.
None of them use a source of pressurized gas
They all use a source of pressurized gas
All of them increase the patient's lung volume by increasing the transpulmonary pressure gradient
They all increase the patient's lung volume by decreasing the transpulmonary pressure gradient
CPAP
PEEP
PEP
IPPB
Utilizes pressurized gas sources
Prevents airway collapse during expiration
Requires that patients forcefully exhale
Decreases pressure within the airways
Patients with assistance for their work of breathing
Visual cues so patients can see that the desired flow or volume has been achieved
Negative pressure swings early in inspiration
Rising C02 levels after therapy
IPPB equipment
Pressure-cycled ventilator
CPAP
An incentive spirometer
5 - 10
10 - 15
15 - 20
20 - 25
Can provide improved venous return
assists the patient by decreasing airway resistance
Tends to increase cardiac output
Can drastically lower cardiac output
Through a spontaneous and sustained decrease in pleural pressure
Through sustained mechanically enhanced positive airway pressure
By increasing alveolar pressure
by applying negative pressure during inspiration
Alveolar collapse
Cough maneuver
Raising of the transpulmonary pressure gradient
Increase of pulmonary vascular resistance
15 - 20
10 - 25
10 - 15
5 - 15
IS
PEEP
CPAP
IPPB
Decrease pleural pressure
Raise alveolar pressure
Compress the lung's vascular beds
Increase pulmonary vascular resistance
surgical procedure involving upper abdomen or thorax
conditions predisposing to development of atelectasis
Presence of neuromuscular disease involving respiratory muscles
All of the above
PEEP
EPAP
CPAP
PEP
Appropriate coughing and breathing instruction
A pressure-limited machine to accomplish maximal inspiration and a means of measuring VT
An informed, and cooperative patient who meets the criteria for therapy
All of the above
Increase alveolar distending pressure
Decrease alveolar distending pressure
increase negative alveolar pressure
Decrease the patient's tidal volumes
Decreasing cardiac output
raising the pressure inside the alveoli
Lowering the pressure inside the alveoli
Increasing pleural pressure
Often questioned regarding its cost-effectiveness
Heavily dependent on proper equipment performance
Effective and appropriate for prophylactic bronchial hygiene
All of the above
CPAP
IPPB
PEEP
PEP
Pleural edema
Barotrauma
Decreased cardiac output
Atelectasis
IS
CPAP
IPPB
PEEP
If the pressures are set too low
When insufficient time is provided for exhalation during therapy
When the inspiratory time is shortened
All of the above
Patients with high blood pressure
Patients with COPD
Post operative patients
Elderly patients
As frequently as hourly
Every two hours
Every four hours
Four times a day
Whose lungs have retained secretions
With acute atelectasis
With a respiratory rate of greater than 25 per minute
with an FVC greater than 15 ml/kg
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