Massage Therapy Certification Exam

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1. What is a general term for acute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by redness, eruptions, edema, scaling, and itching? 

Explanation

Dermatitis is a general term for acute or chronic skin inflammation characterized by redness, eruptions, edema, scaling, and itching. Dermabrasion is a surgical procedure to remove the outer layer of skin. Cellulitis is a bacterial skin infection. Cutaneous refers to anything related to the skin.

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About This Quiz
Massage Therapy Certification Exam - Quiz

This quiz assesses knowledge crucial for the massage therapy certification exam, covering acute diseases, muscle anatomy, endocrine functions, licensing, and psychological aspects of therapy. It is designed for... see moreprospective massage therapists to demonstrate their understanding of both theoretical and practical elements of their field. see less

2. Rapid shaking, quivering, trembling, or rocking movements applied with the fingertips, full hand, or an appliance is known as

Explanation

Vibration refers to the rapid shaking, quivering, trembling, or rocking movements applied with the fingertips, full hand, or an appliance. This technique is commonly used in massage therapy to stimulate blood flow, relax muscles, and relieve tension. It can be performed in various ways, such as using a vibrating device or manually applying pressure with the hands. Vibration is an effective technique for promoting relaxation and reducing muscle soreness.

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3. What is a synonym for a business license?

Explanation

An occupational license is a synonym for a business license. It is a legal document that grants permission to an individual or entity to engage in a specific occupation or profession. This license ensures that the person or business has met certain requirements and regulations to operate legally in a particular industry.

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4. Active movements performed by the client while the therapist assist throughout the range of motion or stretch are called

Explanation

Active assisted movements are active movements performed by the client while the therapist assists throughout the range of motion or stretch. This means that the client is actively participating in the movement, but the therapist is providing some level of support or assistance. This can be beneficial for clients who may have limited strength or mobility, as it allows them to still engage in the movement while receiving help from the therapist.

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5. In what order are the following sensations felt by most clients during cold applications?

Explanation

Most clients typically feel coldness first during cold applications, followed by a sensation of burning, stinging, or aching. Numbness is usually the last sensation experienced.

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6. What would be the best self-care treatment plan for a client with acute bursitis in the shoulder?

Explanation

Rest from activity and ice is the best self-care treatment plan for a client with acute bursitis in the shoulder. Bursitis is inflammation of the bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that cushions and lubricates joints. Resting from activity helps to reduce further irritation and inflammation of the bursa. Applying ice to the affected area helps to numb the pain, reduce swelling, and decrease inflammation. This combination of rest and ice can provide relief and promote healing for the client.

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7. A very precise and penetrating form of friction, popularized by Dr. James Cyriax of London, in which the direction of movement is across and perpendicular to the pattern of muscle fibers is known as

Explanation

Cross fiber friction is a precise form of friction that involves moving across and perpendicular to the pattern of muscle fibers. This technique was popularized by Dr. James Cyriax of London. It is used to target specific areas of tension or adhesions within the muscles, promoting increased blood flow and flexibility. By applying this technique, therapists can effectively break down scar tissue and release muscle knots, leading to pain relief and improved range of motion.

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8. Movements applied by the therapist while the client remains relaxed are

Explanation

Passive movements refer to the actions performed by the therapist on a relaxed client without any active participation from the client. In this scenario, the client remains passive while the therapist applies the movements. This can be beneficial in certain therapeutic settings where the client's muscles need to be stretched or mobilized without them exerting any effort. Active movements, active resisted movements, and active assisted movements all involve some level of client participation and effort, which is not the case with passive movements.

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9. The best thing a massage therapist can do to prevent the spread of infection is 

Explanation

Handwashing is the best thing a massage therapist can do to prevent the spread of infection. Regular and thorough handwashing helps to remove dirt, germs, and bacteria from the hands, reducing the risk of transmitting infections to clients. It is a simple and effective way to maintain proper hygiene and prevent the spread of diseases in a massage therapy setting.

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10. What is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor?

Explanation

Malignant is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor. Malignant tumors are characterized by their ability to invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. They are aggressive and can be life-threatening if not treated promptly. In contrast, benign tumors are non-cancerous and do not invade nearby tissues or spread to other parts of the body. Acute and chronic are terms used to describe the duration or severity of a disease or condition, but they are not specific to cancerous tumors.

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11. General full-body massage has been shown to stimulate vagal function.  Which of the following clients would most benefit from massage when the beneficial outcomes can be attributed to vagal nerve function?

Explanation

Massage has been shown to stimulate vagal function, which can have beneficial outcomes for various conditions. One of the conditions that can benefit from improved vagal nerve function is digestive disturbances. The vagus nerve plays a crucial role in regulating digestion, including controlling the production of stomach acid, promoting peristalsis, and regulating the release of digestive enzymes. By stimulating vagal function through massage, it can help improve digestion and alleviate symptoms such as bloating, gas, and indigestion. Therefore, a client with digestive disturbances would most benefit from massage in terms of vagal nerve function.

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12. The application of cycles of rhythmic lifting, squeezing, and releasing of tissue, working parallel to the muscle fibers, is known as

Explanation

Petrissage is the correct answer because it refers to the application of cycles of rhythmic lifting, squeezing, and releasing of tissue, working parallel to the muscle fibers. This technique is commonly used in massage therapy to help improve circulation, relax muscles, and relieve tension.

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13. A disease that has a specific beginning, signs, and symptoms that develop quickly, lasts a short time and then disappears is which of the following?

Explanation

An acute disease is characterized by a specific beginning, rapid development of signs and symptoms, and a short duration before resolving. This type of disease typically occurs suddenly and is often severe but does not last for an extended period of time. Unlike chronic diseases, which are long-lasting and may persist for months or years, acute diseases have a relatively short-term impact on an individual's health. Therefore, the given correct answer is "Acute disease".

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14. A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream is which of the following?

Explanation

An endocrine gland is a ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream. Unlike exocrine glands, which secrete their products through ducts to a specific location, endocrine glands release hormones into the bloodstream to be transported throughout the body. Therefore, an endocrine gland is the correct answer.

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15. What is the name for external application of heat for therapeutic purposes?

Explanation

Thermotherapy is the correct answer because it refers to the external application of heat for therapeutic purposes. This can include the use of hot packs, warm water baths, or heating pads to relieve pain, relax muscles, and promote healing. It is commonly used in physical therapy and rehabilitation to treat various conditions such as muscle strains, arthritis, and chronic pain.

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16. What is a synonym for malpractice insurance?

Explanation

Professional liability is a synonym for malpractice insurance because it refers to the insurance coverage that professionals, such as doctors, lawyers, and accountants, obtain to protect themselves against claims of negligence or errors in their professional services. Malpractice insurance specifically applies to healthcare professionals, while professional liability insurance is a broader term that encompasses various professions. Both terms essentially refer to the same concept of insurance coverage for professionals in case of claims or lawsuits related to their professional activities.

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17. When a person is in a horizontal position while lying face downward, this position is called

Explanation

When a person is lying face downward in a horizontal position, this position is called prone.

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18. Which of the following is NOT a guideline for proper body mechanics?

Explanation

"Get in front of your work" is not a guideline for proper body mechanics because it can lead to strain and injury. Proper body mechanics involve maintaining a neutral spine, using the legs to lift instead of the back, and avoiding excessive twisting or bending. Getting in front of the work can cause the individual to overreach or lean too far forward, putting unnecessary strain on the back and increasing the risk of injury. It is important to position oneself close to the work and maintain a stable and balanced posture while performing tasks.

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19. What is an injury that begins abruptly, usually has a recognizable cause, and is characterized by severe symptoms such as pain, swelling, tissue damage, and loss of function?

Explanation

An injury that begins abruptly, usually has a recognizable cause, and is characterized by severe symptoms such as pain, swelling, tissue damage, and loss of function is referred to as acute. This term is used to describe injuries that occur suddenly and have a short duration. Unlike chronic injuries that develop over time, acute injuries occur immediately after a specific incident or trauma. The symptoms associated with acute injuries are often intense and can significantly impact the affected individual's daily life and functioning.

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20. If a client is lying horizontally on his or her back, in what position is he or she?

Explanation

If a client is lying horizontally on his or her back, they are in the supine position. The supine position refers to lying flat on the back with the face and torso facing upward. In this position, the client's limbs are relaxed and extended, with the palms facing upward. This position is commonly used in medical examinations and procedures as it allows for easy access to the front of the body.

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21. Recumbent position preferred for pregnancy, for some elderly people, in cases of recent surgeries, as well as for various other conditions is called

Explanation

The recumbent position is often preferred for pregnancy, elderly individuals, and post-surgery patients due to its comfort and safety. The side-lying position allows for better blood circulation, reduces pressure on the abdomen, and prevents the risk of supine hypotensive syndrome in pregnant women. It also helps in preventing pressure ulcers and allows for easier breathing for individuals with respiratory conditions. Therefore, the side-lying position is the correct answer in this context.

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22. Which of the following is NOT indicated for massage?

Explanation

Jaundice is a condition characterized by yellowing of the skin and eyes due to a buildup of bilirubin in the body. It is caused by liver dysfunction or blockage of the bile ducts. Massage is contraindicated in individuals with jaundice because it can potentially put additional strain on the liver and worsen the condition. Therefore, it is not indicated for massage.

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23. For the distal attachment of a muscle to move more efficiently, the proximal attachment must

Explanation

For the distal attachment of a muscle to move more efficiently, the proximal attachment must be fixed. This means that the proximal attachment of the muscle needs to be stable and immobile in order for the distal attachment to move effectively. If the proximal attachment is not fixed, it can lead to instability and inefficient movement of the distal attachment.

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24. Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapulaInsertion: greater tubercle of the humerusAction: laterally rotates the shoulder

Explanation

The infraspinatus muscle originates from the infraspinous fossa of the scapula and inserts into the greater tubercle of the humerus. Its main action is to laterally rotate the shoulder. This means that it helps to rotate the arm away from the body. Therefore, the correct answer is Infraspinatus.

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25. A biological agent capable of causing disease is 

Explanation

A biological agent capable of causing disease is called a pathogen. Pathogens are microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites that can invade the body and cause illness or disease. They have the ability to reproduce and multiply within the host, disrupting normal bodily functions and potentially leading to various symptoms and health complications. Understanding pathogens and their mechanisms of infection is crucial in the field of medicine for the development of effective treatments and preventive measures against infectious diseases.

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26. Which of the following best describes a state of exhaustion or a loss of strength or endurance such as that felt after strenuous physical activity?

Explanation

Muscle fatigue is the best description for a state of exhaustion or a loss of strength or endurance after strenuous physical activity. This term refers to the temporary inability of a muscle to generate force or sustain a contraction. It is commonly experienced as a feeling of tiredness, weakness, or heaviness in the muscles. This condition occurs due to the depletion of energy stores, accumulation of metabolic waste products, and the inability of the muscle fibers to contract efficiently.

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27. What is the concept of energy called in India?

Explanation

Prana is a concept in Indian philosophy and medicine that refers to the life force or vital energy that permeates all living beings. It is believed to be responsible for maintaining physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Prana is considered to be the fundamental energy that sustains life and is associated with breath and the flow of energy within the body. It is often used in practices such as yoga and meditation to balance and harmonize the body and mind.

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28. Unintentional physical or emotional harm sustained by the client resulting from lack of knowledge or insensitivity on the therapist's behalf is

Explanation

Client neglect refers to the unintentional physical or emotional harm that a client may experience due to the therapist's lack of knowledge or insensitivity. This can occur when the therapist fails to provide appropriate care or attention to the client's needs, resulting in harm or neglect. It is important for therapists to be aware of their clients' needs and to ensure that they are providing adequate support and care to prevent client neglect.

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29. Which of the following best describes petrissage?

Explanation

Petrissage is a massage technique that involves cycles of rhythmic lifting, squeezing, and releasing of tissue, working parallel to the muscle fibers. This technique helps to increase circulation, relax muscles, and reduce tension. It is commonly used in deep tissue massage to break up knots and adhesions in the muscles.

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30. A client has a sprain of the calcaneofibular ligament.  It is a grade two sprain in the subacute healing phase.  The main injury force was tension.  Which of the following is contraindicated?

Explanation

Inverting the foot and stretching is contraindicated in a client with a sprain of the calcaneofibular ligament. Inversion of the foot involves turning the sole of the foot inward, which can put strain on the injured ligament and potentially worsen the sprain. Stretching the foot in this position can further aggravate the ligament and delay the healing process. Therefore, it is important to avoid inverting the foot and stretching in order to promote proper healing and prevent further damage.

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31. Which of the following Japanese bodywork therapies uses pressure on the surface of the skin along energy channels called meridians to regain and maintain a harmonic flow of energy throughout the body/mind/spirit?

Explanation

Shiatsu is a Japanese bodywork therapy that uses pressure on the surface of the skin along energy channels called meridians to regain and maintain a harmonic flow of energy throughout the body/mind/spirit. It is based on the principles of traditional Chinese medicine and aims to balance the body's energy, promote relaxation, and improve overall well-being. Shiatsu practitioners apply pressure using their fingers, thumbs, palms, and elbows to specific points on the body, stimulating the flow of energy and promoting healing.

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32. What type of muscle contraction is usually involved with stabilization?

Explanation

Isometric muscle contraction is usually involved with stabilization. Isometric contraction occurs when the muscle contracts but does not change in length, meaning there is no movement at the joint. This type of contraction is commonly used to maintain posture and stabilize the body during activities such as holding a plank or balancing on one leg. During isometric contractions, the muscle generates force without actually moving the joint, making it ideal for providing stability.

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33. What is the principal neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction?

Explanation

Acetylcholine is the principal neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction. It is released from motor neurons at the neuromuscular junction, where it binds to receptors on muscle fibers, leading to muscle contraction. Dopamine, epinephrine, and catecholamines are not directly involved in muscle contraction and have different functions in the nervous system and body.

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34. The term used to refer to someone who is 70 years of age or older is

Explanation

The term used to refer to someone who is 70 years of age or older is "geriatric." Geriatric is a medical term that specifically relates to the healthcare of elderly individuals. It encompasses the physical, mental, and social aspects of aging and is used to describe the medical specialty that focuses on the care of older adults. This term is commonly used in healthcare settings to provide specialized care and support for the unique needs of older individuals.

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35. Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, posterior proximal humeral shaft, posterior distal humeral shaftInsertion: olecranon processAction: extend the elbow, extends and adducts the shoulder

Explanation

The triceps brachii is the correct answer because its origin is the infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, posterior proximal humeral shaft, and posterior distal humeral shaft. Its insertion is the olecranon process. The triceps brachii is responsible for extending the elbow and also extends and adducts the shoulder.

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36. Relative to the mover force, what is the resistance force?

Explanation

The resistance force is described as an antagonistic force because it opposes or acts in the opposite direction to the mover force. In other words, it creates a counterforce that hinders or resists the movement caused by the mover force. This opposition between the two forces creates a dynamic equilibrium where the net force is zero, resulting in a balanced state.

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37. What term best describes touching with purpose and intent?

Explanation

Palpation is the term that best describes touching with purpose and intent. It refers to the act of using the hands or fingers to examine or explore a patient's body in order to assess the condition, locate abnormalities, or gather information. Palpation is commonly used in medical examinations, such as feeling for swollen lymph nodes or checking for tenderness in specific areas. It requires deliberate and intentional touch to gather important diagnostic information.

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38. What is a synonym for premise liability?

Explanation

General liability is a synonym for premise liability because both terms refer to the legal responsibility that a person or entity has for any injuries or damages that occur on their premises. This includes accidents or incidents that happen to visitors, customers, or employees. General liability insurance covers these types of claims, making it the most appropriate synonym for premise liability.

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39. If a person lifts his or her arm into the air and this motion occurs at the shoulder joint, which of the following describes what happens to the hand?

Explanation

When a person lifts their arm into the air, the hand "goes along for the ride". This means that the hand does not actively move or change its position or location in space. Instead, it simply follows the motion of the arm at the shoulder joint without any independent movement.

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40. What is a reflexive impulse that causes the affected muscle or adjacent muscle to fire spontaneously?

Explanation

A local twitch response is a reflexive impulse that causes the affected muscle or adjacent muscle to fire spontaneously. This involuntary muscle contraction is often triggered by a stimulus, such as pressure or stretching, and can be observed as a visible twitch or spasm. It is a localized response that occurs within the muscle itself and is not influenced by signals from the brain.

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41. Which one of the following is true?

Explanation

Antagonists always lengthen refers to the fact that when one muscle contracts (the agonist), the opposing muscle (the antagonist) relaxes and lengthens. This is a fundamental principle in muscle physiology and allows for smooth and coordinated movement. When the agonist muscle contracts, it pulls on the tendons, which in turn stretches the antagonist muscle and allows for a full range of motion. Therefore, it can be concluded that antagonists always lengthen during muscle contraction.

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42. Blood pressure generally decreases during massage because

Explanation

During a massage, the body's relaxation response is triggered, leading to the release of certain chemicals that cause the blood vessels to widen or dilate, a process known as vasodilation. This increased diameter of the blood vessels allows for improved blood flow and circulation, which in turn reduces blood pressure. As a result, the heart does not need to work as hard to pump blood throughout the body, leading to a decrease in blood pressure.

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43. During massage application, while kneading the tissue, the massage practitioner notices that the pliability increases.  The client is pleased with the increase in flexibility.  Which of the following best describes this benefit?

Explanation

The thixotropic nature of ground substance refers to the property of certain tissues and fluids in the body that become less viscous and more fluid when pressure or force is applied to them. In the context of massage, when the massage practitioner kneads the tissue, it applies pressure to the ground substance, causing it to become less viscous and more pliable. This increased pliability leads to an increase in flexibility, which is why the client is pleased with the result.

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44. The spreading of cancerous cells to other parts of the body is called

Explanation

Metastasis refers to the process where cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to other parts of the body through the bloodstream or lymphatic system. This is a key characteristic of malignant tumors and is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths. The term "pathogenic" refers to disease-causing agents in general, while "microbic" pertains to microorganisms. "Benign" describes non-cancerous tumors that do not invade surrounding tissues or spread to other areas. Therefore, the correct answer is "Metastasis" as it specifically denotes the spreading of cancer cells.

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45. Which of the following is true?

Explanation

Antagonists always lengthen because they are the muscles that oppose the action of the agonist muscles during movement. When the agonist muscle contracts and shortens to produce movement, the antagonist muscle relaxes and lengthens to allow for the desired movement to occur. This reciprocal relationship between agonist and antagonist muscles is essential for coordinated and controlled movement.

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46. Origins: linea aspera (lateral lip), gluteal tuberosityInsertions: tibial tuberosityAction: extends the knee

Explanation

The vastus lateralis is the correct answer because it is one of the four muscles listed that has the action of extending the knee. The origins of the vastus lateralis are the linea aspera (lateral lip) and the gluteal tuberosity, and its insertion is the tibial tuberosity.

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47. Which of the following actions does a functional group of muscles located within the sagittal plane have?

Explanation

A functional group of muscles located within the sagittal plane allows for flexion or extension. This means that these muscles are responsible for bending or straightening a joint. Flexion refers to the movement that decreases the angle between two body parts, while extension refers to the movement that increases the angle between two body parts.

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48. Which of the following best describes what may not be felt until 8 to 14 hours later, reaching a peak 48 hours after activity?

Explanation

Delayed-onset muscle soreness refers to the muscle pain and stiffness that is felt 8 to 14 hours after physical activity and reaches its peak 48 hours later. This type of muscle soreness is different from immediate muscle soreness, which is felt immediately after intense exercise. Ischemia refers to a lack of blood supply to tissues, and creatine activity refers to the production and use of creatine in the body. Therefore, the correct answer is delayed-onset muscle soreness.

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49. Which of the following actions does a functional group of muscles located within the transverse plane have?

Explanation

A functional group of muscles located within the transverse plane allows for right rotation or left rotation. The transverse plane divides the body into upper and lower halves and any movement that occurs along this plane involves rotation. Therefore, the muscles in this group are responsible for rotating the body or body parts either to the right or to the left.

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50. Repetitive staccato striking movements of the hands, moving either simultaneously or alternately, is called

Explanation

Tapotement refers to repetitive staccato striking movements of the hands, which can be done simultaneously or alternately. This technique is commonly used in massage therapy to stimulate and invigorate the muscles. It involves rhythmic tapping, pounding, or hacking motions, which help improve blood circulation, relieve tension, and promote relaxation.

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51. What is the reverse action when the brachialis contracts and shortens?

Explanation

When the brachialis muscle contracts and shortens, it causes flexion of the arm at the elbow joint. This means that the angle between the upper arm and the forearm decreases, bringing the forearm closer to the upper arm. The other options are incorrect because they involve different joints or body parts.

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52. What direction is the direction in which pressure should be applied when working on the extremities?

Explanation

When working on the extremities, pressure should be applied centripetally. This means that the pressure should be applied towards the center of the body or towards the heart. Applying pressure in this direction helps to improve blood circulation and lymphatic flow, which can aid in reducing swelling and promoting healing.

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53. According to Ayurveda, what is the term used to denote a person's constitution?

Explanation

Prakriti is the term used in Ayurveda to denote a person's constitution. It refers to an individual's unique physical and psychological characteristics, which are determined by the balance of the three doshas - Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Understanding one's Prakriti helps in tailoring personalized diet, lifestyle, and treatment plans to maintain optimal health and prevent diseases. Dhatus refer to the body tissues, Mala refers to waste products, and Chakra refers to energy centers in the body, which are not directly related to a person's constitution.

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54. Injuries related to inefficient biomechanics; a constant motion, combined with compressive forces, causing injury to soft tissues are referred to as

Explanation

Repetitive motion injuries refer to injuries that occur due to repetitive movements or motions, often in the workplace. These injuries are caused by inefficient biomechanics, where constant motion combined with compressive forces lead to damage or injury to the soft tissues. Unlike congenital injuries (present at birth), deficiency injuries (caused by a lack of essential nutrients), or acute injuries (resulting from sudden trauma), repetitive motion injuries develop over time due to the repetitive nature of the motion.

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55. Origins: ribs 1-9 (lateral to costal cartilage)Insertion: anterior medial border of the scapulaActions: protracts, upwardly rotates, and depresses the scapulaNote: one of the "boxer's muscles"

Explanation

The correct answer is Serratus Anterior. The serratus anterior muscle originates from ribs 1-9 and inserts on the anterior medial border of the scapula. It is responsible for protracting, upwardly rotating, and depressing the scapula. It is also known as one of the "boxer's muscles".

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56. Origin: distal anterior humeral shaftInsertion: ulnar tuberosity, coronoid process of the ulnarAction: flexes the elbow

Explanation

The brachialis muscle originates from the distal anterior humeral shaft and inserts into the ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of the ulna. Its main action is to flex the elbow. Therefore, the correct answer is Brachialis.

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57. Origin: inferior border of the rib (above)Insertion: superior border of rib (below)Actions: elevates the rib cage during inhalation, maintains intercostal spaces

Explanation

The external intercostals are the correct answer because they are the muscles that originate from the inferior border of the rib above and insert into the superior border of the rib below. These muscles are responsible for elevating the rib cage during inhalation and maintaining the intercostal spaces. The other options listed do not have the same origin, insertion, or actions as described.

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58. Considered a light effleurage, this massage stroke is feather-light finger tracing over the skin with the direction of movement always down the body.

Explanation

A nerve stroke is a massage stroke that involves feather-light finger tracing over the skin with the direction of movement always down the body. This stroke is considered a light effleurage technique. It is believed to stimulate the nerves and provide a soothing and relaxing effect.

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59. Which of the following chakras corresponds to the element of water?

Explanation

The Sacral chakra corresponds to the element of water. This chakra is located in the lower abdomen and is associated with emotions, creativity, sexuality, and pleasure. Water is often seen as a symbol of emotions and fluidity, which aligns with the qualities of the Sacral chakra.

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60. What is the result of a Golgi tendon organ reflex?

Explanation

The Golgi tendon organ reflex is a protective mechanism that prevents excessive tension on muscles. When the Golgi tendon organ detects high tension in a muscle, it sends inhibitory signals to the muscle, causing it to relax. This helps to prevent muscle damage or injury. Therefore, the correct answer is that the muscle relaxes in response to a Golgi tendon organ reflex.

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61. Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerusInsertion: palmar aponeurosisActions: flexes the wrist; cups (tenses) the palm

Explanation

The correct answer is Palmaris longus. The given information states that the muscle originates from the medial epicondyle of the humerus and inserts into the palmar aponeurosis. It also mentions that the muscle's actions include flexing the wrist and cupping/tensing the palm. The Palmaris longus muscle fits all these criteria, making it the correct answer.

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62. In which of these joints is movement absent or extremely limited?

Explanation

Synarthrotic joints are joints where movement is absent or extremely limited. This type of joint allows for very little or no movement at all. Examples of synarthrotic joints include the sutures in the skull and the joint between the teeth and the sockets in the jawbone. These joints provide stability and support to the body but do not allow for much mobility.

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63. What principle describes the fact that the pectoralis major can adduct the arm at the shoulder joint when the arm is in anatomic position but abduct the arm if it is already abducted above 100 degrees?

Explanation

The correct answer is "The line of pull of the muscle relative to the joint changed." This principle explains that the pectoralis major muscle can adduct the arm at the shoulder joint when it is in anatomic position because the line of pull of the muscle is aligned with the joint. However, when the arm is already abducted above 100 degrees, the line of pull of the muscle changes, allowing it to abduct the arm. This change in the line of pull is what enables the muscle to perform different actions depending on the position of the arm.

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64. What is one of the most potent techniques in hydrotherapy?

Explanation

The contrast method is one of the most potent techniques in hydrotherapy. This method involves alternating between hot and cold water or applications to stimulate blood circulation, boost the immune system, and promote healing. The contrast between hot and cold temperatures helps to expand and contract blood vessels, improving blood flow and oxygenation to the tissues. This technique is commonly used to treat musculoskeletal injuries, reduce inflammation, and relieve pain.

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65. Origin: temporal fossaInsertion: coronoid process of the mandibleActions: elevates and retracts the mandible

Explanation

The temporalis muscle is responsible for elevating and retracting the mandible. It originates from the temporal fossa and inserts into the coronoid process of the mandible. This muscle is involved in the closing and moving of the jaw during chewing and speaking.

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66. Pyloric sphincter allows transport of what substance?

Explanation

The pyloric sphincter allows the transport of chyme. Chyme is a semi-fluid mixture of partially digested food and stomach acid that is produced in the stomach. The pyloric sphincter is located at the lower end of the stomach and regulates the release of chyme into the small intestine for further digestion and absorption of nutrients.

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67. What is the structural classification of the proximal radioulnar joint?

Explanation

The structural classification of the proximal radioulnar joint is pivot. A pivot joint allows for rotation around a central axis, such as the rotation of the radius bone around the ulna bone in the forearm. This type of joint allows for movement in only one plane, making it suitable for rotational movements.

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68. The sensual bond to another that involves choice, mutuality, reciprocity, trust and delight is

Explanation

Intimacy refers to a deep emotional connection and closeness between two individuals that involves choice, mutuality, reciprocity, trust, and delight. It is a sensual bond that goes beyond physical attraction and involves a sense of vulnerability and emotional openness. Intimacy is built on shared experiences, understanding, and a willingness to be authentic and present with one another. It requires trust and a sense of safety in order to truly connect on a deep level.

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69. Which of the following is a skin-scraping technique to help expel excess heat or remove energy stagnation?

Explanation

Gua-Sha is a skin-scraping technique that is used to expel excess heat or remove energy stagnation in the body. It involves using a smooth-edged tool to apply pressure and scrape the skin, which helps to increase blood flow and release toxins. This technique is commonly used in traditional Chinese medicine to promote healing and relieve pain. Cupping and moxibustion are other techniques used in traditional Chinese medicine, but they do not involve scraping the skin like Gua-Sha does. Tai Ji, on the other hand, is a form of martial art and exercise, and is not related to skin-scraping techniques.

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70. Which of the following is indicated for massage?

Explanation

Gastritis is indicated for massage because massage can help improve blood circulation, relax the muscles, and reduce inflammation in the stomach lining. It can also help alleviate symptoms such as nausea and abdominal pain associated with gastritis. However, it is important to note that massage should only be done by a trained professional and with the approval of a healthcare provider, as it may not be suitable for everyone depending on the severity of the condition.

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71. What is the concept of energy called in Japanese?

Explanation

In Japanese, the concept of energy is called "Ki". Ki is believed to be the life force or vital energy that flows through all living beings. It is considered essential for maintaining physical, emotional, and spiritual well-being. This concept is similar to the Chinese concept of "Qi" and the Indian concept of "Prana". Ki is often associated with balance, harmony, and the overall health of an individual.

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72. During massage, respiration is affected how and by what mechanism?

Explanation

During a massage, respiration is affected by the stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system. The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for promoting relaxation and rest, and it slows down bodily functions. Stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system leads to a decrease in respiration rate, allowing the body to enter a more relaxed state.

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73. Which of the following defines a business' accounts payable, payments owed on business loans within one year, accrued expenses such as salaries, wages, and commisions owed, and unpaid taxes?

Explanation

Current liabilities refer to the debts and obligations that a business is expected to pay within a year. This includes accounts payable, which are payments owed to suppliers for goods or services received, as well as accrued expenses such as salaries, wages, and commissions owed to employees. It also includes unpaid taxes that the business is required to pay. Therefore, the correct answer is current liabilities.

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74. One of the principles of massage especially for relaxation is focused rhythmic application in a quiet environment.  Music may be part of the physiologic influence.  What physical phenomenon is involved?

Explanation

Entrainment refers to the synchronization of rhythms between two or more systems. In the context of massage, it means that the rhythmic application of massage techniques and the soothing music create a harmonious and synchronized experience for the client. The music helps to establish a steady rhythm and pace for the massage, enhancing the relaxation effect. This synchronization of rhythms between the massage techniques and the music can have a physiological influence on the client, promoting relaxation and overall well-being.

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75. According to traditional Ayurveda, what is a word that means "that which changes all, is constantly moving in dynamic balance, one with the others"?

Explanation

According to traditional Ayurveda, the word "Dosha" represents the concept of dynamic balance and constant movement. In Ayurvedic medicine, Dosha refers to the three fundamental energies or principles that govern the body and mind. These energies, known as Vata, Pitta, and Kapha, are constantly changing and interacting with each other to maintain harmony and overall health. Therefore, Dosha aligns with the description of "that which changes all, is constantly moving in dynamic balance, one with the others."

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76. What type of glove material is recommended for use with oil-based massage lubricants?

Explanation

Vinyl is the recommended glove material for use with oil-based massage lubricants because vinyl gloves are resistant to oil and provide a good barrier against it. They are also more durable and less likely to tear or puncture when in contact with oil-based substances compared to other materials like latex or silicone. This makes vinyl gloves a suitable choice for maintaining hygiene and preventing the transfer of oil-based lubricants during massage sessions.

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77. Who is regarded as the Father of Hydrotherapy?

Explanation

Father Sebastian Kneipp is regarded as the Father of Hydrotherapy because he significantly contributed to the development and popularization of this form of therapy. He was a German priest and naturopath who believed in the healing power of water. Kneipp developed a system of hydrotherapy that involved the use of water in various forms, such as baths, compresses, and sprays, to treat different ailments. He also emphasized the importance of nutrition, exercise, and herbal remedies in maintaining good health. Kneipp's methods gained widespread recognition and are still used today in the field of hydrotherapy.

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78. By which week in pregnant women can the hormone production of relaxin be sufficient to produce ligament laxity and affect joint stability?

Explanation

During pregnancy, the hormone relaxin is produced to loosen the ligaments and joints in preparation for childbirth. By the 10th week of pregnancy, the hormone production of relaxin can be sufficient to produce ligament laxity and affect joint stability. This means that the ligaments and joints become more flexible and loose, which can lead to increased mobility and potential instability in the joints.

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79. If a more intimate relationship is desired by the therapist and client, NCBTMB recommends discontinuing the client-therapist relationship for

Explanation

The correct answer is six months before the new relationship is initiated. The National Certification Board for Therapeutic Massage and Bodywork (NCBTMB) recommends a six-month period of discontinuing the client-therapist relationship before initiating a more intimate relationship. This time frame allows for a sufficient break in the therapeutic relationship to ensure that both parties can approach the new relationship with clarity and objectivity. It helps to maintain ethical boundaries and avoid potential conflicts of interest or power dynamics that may arise from a transition to an intimate relationship.

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80. When a client's physical body "remembers" a past traumatic event, these repressed memories may come to the conscious mind through the mechanism of 

Explanation

State Dependent memory refers to the phenomenon where memory retrieval is enhanced when an individual is in the same state or condition as they were during the initial encoding of the memory. In the context of the given explanation, when a client's physical body "remembers" a past traumatic event, it suggests that the client may experience a similar state or condition (such as a physical sensation or emotional state) that was present during the traumatic event. This state-dependent memory can trigger the retrieval of repressed memories, bringing them to the conscious mind.

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81. If a physician refers a client to a massage therapist, the therapist must honor

Explanation

When a physician refers a client to a massage therapist, the therapist must honor the physician's code of ethics. This means that the therapist is expected to adhere to the ethical guidelines set by the physician in order to provide appropriate and effective care for the client. The physician's code of ethics serves as a framework for the therapist's actions and decisions in this scenario, ensuring that the client receives the best possible treatment.

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82. According to Dr. David Simons, what percentage of trigger points refer pain distally from the site of the trigger point when pressure is applied?

Explanation

Dr. David Simons suggests that when pressure is applied to trigger points, 73% of the time the pain will be referred distally from the site of the trigger point. This means that the pain will be felt in a different area of the body, away from where the trigger point is located.

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83. If a therapist has broken skin on the fingers, hands, forearms, or elbows or comes into contact with the body fluids such as blood, mother's milk, or semen, the handwashing procedure should take how long?

Explanation

If a therapist has broken skin or comes into contact with body fluids such as blood, mother's milk, or semen, the handwashing procedure should take two minutes. This is because it is important to thoroughly clean and disinfect the affected areas to prevent the spread of any potential infections or diseases. The extended duration of two minutes ensures that all areas are properly cleaned and reduces the risk of contamination.

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84. Who is the Dutch physician who promoted Swedish massage using the western medical model and is given credit for introducing and popularizing the use of French terminology into the profession?

Explanation

Johann Mezger is the correct answer because he was a Dutch physician who played a significant role in promoting Swedish massage using the western medical model. He is credited with introducing and popularizing the use of French terminology into the profession, which is still widely used in massage therapy today. Mezger's contributions helped establish a standardized system for the techniques and terminology used in massage therapy, making him an important figure in the field.

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85. Which of the following are two variations used in the contrast method?

Explanation

The contrast method is a technique used to highlight differences between two or more things. The two variations used in the contrast method are the alternate method and the simultaneous method. In the alternate method, the two things being compared are presented one after the other, allowing the audience to compare and contrast them. In the simultaneous method, the two things being compared are presented side by side, allowing for a direct visual comparison. These two variations provide different approaches to highlighting contrasts and can be used depending on the specific context and purpose of the comparison.

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86. A list of guiding principles by which members of an organization conduct their day-to-day responsibilities within their scope of practice is called

Explanation

Standards of practice refer to a set of guidelines or principles that outline the expected behaviors and responsibilities of individuals within an organization. These standards serve as a framework for professionals to ensure they are delivering high-quality services and adhering to ethical and legal obligations. They provide a benchmark for professional conduct and help maintain consistency and accountability within the organization. Unlike a code of ethics, which focuses on moral principles, standards of practice specifically outline the expectations and requirements for carrying out specific job duties and responsibilities.

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87. Postural stabilization muscles tend to be

Explanation

Postural stabilization muscles are responsible for maintaining the body's balance and stability. These muscles need to be closer to the skeletal structure and have a deeper position in order to provide better support and control over the body's movements. Being smaller in size allows them to have more precise control and fine-tuning of the body's posture. Therefore, the correct answer is "smaller and deeper."

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88. Which of the following is locally indicated for massage?

Explanation

Wart is locally indicated for massage because massage can help stimulate blood flow to the affected area and promote healing. Massaging the wart can also help to break down the tissue and reduce its size. Additionally, massage can help to relieve any discomfort or pain associated with the wart. However, it is important to note that massage should be done with caution and under the guidance of a healthcare professional to avoid spreading the wart or causing any further damage.

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89. Which of the three doshas is made up of the elements fire and water?

Explanation

Pitta is made up of the elements fire and water. This dosha is associated with metabolism, digestion, and transformation within the body. Fire represents the transformative and metabolic processes, while water represents the fluidity and cooling aspects. Pitta dosha governs the body's digestion, absorption, and assimilation of nutrients, as well as regulating body temperature and maintaining hormonal balance.

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90. A flexible tube that is inserted and sewn into a large vein (usually the right subclavian vein in the upper chest) and left in place for an extended period is a(n)

Explanation

A central venous catheter is a flexible tube that is inserted and sewn into a large vein, usually the right subclavian vein in the upper chest. It is left in place for an extended period to allow for the administration of medications, fluids, or blood products, as well as to monitor central venous pressure. This type of catheter is commonly used in critical care settings or for patients who require long-term intravenous therapy.

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91. Which type of cancer arises from epithelial tissue?

Explanation

Carcinoma is the correct answer because it is a type of cancer that originates from epithelial tissue. Epithelial tissue lines the surfaces and cavities of organs and structures in the body. Carcinomas can occur in various organs such as the skin, lungs, breast, and colon. They are the most common type of cancer and can be further categorized into different subtypes based on the specific type of epithelial cells involved.

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92. A Turkish shampoo concludes with which of the following?

Explanation

This question is asking about the conclusion of a Turkish shampoo. The word "tepid" means lukewarm or moderately warm, so a tepid pail pour would suggest that the shampoo ends with a moderate temperature.

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93. What term is used to describe a quality of energy in a tsubo that feels empty or depleted, Yin, soft, and cold and where your pressure is welcomed or accepted?

Explanation

Kyo is the term used to describe a quality of energy in a tsubo that feels empty or depleted, Yin, soft, and cold and where your pressure is welcomed or accepted.

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94. What is the term used to describe the section of intestinal wall that is attached to the abdominal wall after an ileostomy or a colostomy?

Explanation

After an ileostomy or colostomy, a surgical procedure is performed to create an opening in the abdominal wall, called a stoma, which allows waste to pass out of the body. The stoma is a section of the intestinal wall that is attached to the abdominal wall. It serves as an artificial opening for the elimination of waste when the normal route is not possible.

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95. The flexor digitorum superficialis contracts and flexion of the fingers is the only action that occurs; and the extensor carpi radialis brevis contracts as a fixator during this joint action.  What is the purpose of the extensor carpi radialis brevis in this scenario?

Explanation

The purpose of the extensor carpi radialis brevis in this scenario is to prevent flexion of the hand at the wrist joint. This muscle acts as a fixator, stabilizing the wrist joint and preventing unwanted movement in the form of flexion.

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96. What is the most common scenario involving conflicts of interests in a massage therapy practice?

Explanation

In a massage therapy practice, the most common scenario involving conflicts of interests is when the therapist sells products. This can create a conflict because the therapist may prioritize selling products over providing the best treatment for the client. It can also create a financial incentive for the therapist to recommend or use certain products, even if they may not be the most suitable for the client's needs. This can compromise the therapist's professional integrity and the trust between the therapist and the client.

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97. Which of the following is a trigger point that is located at musculotendinous junctions?

Explanation

The trigger point that is located at musculotendinous junctions is the "Attachment" trigger point. This refers to the point where a muscle attaches to a tendon or bone. Trigger points in this area can cause pain and discomfort, and are often associated with muscle tension and overuse.

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98. The ancient "center of gravity" located an inch or two below and behind the navel is called

Explanation

The ancient "center of gravity" located an inch or two below and behind the navel is called the Dan tien. This term is commonly used in Chinese martial arts and traditional Chinese medicine to refer to the body's energy center or power source. It is believed to be the focal point for physical and spiritual energy, and is considered vital for maintaining balance, strength, and overall well-being.

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99. Which receptors are often called the "cold receptors"?

Explanation

Krause end bulbs are often called the "cold receptors" because they are sensitive to low temperatures and are responsible for detecting and transmitting signals related to cold sensations to the brain. They are located in the skin and mucous membranes, and their activation triggers the perception of coldness.

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100. How are fixators and neutralizers similar?

Explanation

Fixators and neutralizers are similar in that they both act to cancel out unwanted actions of the muscle that is working. Fixators are muscles that stabilize a joint and prevent unwanted movement, while neutralizers are muscles that counteract the undesired actions of other muscles. In both cases, the goal is to ensure that the muscle being worked on can perform its intended action without interference or unwanted movement.

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What is a general term for acute or chronic skin inflammation...
Rapid shaking, quivering, trembling, or rocking movements applied with...
What is a synonym for a business license?
Active movements performed by the client while the therapist assist...
In what order are the following sensations felt by most clients during...
What would be the best self-care treatment plan for a client with...
A very precise and penetrating form of friction, popularized by Dr....
Movements applied by the therapist while the client remains relaxed...
The best thing a massage therapist can do to prevent the spread of...
What is the term used to describe a cancerous tumor?
General full-body massage has been shown to stimulate vagal function....
The application of cycles of rhythmic lifting, squeezing, and...
A disease that has a specific beginning, signs, and symptoms that...
A ductless gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream...
What is the name for external application of heat for therapeutic...
What is a synonym for malpractice insurance?
When a person is in a horizontal position while lying face downward,...
Which of the following is NOT a guideline for proper body mechanics?
What is an injury that begins abruptly, usually has a recognizable...
If a client is lying horizontally on his or her back, in what position...
Recumbent position preferred for pregnancy, for some elderly people,...
Which of the following is NOT indicated for massage?
For the distal attachment of a muscle to move more efficiently, the...
Origin: infraspinous fossa of the scapulaInsertion: greater tubercle...
A biological agent capable of causing disease is 
Which of the following best describes a state of exhaustion or a loss...
What is the concept of energy called in India?
Unintentional physical or emotional harm sustained by the client...
Which of the following best describes petrissage?
A client has a sprain of the calcaneofibular ligament.  It is a...
Which of the following Japanese bodywork therapies uses pressure on...
What type of muscle contraction is usually involved with...
What is the principal neurotransmitter involved in muscle contraction?
The term used to refer to someone who is 70 years of age or older is
Origin: infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, posterior proximal...
Relative to the mover force, what is the resistance force?
What term best describes touching with purpose and intent?
What is a synonym for premise liability?
If a person lifts his or her arm into the air and this motion occurs...
What is a reflexive impulse that causes the affected muscle or...
Which one of the following is true?
Blood pressure generally decreases during massage because
During massage application, while kneading the tissue, the massage...
The spreading of cancerous cells to other parts of the body is called
Which of the following is true?
Origins: linea aspera (lateral lip), gluteal tuberosityInsertions:...
Which of the following actions does a functional group of muscles...
Which of the following best describes what may not be felt until 8 to...
Which of the following actions does a functional group of muscles...
Repetitive staccato striking movements of the hands, moving either...
What is the reverse action when the brachialis contracts and shortens?
What direction is the direction in which pressure should be applied...
According to Ayurveda, what is the term used to denote a person's...
Injuries related to inefficient biomechanics; a constant motion,...
Origins: ribs 1-9 (lateral to costal cartilage)Insertion: anterior...
Origin: distal anterior humeral shaftInsertion: ulnar tuberosity,...
Origin: inferior border of the rib (above)Insertion: superior border...
Considered a light effleurage, this massage stroke is feather-light...
Which of the following chakras corresponds to the element of water?
What is the result of a Golgi tendon organ reflex?
Origin: medial epicondyle of the humerusInsertion: palmar...
In which of these joints is movement absent or extremely limited?
What principle describes the fact that the pectoralis major can adduct...
What is one of the most potent techniques in hydrotherapy?
Origin: temporal fossaInsertion: coronoid process of the...
Pyloric sphincter allows transport of what substance?
What is the structural classification of the proximal radioulnar...
The sensual bond to another that involves choice, mutuality,...
Which of the following is a skin-scraping technique to help expel...
Which of the following is indicated for massage?
What is the concept of energy called in Japanese?
During massage, respiration is affected how and by what mechanism?
Which of the following defines a business' accounts payable, payments...
One of the principles of massage especially for relaxation is focused...
According to traditional Ayurveda, what is a word that means "that...
What type of glove material is recommended for use with oil-based...
Who is regarded as the Father of Hydrotherapy?
By which week in pregnant women can the hormone production of relaxin...
If a more intimate relationship is desired by the therapist and...
When a client's physical body "remembers" a past traumatic event,...
If a physician refers a client to a massage therapist, the therapist...
According to Dr. David Simons, what percentage of trigger points refer...
If a therapist has broken skin on the fingers, hands, forearms, or...
Who is the Dutch physician who promoted Swedish massage using the...
Which of the following are two variations used in the contrast method?
A list of guiding principles by which members of an organization...
Postural stabilization muscles tend to be
Which of the following is locally indicated for massage?
Which of the three doshas is made up of the elements fire and water?
A flexible tube that is inserted and sewn into a large vein (usually...
Which type of cancer arises from epithelial tissue?
A Turkish shampoo concludes with which of the following?
What term is used to describe a quality of energy in a tsubo that...
What is the term used to describe the section of intestinal wall that...
The flexor digitorum superficialis contracts and flexion of the...
What is the most common scenario involving conflicts of interests in a...
Which of the following is a trigger point that is located at...
The ancient "center of gravity" located an inch or two below and...
Which receptors are often called the "cold receptors"?
How are fixators and neutralizers similar?
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