Lower GI - Topic Examination

The correct spelling of the middle section of the small intestines is Jejunum. The other options provided (Dujenum, Dudenum, Jedunum) are incorrect spellings and do not correspond to any anatomical term.

Diffusion is a process where molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. It does not specifically refer to the absorption of nutrients. Nutrient absorption occurs through various mechanisms such as active transport and facilitated diffusion, which are different from simple diffusion. Therefore, the statement that diffusion is where all of the nutrients are absorbed is false.

The anus is the final section of the rectum. Its function is to expel the waste material, which can be referred to as faeces, stool, stools, poop, poo, waste, or wastes.

The lower GI, also known as the large intestine or colon, is responsible for removing solid wastes from the body. It absorbs water and electrolytes from the stool, forming it into solid waste and facilitating its elimination through the rectum and anus. This process is essential for maintaining proper bowel function and eliminating waste products from the body.

The descending colon is the part of the colon that extends downward on the left side of the abdominal cavity. It receives its arterial blood supply from branches of the left colic artery, which is a branch of the inferior mesenteric artery. This artery provides oxygenated blood to the descending colon, allowing it to function properly.

The rectum is a part of the digestive system located between the sigmoid colon and the anus. It is responsible for storing feces before elimination. The length of the rectum varies among individuals, but on average, it measures around 120 millimeters.

The caecum is located closest to the appendix. The appendix is a small, finger-like pouch attached to the caecum, which is the first part of the large intestine. The appendix is located in the lower right abdomen, near the junction of the small and large intestines. It is considered a vestigial organ with no known essential function in humans.

The small intestine is responsible for breaking down fats, lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins. It does so through the secretion of various enzymes such as lipase, amylase, and protease. These enzymes help to break down these food types into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body for energy and other functions.

The walls of the rectum have nerves and nerve cells that send signals to the brain indicating the need to defecate. These signals prompt the individual to have a bowel movement. If defecation is delayed for a long time, the stools can become hard and cause constipation.