Lipids

1.

These are major types of fats, except :

A.

Poly unsaturated fats
B.

Mono unsaturated fats
C.

Saturated fats
D.

Poly Saturated fats

Correct Answer
D. Poly Saturated fats

Explanation
The correct answer is "Poly Saturated fats." This is because there is no such term as "Poly Saturated fats." The other three options, namely Poly unsaturated fats, Mono unsaturated fats, and Saturated fats, are all valid and recognized types of fats. Polyunsaturated fats and monounsaturated fats are considered healthy fats, while saturated fats are considered less healthy and can increase the risk of heart disease.

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2.

Which one of the following is consider ‘good’ cholesterol (High level is desirable) :

A.

Low density Lipoprotein (LDL)
B.

High density Lipoprotein (HDL)
C.

Very low density Lipoprotein ( VLDL)
D.

Intermediate density Lipoprotein (IDL)

Correct Answer
B. High density Lipoprotein (HDL)

Explanation
High density Lipoprotein (HDL) is considered 'good' cholesterol because it helps remove excess cholesterol from the bloodstream and carries it back to the liver where it can be broken down and eliminated from the body. Having high levels of HDL cholesterol is desirable because it can help reduce the risk of heart disease and stroke.

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3.

Main function of LDL in the body is :

A.

Takes cholesterol from extrahepatic tissues to the liver for excretion
B.

Main carrier of endogenously produced triglyceride
C.

Main carrier of dietary triglyceride
D.

Main carrier of cholesterol

Correct Answer
D. Main carrier of cholesterol

Explanation
LDL, or low-density lipoprotein, is commonly known as the "bad cholesterol" as it carries cholesterol from the liver to the cells in the body. It is responsible for delivering cholesterol to various tissues and organs, where it is used for various functions. However, if there is an excess of LDL in the bloodstream, it can lead to the buildup of cholesterol in the arteries, increasing the risk of heart disease. Therefore, the main function of LDL in the body is to act as the main carrier of cholesterol throughout the body.

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4.

Which one of the following is desirable level of Total Cholesterol in the blood?

A.

< 4.5 mmol/L
B.

< 5.2 mmol/L
C.

< 5.8 mmol/L
D.

< 6.2 mmol/L

Correct Answer
B. < 5.2 mmol/L

Explanation
A desirable level of Total Cholesterol in the blood is less than 5.2 mmol/L. This indicates that having a Total Cholesterol level below 5.2 mmol/L is considered optimal for maintaining good health. High levels of Total Cholesterol in the blood can increase the risk of developing heart diseases and other cardiovascular conditions, so it is important to keep it within the desired range.

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5.

Which one of the following is the risk factor of cardiovascular disease?

A.

Alcohol
B.

Hypotension
C.

Female Gender
D.

Dyslipidemia

Correct Answer
D. Dyslipidemia

Explanation
Dyslipidemia refers to an abnormal level of lipids (such as cholesterol and triglycerides) in the blood. It is considered a risk factor for cardiovascular disease because high levels of LDL cholesterol can build up in the arteries, leading to the formation of plaques that can block blood flow and increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Controlling dyslipidemia through lifestyle changes and medication is important in reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease.

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6.

All of the following is the treatment of hypercholesterolemia, except :

A.

Antioxidant
B.

Statins
C.

Resins
D.

Nicotinic Acid

Correct Answer
A. Antioxidant

Explanation
Antioxidants are not typically used as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia. Hypercholesterolemia is a condition characterized by high levels of cholesterol in the blood, which can lead to various cardiovascular diseases. The mainstay of treatment for hypercholesterolemia includes statins, resins, and nicotinic acid. Statins are medications that help lower cholesterol levels by inhibiting an enzyme involved in cholesterol production. Resins work by binding to bile acids in the intestine, preventing their reabsorption and promoting the excretion of cholesterol. Nicotinic acid, also known as niacin, helps lower cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Antioxidants, on the other hand, are substances that help prevent or slow damage to cells caused by free radicals, but they are not specifically used as a treatment for hypercholesterolemia.

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7.

Which one of the following statement is FALSE :

A.

Oxidized LDL increase vasodilation of the blood vessels
B.

Statins is a HmG CoA Reductase
C.

Diabetes is one of the risk factors of cardiovascular disease
D.

Omega 3 is essential fatty acids.

Correct Answer
A. Oxidized LDL increase vasodilation of the blood vessels

Explanation
Oxidized LDL actually decreases vasodilation of the blood vessels. When LDL cholesterol becomes oxidized, it can contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, which is the buildup of plaque in the arteries. This plaque can cause the arteries to become narrowed and stiff, reducing their ability to dilate and decreasing blood flow. Therefore, the statement that oxidized LDL increases vasodilation of the blood vessels is false.

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