Liberty, Equality, Power: Chapter 5 & 6 Test

The Land Ordinance of 1785 and the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 were acts that organized the land in the Northwest Territory. These acts established a system for surveying and selling the land, as well as providing a framework for the admission of new states into the Union. The Northwest Territory encompassed a vast area including present-day states such as Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Therefore, the correct answer is Northwest Territory.

The correct answer is Molasses Act Sugar Act Revenue Act. The question is asking about the changes in the tax on molasses over time. Initially, the tax on molasses was 6 pence per gallon under the Molasses Act. Then, it was changed to 3 pence per gallon under the Sugar Act. Finally, it was further reduced to 1 penny per gallon under the Revenue Act.

The Articles of Confederation was a document that established a weak central government and gave most of the power to the individual states. It created a loose alliance among the colonies, allowing them to maintain their independence while still working together on common issues. The central government under the Articles had limited authority and lacked the power to enforce laws or regulate commerce effectively. This arrangement ultimately proved to be ineffective and led to the drafting and adoption of the United States Constitution, which created a stronger central government.

Virginia being the first state to adopt a permanent republican constitution is true. This means that Virginia was the first state to establish a government based on the principles of a republic, where power is held by the people and their elected representatives. This significant milestone in Virginia's history highlights its role in shaping the political landscape of the United States and setting an example for other states to follow.

Thomas Paine wrote Common Sense. Common Sense is a pamphlet that was published in 1776 and played a significant role in inspiring the American Revolution. It presented arguments for American independence from Britain and advocated for republican government. Paine's writing style and persuasive arguments made Common Sense widely read and influential in shaping public opinion at the time.

The Treaty of Paris indeed ended the Seven Years War. This treaty was signed in 1763 and marked the official conclusion of the war between Great Britain and France, along with their respective allies. The treaty resulted in several significant changes, including the transfer of French territories in North America to British control. It also had a profound impact on the global balance of power, solidifying Britain's position as a dominant colonial power and marking the decline of French influence in North America.

The correct answer is The Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation established a government that was highly decentralized, with most powers held by the individual states. However, this system ultimately failed because it lacked a strong central government, leading to issues such as an inability to enforce laws, regulate trade, and raise taxes. This prompted the need for the Constitution, which created a more centralized and effective government structure.

Benjamin Franklin believed that colonists would accept external taxes but not internal ones. This is because external taxes, such as tariffs on imported goods, were seen as a way to regulate trade and protect domestic industries. However, internal taxes, such as the Stamp Act, were viewed as a direct infringement on colonial rights and were met with strong opposition. Franklin's belief was based on the idea that colonists were more likely to accept taxes that were seen as necessary for the greater good, rather than ones that were seen as oppressive and unjust.

The original Constitution did indeed make the president elected by an electoral college composed of electors from each state. This system was put in place to ensure that the president was chosen by a group of representatives rather than a direct popular vote, as the framers of the Constitution were concerned about the potential for mob rule or uninformed decision-making. The electoral college is still in use today, although it has been modified by amendments to the Constitution.

The correct answer is "All of the above". After gaining independence, American social life underwent significant changes. Many slaves, particularly in the Northern colonies, were freed, which had a profound impact on the lives of African Americans. Additionally, women started to gain more respect and were seen as more equal to men, leading to advancements in women's rights. Furthermore, there was an increase in religious tolerance, allowing for greater freedom of worship and belief. These changes collectively transformed American society during this period.

Phillis Wheatley was the famous African American poet who published Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. She was the first African American woman to publish a book of poetry and was known for her exceptional literary skills. Her work showcased themes of religion, morality, and the struggles of being a slave. Wheatley's poetry gained recognition and admiration from prominent figures of her time, such as George Washington and Benjamin Franklin, further solidifying her place in literary history.

The statement is false because most slaves and Native Americans did not side with the Americans during the American Revolution. Slaves were more likely to support the British, as they were promised freedom in exchange for their service. Native Americans also generally sided with the British, as they saw them as a better ally against American settlers encroaching on their lands. Therefore, the statement is incorrect.

John Adam's "Thoughts on Government" was a tract that supported the separation of powers and influenced the constitution of Virginia. This means that the tract advocated for the division of powers among different branches of government, such as the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. It also had a direct impact on the formation of the constitution in the state of Virginia, suggesting that its ideas and principles were incorporated into the governing structure of the state.

The main difference between the Articles of Confederation and the Constitution was the level of centralization in the government. The Articles had a very decentralized government, where power was primarily held by the individual states. In contrast, the Constitution established a more centralized government, with a stronger federal authority. This shift towards centralization was intended to address the weaknesses of the Articles, such as the inability to effectively govern and coordinate the states. The Constitution aimed to create a more unified and cohesive nation by granting more power to the federal government.

The correct answer states that both the American continentals and militias had no formal training and very short terms. This means that neither group received any official training, and their service was of a relatively short duration. This suggests that the American Revolution began with a lack of professional military forces, as both the continentals (the regular army) and the militias (citizen-soldiers) were not formally trained. Instead, they relied on their own individual experiences and learning on the job.

During the Boston Tea Party, individuals dressed as Indians threw £11,000 worth of tea into the ocean.

The Olive Branch Petition was approved by Congress on July 5, 1775, and was intended to be sent to George III in an attempt to restore peace. This document was considered a moderate approach, as it expressed the colonists' desire for reconciliation with the British government. The petition emphasized their loyalty to the king and their desire to avoid further conflict. However, it was ultimately rejected by the British government, leading to the escalation of tensions and eventually the Declaration of Independence.

George Washington instilled some order and professionalism in the armies after 1777 by implementing multiple measures. Firstly, he offered a cash bonus to soldiers who enlisted in the army for three years, which incentivized longer-term commitment and dedication. Secondly, he increased the amount of punishment a soldier could receive, which helped maintain discipline and accountability. Lastly, he offered land as a reward to soldiers who served three years, providing them with a tangible benefit for their service. These combined efforts aimed to improve the organization, commitment, and professionalism of the armies under George Washington's command.

The Constitution Convention of 1787 took place in Philadelphia. This is where delegates from the thirteen original states gathered to draft the United States Constitution. Philadelphia was chosen as the location because it was a central and easily accessible city for most of the delegates. The convention lasted from May 25 to September 17, 1787, and resulted in the creation of the Constitution that still governs the United States today.

Nathanael Greene was indeed a Revolutionary War officer who defeated a superior British army using unorthodox strategies. His tactics, such as avoiding direct confrontation and engaging in guerrilla warfare, helped him achieve victories against the British forces. Therefore, the statement "True" accurately describes Nathanael Greene's accomplishments during the Revolutionary War.

The Constitution is the correct answer because it is the document that outlines the rules and regulations for the government of the United States. It establishes a system of strong centralized control while also recognizing the sovereignty of the people. The Constitution was created to replace the Articles of Confederation, which had proven to be ineffective in providing a unified and strong government. The Declaration of Independence, the Virginia Constitution, and the Emancipation Proclamation are all important historical documents, but they do not fit the description of a document with strong centralized control and sovereignty with the people.

The Tea Act was implemented to prevent the East India Company from suffering significant financial losses on the tea it had. The Act allowed the company to directly sell tea to the American colonies without having to go through middlemen, thus reducing costs and enabling them to sell tea at a lower price. This was an attempt to revive the struggling company and maintain its monopoly on the tea trade. The Act, however, was met with strong resistance from American colonists, who saw it as a violation of their rights and led to the Boston Tea Party and ultimately contributed to the American Revolution.

The Boston Constitution drafted in 1779 had several key provisions. Firstly, it established that sovereignty rested with the people rather than the government, emphasizing the idea of popular sovereignty. Secondly, it introduced an elected governor who possessed the power to veto legislation, granting a system of checks and balances. Lastly, the constitution required men to own land in order to be eligible to vote. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of the above."

After the fall of Philadelphia, the French openly supported America by agreeing to ally themselves with them and to fight the British until independence. This means that the French actively sided with the Americans and pledged to assist them in their fight against the British. They did not oppose the Americans or help the British blockade the coast and close trade with the colonies. Additionally, they did not remain neutral but actively intervened in the war by supporting the American cause. Therefore, the correct answer is that the French openly supported America.

The right answer is C.

The Port Act was one of the Coercive Acts imposed by the British Parliament on the American colonies in response to the Boston Tea Party. It closed the port of Boston and suspended self-government in Massachusetts. This act was seen as a direct attack on the rights and liberties of the colonists, leading to widespread outrage and opposition. In response to these acts, the first Continental Congress was convened in 1774 to discuss and coordinate a united response to the British government's actions. Therefore, it can be concluded that the Port Act did indeed lead to the first Continental Congress.

The statement "coercive acts were passed to raise more revenue" is false. The Coercive Acts, also known as the Intolerable Acts, were a series of punitive measures imposed by the British Parliament on the American colonies in response to the Boston Tea Party. These acts were intended to punish the colonists and assert British authority, rather than to raise revenue. They included the Boston Port Act, which closed the port of Boston until the colonists paid for the destroyed tea, and other acts that restricted self-government in Massachusetts and strengthened British control over the colonies.

George Washington's victories at Trenton and Princeton in 1776 and 1777 were significant because they boosted the morale of the American troops and gave a much-needed boost to the Revolutionary cause. These victories came after a series of defeats for the Continental Army, and they demonstrated Washington's strategic skills and ability to rally his troops. The victories also helped to convince many Americans that the war was not lost and encouraged more support for the Revolution. Overall, Trenton and Princeton marked a turning point in the war and showed that the American forces were capable of defeating the powerful British army.

After independence, legislation and legal action were taken to free many slaves, especially in the north. This means that the statement "many slaves (especially in the north) were freed from their masters by legislation or legal action" is true.

The correct answer is Parliament had the power to create any laws and statues to bind the colonies. This is because the Declaratory Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1766, asserted the authority of Parliament over the American colonies and declared that it had the power to make laws that would be binding on the colonies. This act was a response to the repeal of the Stamp Act and aimed to assert British control over the colonies, leading to further tensions and eventually the American Revolution.

The correct answer is 6 wounded and 5 dead. This means that there were a total of 11 injuries resulting from the Boston Massacre, with 5 people losing their lives and 6 others being wounded.

The correct answer is that imports on tea, paper, paint, and lead were taxed. The Townshend Act, passed by the British Parliament in 1767, imposed duties on various goods imported into the American colonies, including tea, paper, paint, and lead. These taxes were seen as a way for Britain to assert its authority over the colonies and to generate revenue. The taxes imposed by the Townshend Act were met with resistance from the colonists and played a significant role in the growing tensions that eventually led to the American Revolution.

The Townshend Act was implemented to pay the salaries of governors and judges. This act, passed by the British Parliament in 1767, imposed duties on various imported goods in the American colonies. The revenue generated from these duties was intended to cover the expenses of colonial governors and judges, who were appointed by the British government. By providing salaries for these officials, the British hoped to strengthen their control over the colonies and ensure their loyalty.

The Declaration of Independence was a document that asserted the right of the people to overthrow tyrannical governments. It was a statement by the American colonies declaring their independence from British rule, and it outlined the reasons for their rebellion. The document emphasized the idea that governments derive their power from the consent of the governed, and that when a government becomes oppressive and violates the rights of the people, it is the right and duty of the people to overthrow it and establish a new government that will protect their rights and liberties.

Benjamin Franklin believed that the colonists were outraged at the Stamp Act because it was an internal tax. This means that the tax was imposed directly on the colonists themselves, rather than on imported goods or external sources of revenue. The colonists saw this as an infringement on their rights and a violation of the principle of "no taxation without representation," as they had no say in the decision-making process regarding the tax.

The correct answer is "Two of the above." This is because the statement "The British thought that the war was a lost cause and wanted to leave" and the statement "They did not like that the trade was disrupted and felt that the national debt was too high" both suggest a lack of support for the war in Britain after 1778.

The events that led up to Shay's Rebellion were debts, inflation, and taxes being raised very high. This economic hardship placed a heavy burden on farmers, who were struggling to make ends meet. Many farmers were unable to pay their debts and faced foreclosure on their land. In addition, the government's response to these economic difficulties was inadequate, leading to a growing sense of frustration and discontent among the farmers. This ultimately culminated in Shay's Rebellion, as farmers took up arms against the government in protest of their economic hardships.

Violence broke out in response to the Stamp Act in Boston, New York City, and Newport.

At the first Continental Congress, the colonists agreed that they would adopt nonexportation agreements if Britain did not address their colonial grievances by September 1775. This means that they would refuse to export goods to Britain as a form of economic protest if their concerns were not addressed. This decision reflected the colonists' desire for peaceful resolution and their willingness to use economic measures to pressure Britain into addressing their grievances.

During the second continental congress, the decision was made to create a continental army with George Washington as the commanding general. This was a significant step towards establishing a unified military force to fight against the British during the American Revolutionary War. By selecting George Washington, who had previous military experience and was respected among the delegates, as the commanding general, they ensured strong leadership for the army. This decision played a crucial role in the eventual success of the American colonies in their fight for independence.

The American federal system was revolutionary because it placed sovereignty in the hands of the people. This means that the power and authority of the government were derived from the people themselves, who then empowered the different levels of government through the Constitution. This was a significant departure from the traditional monarchies that existed at the time, where power was concentrated in the hands of a single ruler. By giving power to the people and establishing a system of government that represented their interests, the American federal system set a precedent for future democracies around the world.

The Treaty of Paris that ended the Revolutionary War made Congress urge the states to give back the confiscated loyalist property. This means that after the war, Congress encouraged the states to return the property that had been seized from loyalists, who were individuals who remained loyal to the British Crown during the war. This was a significant step towards reconciliation and restoring normalcy after the war.

The mid-Atlantic colonies did not want to declare independence from Britain by 1776. This may have been due to various reasons such as economic ties, political affiliations, or a lack of support for the revolutionary cause. However, without further information, it is difficult to determine the exact reasons behind their reluctance.

The correct answer is "Said that 3 to 5 states would be created in the Ohio Valley." The Northwest Ordinance, enacted in 1787, established a process for admitting new states to the Union. It outlined that once a territory had a population of 60,000, it could apply for statehood. The ordinance specifically stated that the Ohio Valley region could be divided into 3 to 5 states, ensuring the expansion of the United States and the establishment of new states in that area. The other statements about creating townships and allowing slavery in the northwest colonies are incorrect.

The Federalist Papers were a series of essays written by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay. These essays were written to defend the entire constitution. One of the main arguments put forth in the Federalist Papers was that large republics were more stable than small ones because faction would rarely gain a majority. Therefore, the correct answer is "all of the above" as all of these statements accurately describe the Federalist Papers.

Samuel Prescott is the correct answer because he was the person who warned the colonists that the British were coming to Concord on April 19, 1775. Paul Revere is often associated with this event, but he was actually captured by the British before reaching Concord. Prescott, along with William Dawes, successfully completed the midnight ride to warn the colonists. James Edminton, John Adams, and George Taylor are not historically connected to this event.

The correct answer is "two of the above." The Massachusetts Government Act overturned the Massachusetts charter of 1691 and restricted town meetings in Massachusetts. However, it did not close the port of Boston until Bostonians paid for the tea they dumped in the ocean.

The reason that 1500 soldiers revolted in 1781 in Pennsylvania was because they thought that their enlistments had expired.

The correct answer is "enforce the Massachusetts Government act." The British soldiers were marching towards Concord on April 19, 1775 in order to enforce the Massachusetts Government act. This act was passed by the British Parliament to assert more control over the colony of Massachusetts and to punish the colonists for their resistance to British authority. The soldiers were sent to enforce this act and ensure compliance with British laws and regulations.

During the American Revolutionary War, General George Washington fortified Dorchester Heights with artillery from Fort Ticonderoga. This strategic move was aimed at defeating the British and forcing them to retreat to Nova Scotia. By positioning the artillery on Dorchester Heights, Washington gained a tactical advantage and threatened the British forces in Boston. This forced the British to abandon their positions and withdraw, ultimately leading to their retreat to Nova Scotia.