Massage Therapy Anatomy And Technique - Hip And Thigh, Part 1

The rectus femoris is the only muscle in the quadriceps femoris group that crosses two joints. It crosses both the hip joint and the knee joint. The other three muscles in the quadriceps femoris group (vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius) only cross the knee joint. Therefore, the rectus femoris is unique in its ability to contribute to both hip flexion and knee extension.

The insertion(s) for gluteus medius is the greater trochanter of the femur. This is the bony prominence on the upper part of the femur, where the gluteus medius muscle attaches.

The correct answer is "tensor fasciae latae," "tensor fascia lata," and "tensor fascia latae." The tensor fasciae latae is a small muscle located on the lateral side of the upper thigh. It attaches to the iliotibial tract, which is a thick band of connective tissue that runs along the outside of the thigh.

The correct answer is iliotibial tract, iliotibial band. The iliotibial tract is a superficial sheet of fascia that runs along the lateral thigh. It contains vertical fibers that provide stability and support to the knee joint. The iliotibial band refers to the thickened portion of the iliotibial tract that extends from the hip to the knee. It plays a crucial role in stabilizing the knee during activities such as running and walking.

The gluteus minimus muscle is sometimes referred to as the "sciatica mimicker" because it can cause symptoms that mimic sciatica. The gluteus minimus muscle is located in the buttocks and is responsible for hip abduction and stabilization of the hip joint. When this muscle becomes tight or irritated, it can compress the sciatic nerve, leading to pain, tingling, and numbness that radiates down the leg. These symptoms are similar to those experienced in sciatica, hence the nickname "sciatica mimicker."

The correct answer is Biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus. These three muscles make up the hamstrings group. The rectus femoris is actually a part of the quadriceps group, which is located on the front of the thigh. The vastus intermedius, vastus medialis, and vastus lateralis are also part of the quadriceps group. The supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, and subscapularis are muscles of the rotator cuff in the shoulder. The adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, and gracilis are muscles of the inner thigh.

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The correct answer is "acetabulofemoral joint" or "acetabulofemoral articulation". This is the anatomical name for the hip/coxal joint, which is the joint where the acetabulum of the pelvis articulates with the femur.

The muscles that perform extension of the knee (tibiofemoral joint) are the rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, and vastus intermedius. These muscles work together to straighten the leg at the knee joint.

The correct answer is "Anterior surface of the sacrum." The piriformis muscle originates from the anterior surface of the sacrum. It attaches to the sacrum and then passes through the greater sciatic notch to reach the greater trochanter of the femur. This muscle is important for hip rotation and stability.

The sacrotuberous ligament runs between the edge of the sacrum and the ischial tuberosity.

The gluteus minimus inserts on the anterior border of the greater trochanter of the femur.

The piriformis muscle laterally rotates the hip (coxal joint) and abducts the hip when the hip is flexed. This means that when the hip is flexed, the piriformis muscle moves the thigh bone away from the midline of the body (abduction) and rotates it outward (lateral rotation). This action is important for various movements such as walking, running, and maintaining balance.

The correct answer is Gluteus maximus. Trigger points in the Gluteus maximus muscle can cause pain in the buttock region. These trigger points are found in specific areas of the muscle, including the superior medial portion, the lower mid-portion overlying the posterior surface of the ischial tuberosity, and the most medial inferior portion.

Trigger points in the tensor fasciae latae muscle may refer pain to the hip and down the thigh, sometimes even as far down as the knee. The region around the greater trochanter can be affected, causing symptoms that resemble trochanter bursitis.

The adductor group consists of the adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, and gracilis muscles. These muscles are responsible for adduction, which is the movement of bringing a body part closer to the midline of the body. Each of these muscles plays a role in different aspects of adduction. The adductor magnus is the largest muscle in the group and helps with both adduction and extension of the hip. The adductor longus and adductor brevis are smaller muscles that also assist in adduction. The pectineus and gracilis muscles are located more towards the front of the thigh and also contribute to adduction.

The correct answer is Semitendinosus/semimembranosus. Trigger points in these muscles can cause pain that primarily radiates upward to the gluteal fold. The secondary pattern of pain is downward to the posterior thigh and back of the knee, and occasionally further down into the calf.

Referred pain in the gluteus medius is often felt as low back pain. The referral zones are along the posterior crest of the ilium, and may involve the sacrum and the buttock. The pain may also extend to the upper thigh.

The muscles that perform medial rotation of the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint) are semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gracilis, sartorius, and popliteus. These muscles work together to rotate the knee medially, with the assistance of the popliteus muscle. Medial rotation of the knee is an important movement that allows for proper functioning and stability of the joint during activities such as walking, running, and jumping.

The muscles that perform medial (internal) rotation of the hip (coxal joint) include semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, gracilis, pectineus, and tensor fasciae latae. These muscles work together to rotate the hip joint inward, towards the midline of the body.

The muscles that perform adduction of the hip (coxal joint) are the adductor magnus, adductor longus, adductor brevis, pectineus, gracilis, psoas major, iliacus, and gluteus maximus (lower fibers). These muscles work together to bring the leg towards the midline of the body.

The muscles that perform lateral (external) rotation of the hip (coxal joint) include biceps femoris, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), sartorius, piriformis, quadratus femoris, obturator internus, obturator externus, gemellus superior, gemellus inferior, psoas major, and iliacus. These muscles work together to rotate the hip joint outward, away from the midline of the body.

The correct answer is Biceps femoris because it is the only muscle listed that performs lateral rotation of the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint). The other muscles listed either perform other movements or assist in the movement of lateral rotation.

The correct answer includes the muscles that perform extension of the hip (coxal joint). These muscles are the biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, gluteus maximus (all fibers), gluteus medius (posterior fibers), and adductor magnus (posterior fibers). These muscles work together to extend the hip joint, allowing for movements such as walking, running, and jumping. The inclusion of the posterior fibers of the gluteus medius and adductor magnus indicates that these muscles assist in hip extension, but they are not the primary muscles responsible for this movement.

Trigger points in the Biceps femoris muscle have a primary referral pattern going downward to the back of the knee. Spillover patterns may go farther down into the calf and upward into the thigh.

The sciatic nerve can be entrapped by two muscles: the long head of the biceps femoris and the piriformis. The long head of the biceps femoris is one of the hamstring muscles located at the back of the thigh. The piriformis is a deep muscle in the buttocks that plays a role in hip rotation. Both of these muscles can compress or irritate the sciatic nerve, leading to symptoms such as pain, numbness, or tingling in the buttocks and down the leg.

The correct answer is Gluteus minimus because trigger points in the anterior fibers of this muscle refer pain to the lateral aspect of the buttock, thigh, and knee, down to the ankle. The referral pattern for the posterior fibers is also similar, causing pain over the medial aspect of the buttock and down the back of the thigh and calf.

The muscles that perform flexion of the hip (coxal joint) include rectus femoris, gluteus medius (anterior fibers), gluteus minimus, adductor magnus*, adductor longus*, adductor brevis*, pectineus*, tensor fasciae latae, sartorius, psoas major, and iliacus. These muscles work together to flex the hip joint, allowing for movements such as bringing the thigh towards the chest or lifting the leg upward.