It occurs when stomach acid or bile flows back into the esophagus, causing irritation and inflammation. This can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, chest pain, and difficulty swallowing. Gastritis, on the other hand, refers to inflammation of the stomach lining. While both conditions involve stomach-related issues, GERDS specifically involves the reflux of gastric juices into the esophagus. Therefore, the statement that GERDS is gastritis or too many gastric juices that erode the stomach is incorrect. The correct answer is True.

Explanation
Sublingual refers to a method of administration where medication is placed under the tongue for absorption into the bloodstream. This method is chosen because the sublingual area has a rich blood supply, allowing for rapid and efficient absorption of the medication. Therefore, the statement "Sublingual means beneath the tongue" is true as it accurately describes the sublingual route of administration.

Explanation
Dysphagia is not vomiting. Dysphagia refers to difficulty in swallowing or the sensation of food getting stuck in the throat or chest. Vomiting, on the other hand, is the forceful expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth. These are two distinct symptoms with different causes and mechanisms. Therefore, the statement that dysphagia is vomiting is false.

Explanation
The tricuspid valve is the first heart valve in the cardiac cycle. It is located between the right atrium and the right ventricle. During the cardiac cycle, the tricuspid valve opens to allow blood to flow from the right atrium into the right ventricle. This occurs during the diastole phase of the cardiac cycle. Once the right ventricle is filled with blood, the tricuspid valve closes to prevent backflow of blood into the right atrium during the systole phase. Therefore, the tricuspid valve plays a crucial role in ensuring proper blood flow through the heart.

Explanation
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle is known as the mitral valve. It is also called the bicuspid valve because it consists of two flaps or cusps. This valve allows blood to flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle and prevents backflow of blood into the atrium during ventricular contraction. The mitral valve plays a crucial role in maintaining the proper flow of blood through the heart and is essential for normal heart function.

Explanation
Capillaries are the smallest blood vessels in the body. They connect arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of oxygen, nutrients, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues. Capillaries have thin walls which enable the diffusion of substances, and their large surface area facilitates efficient exchange. Due to their small size, capillaries are found in almost all tissues and organs, ensuring that every cell in the body receives the necessary nutrients and oxygen while waste products are removed.

Explanation
The statement is false because an electrocardiogram (ECG) does not measure blood pressure. An ECG is a test that measures the electrical activity of the heart, providing information about the heart's rhythm and detecting any abnormalities. Blood pressure, on the other hand, is a measurement of the force exerted by the blood against the walls of the arteries. These are two distinct measurements that serve different purposes in assessing cardiovascular health.

Explanation
The statement is false because an ophthalmologist is not a heart doctor. An ophthalmologist is a medical doctor who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of eye diseases and disorders. On the other hand, a heart doctor is a cardiologist who specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases and disorders. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.

Explanation
The statement is true because "brady" is a prefix that means slow or sluggish. This can be seen in medical terms such as bradycardia, which refers to a slow heart rate. Therefore, the given answer is correct.

Explanation
The statement is true because "tachy" is a prefix derived from the Greek word "tachys," which means fast. Tachycardia is a medical term that refers to a rapid heart rate, where "tachy" indicates the fast heartbeat. Therefore, the word "tachy" does mean fast, as demonstrated in the example of tachycardia.

Explanation
An aneurysm is indeed an abnormal dilatation of a blood vessel, which means that the blood vessel becomes abnormally enlarged or bulges out. This weakening of the vessel wall can lead to a rupture, causing severe bleeding and potentially life-threatening consequences. Therefore, it is true that an aneurysm can rupture.

Explanation
Varicose veins occur when the valves in the veins become weak or damaged, causing blood to flow backward and pool in the veins. This pooling leads to the dilation or enlargement of the veins, resulting in the appearance of varicose veins. Therefore, the statement that varicose veins have faulty valves leading to dilation of the veins is true.

Explanation
Plasma is indeed the liquid portion of blood. It is a yellowish fluid that makes up about 55% of the total blood volume. Plasma contains various substances such as water, proteins, hormones, electrolytes, and waste products. It plays a crucial role in transporting nutrients, hormones, and waste products throughout the body, as well as in maintaining blood pressure and regulating body temperature. Therefore, the statement "Plasma is the liquid portion of blood" is true.

Explanation
B cells are the blood cells that produce antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that are part of the immune system and help to identify and neutralize foreign substances such as bacteria and viruses. B cells are a type of white blood cell, also known as leukocytes, that are responsible for producing these antibodies. They play a crucial role in the body's immune response and defense against infections. T cells, erythrocytes (red blood cells), and other types of leukocytes do not produce antibodies.

Explanation
Hemoglobin is a protein found in red blood cells (RBCs) that is responsible for carrying oxygen from the lungs to the rest of the body. It binds to oxygen in the lungs and releases it in tissues that need it for various metabolic processes. Therefore, it is correct to say that hemoglobin carries oxygen in an RBC.

Explanation
This statement is false because antibodies are not limited to just 7 types. In fact, there are several different types of antibodies, each with its own unique structure and function. Antibodies are a part of the immune system and are produced by B cells in response to the presence of antigens. They play a crucial role in fighting off infections and diseases by binding to specific antigens and marking them for destruction. The diversity of antibodies allows the immune system to effectively recognize and target a wide range of pathogens.

Explanation
Anemia is a condition characterized by a lower than normal number of red blood cells or a decrease in the amount of hemoglobin in the blood. Red blood cells and hemoglobin play a crucial role in carrying oxygen to the body's tissues. Therefore, when there is a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin, it can lead to symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and shortness of breath. Thus, the statement that anemia is a lack of red blood cells or hemoglobin is true.

Explanation
Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects white blood cells (WBCs). It is characterized by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells in the bone marrow, which then enter the bloodstream. These abnormal cells crowd out healthy blood cells, leading to a weakened immune system and other complications. Therefore, the statement that leukemia is cancer of WBCs is true.

Explanation
Hemophilia is a clotting disorder because it is characterized by a deficiency or absence of certain clotting factors in the blood. This means that individuals with hemophilia have difficulty forming blood clots, leading to prolonged bleeding even from minor injuries. This condition is typically inherited and affects mostly males. Treatment for hemophilia involves replacing the missing clotting factors through infusions or injections.

Explanation
Serum is the clear, yellowish fluid that remains after the clotting factors in plasma have been removed. It does not contain the proteins responsible for blood clotting. Therefore, the statement that serum is clotting factors removed from plasma is true.