Leedy And Ormrod Book Research Quiz!
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Research problems, as defined in Leedy and Ormrod (2010):
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Are identified by experts in the field, and not typically knowable by novices.
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Clearly and completely specify important questions that are currently unanswered in a particular field of inquiry.
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Are broad, general statements about the incomplete state of understanding in a particular field of inquiry.
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Can be addressed by compiling and synthesizing existing information in a way that sheds light on the issue of interest.
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This quiz tests knowledge on research methodologies defined in Leedy and Ormrod (2010), distinguishing between basic and applied research, and identifying well-written research problems. It sharpens skills in understanding research design and its application in educational settings.
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- 2.
Basic research is:
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Research intended to enhance basic knowledge about the physical, biological, psychological, or social world or to shed light on historical, cultural, or aesthetic phenomena.
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Large scale research performed under contract with a governmental agency such as the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), etc.
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Informal research conducted locally by a small staff with a small budget, the purpose of which is to pave the way for larger research initiatives.
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Research intended to address issues that have immediate relevance to current practices, procedures, and policies.
Correct Answer
A. Research intended to enhance basic knowledge about the physical, biological, psychological, or social world or to shed light on historical, cultural, or aesthetic phenomena.Explanation
Basic research is research that is conducted to enhance basic knowledge about various aspects of the physical, biological, psychological, or social world. It aims to explore and understand fundamental principles and phenomena without any immediate practical application. This type of research focuses on expanding our understanding of the world and often contributes to the development of theories and concepts. It may also shed light on historical, cultural, or aesthetic phenomena, providing valuable insights into different aspects of human society and culture.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Applied research is:
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Research intended to enhance basic knowledge about the physical, biological, psychological, or social world or to shed light on historical, cultural, or aesthetic phenomena.
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Large-scale research performed under contract with a governmental agency such as the National Science Foundation (NSF), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), etc.
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Informal research conducted by a small staff with a small budget, the purpose of which is to shed light on a problem of local interest.
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Research intended to address issues that have immediate relevance to current practices, procedures, and policies.
Correct Answer
A. Research intended to address issues that have immediate relevance to current practices, procedures, and policies.Explanation
Applied research is research that is conducted with the intention of addressing issues that are relevant to current practices, procedures, and policies. This type of research focuses on finding practical solutions and applying them to real-world problems. It is different from basic research, which aims to enhance knowledge about the world in general. Applied research is often conducted in collaboration with organizations or industries to directly address their specific needs and challenges.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following represents a well-written basic research problem?
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“Which general education course is more interesting, U.S. History or World Music?”
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“How do business teams of six or fewer members compare to teams of more than six members in terms of productivity?”
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“How does the organization of mathematical information in long-term memory differ between 3-year-olds and 13-year-olds?”
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“What is the ratio of native-born students to international students on the campuses of major U.S. state universities?”
Correct Answer
A. “How does the organization of mathematical information in long-term memory differ between 3-year-olds and 13-year-olds?”Explanation
The question is asking for a well-written basic research problem, and the answer option "How does the organization of mathematical information in long-term memory differ between 3-year-olds and 13-year-olds?" is the best choice. This question clearly defines the variables being studied (mathematical information and age), and it addresses a specific research problem (differences in organization of mathematical information in long-term memory). It also suggests a clear comparison between two age groups, making it a well-defined research question.Rate this question:
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- 5.
Which of the following represents a well-written applied research problem?
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“How does the organization of mathematical information in long-term memory differ between 3-year-olds and 13-year-olds?”
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“How do business teams of six or fewer members compare to teams of more than six members in terms of productivity?”
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“Which general education course is more interesting, U.S. History or World Music?”
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“What is the ratio of native-born students to international students on the campuses of major U.S. state universities?”
Correct Answer
A. “How do business teams of six or fewer members compare to teams of more than six members in terms of productivity?”Explanation
The given answer represents a well-written applied research problem because it clearly states the variables being compared (business teams of six or fewer members versus teams of more than six members) and the specific aspect being measured (productivity). This research problem is focused, measurable, and relevant to a real-world context, making it suitable for applied research.Rate this question:
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- 6.
Three of the following questions lend themselves well to formal research. Which one does NOT?
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“How does the organization of mathematical information in long-term memory differ between 3-year-olds and 13-year-olds?”
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“How do business teams of six or fewer members compare to teams of more than six members in terms of productivity?”
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“Does message medium, print versus television, impact the effectiveness of public service health messages?”
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“Which general education course is more interesting, U.S. History or World Music?”
Correct Answer
A. “Which general education course is more interesting, U.S. History or World Music?”Explanation
The first three questions can be answered through formal research methods such as conducting experiments, collecting data, and analyzing the results. However, the last question about which general education course is more interesting is subjective and cannot be answered through formal research as it depends on individual preferences and opinions.Rate this question:
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- 7.
Three of the following are characteristics of a well-written research problem. Which one is NOT?
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The problem statement includes jargon associated with the field.
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The problem statement clearly delimits the object(s) of study.
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The problem statement identifies the important factors to be investigated in the study.
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The problem statement explicitly identifies assumptions.
Correct Answer
A. The problem statement includes jargon associated with the field.Explanation
A well-written research problem should not include jargon associated with the field because it may make the problem statement difficult to understand for readers who are not familiar with the specific terminology. The use of jargon can create a barrier to effective communication and hinder the clarity and accessibility of the research problem.Rate this question:
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- 8.
A common weakness of research problems is that they:
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Delimit the object(s) of study.
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Constrain the variables to be investigated.
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Implicitly rest on common assumptions
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Incorporate a number of subproblems.
Correct Answer
A. Implicitly rest on common assumptionsExplanation
Research problems often have implicit assumptions that underlie them. These assumptions are often shared by the researchers and are not explicitly stated in the problem statement. These assumptions can shape the way the problem is framed and the variables that are considered. By recognizing these implicit assumptions, researchers can critically analyze their own biases and potential limitations in their research. Therefore, the correct answer is that research problems implicitly rest on common assumptions.Rate this question:
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- 9.
“What proportion of workers hired by selected factories in the state of Oklahoma between 1995 and 2000 held four-year college degrees?” The chief weakness of this research problem is that:
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It lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement.
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It implies only description of the data, not interpretation.
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It does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.
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Studying the question as stated is not feasible.
Correct Answer
A. It does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.Explanation
The given question is weak because it does not lead to the creation or discovery of new information. It simply asks for the proportion of workers hired by selected factories in Oklahoma between 1995 and 2000 who held four-year college degrees. This question does not prompt any analysis or investigation beyond collecting and reporting existing data. It does not contribute to new knowledge or insights in any way.Rate this question:
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- 10.
“What do underemployed U.S. workers (i.e., those workers who are employed, but not in positions for which they have specialized training or expertise) identify as the primary reason for their inability to find suitable employment?” The chief weakness of this research problem is that:
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It lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement.
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It does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.
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It implies only description of the data, not interpretation.
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Studying the question as stated is not feasible.
Correct Answer
A. Studying the question as stated is not feasible.Explanation
The question is asking about the primary reason underemployed U.S. workers identify for their inability to find suitable employment. However, the answer suggests that studying the question as stated is not feasible. This implies that there are practical limitations or challenges in conducting research to directly address this question. It is possible that the question may be difficult to answer due to various factors such as the subjective nature of identifying reasons or the lack of available data on the topic. Therefore, the answer highlights the impracticality of studying the question as it is presented.Rate this question:
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- 11.
“What is the correlation between an index of civic-mindedness and years of involvement in local organizations and charities among members of city councils of selected midsized cities in the northeastern United States?” The chief weakness of this research problem is that:
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It implies only description of the data, not interpretation.
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It does not lead to the creation/discovery of new information.
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It lacks clarity or completeness in the problem statement.
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Studying the question as stated is not feasible.
Correct Answer
A. It implies only description of the data, not interpretation.Explanation
The correct answer is that the research problem implies only description of the data, not interpretation. This means that the problem statement focuses solely on gathering information about the correlation between civic-mindedness and years of involvement in local organizations and charities among city council members, without providing any insight or analysis of the findings. It does not aim to interpret the data or draw any conclusions, limiting the potential value and impact of the research.Rate this question:
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- 12.
“Among social workers in selected U.S. urban areas, are the personality characteristics of Need for Structure or In-Group Preference related to prejudicial social judgments about African Americans, Latino Americans, or Asian Americans?” Which of the following is a well-stated subproblem that follows from this research problem?
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Which group is more discriminated against by the public at large in each of the selected areas: African Americans, Latino Americans, or Asian Americans?
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What is the most valid existing measure of In-Group Preference?
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What is the relationship between an index of Need for Structure and an index of prejudice targeting attitudes about Asian Americans among the selected social workers?
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Which analytic technique is best suited to addressing the research problem, multiple regression or path analysis?
Correct Answer
A. What is the relationship between an index of Need for Structure and an index of prejudice targeting attitudes about Asian Americans among the selected social workers?Explanation
The question asks about the relationship between the personality characteristic of Need for Structure and prejudicial attitudes towards Asian Americans among social workers. This is a well-stated subproblem because it directly addresses the research problem by examining the specific relationship between these two variables. It focuses on one specific group (Asian Americans) and one specific personality characteristic (Need for Structure), allowing for a more focused and targeted analysis.Rate this question:
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- 13.
In regard to research questions and hypotheses, a high-quality research study will:
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Articulate only research questions, not hypotheses, so as not to constrain the possible findings.
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Articulate only hypotheses, not research questions, in order to preserve the scientific rigor of the investigation.
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Focus only on those questions that can support the correctness of current hypotheses or theoretical positions.
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Articulate either research questions or hypotheses depending on the nature of the study.
Correct Answer
A. Articulate either research questions or hypotheses depending on the nature of the study.Explanation
A high-quality research study will articulate either research questions or hypotheses depending on the nature of the study. This means that the researcher should choose whether to use research questions or hypotheses based on the specific goals and objectives of the study. Research questions are typically used when there is a need to explore a topic or phenomenon, while hypotheses are used when there is a need to test specific predictions or relationships. By allowing for the use of either research questions or hypotheses, the researcher can ensure that the study is designed in a way that best fits the research objectives.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Which of the following represents a null hypothesis?
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Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist.
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There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not.
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Does incorporating relaxation exercises into the daily practice routine of college vocal majors enhance their performance confidence?
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not.Explanation
The correct answer represents a null hypothesis because it states that there will be no difference in the rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not. A null hypothesis is a statement that assumes there is no significant relationship or difference between variables being studied. In this case, the null hypothesis assumes that practicing meditation does not have an impact on the rate of skill improvement for college gymnasts.Rate this question:
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- 15.
Which of the following represents a research hypothesis?
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Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist.
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There will be no difference in rate of skill improvement between college gymnasts who practice meditation and those who do not.
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Does incorporating relaxation exercises into the daily practice routine of college vocal majors enhance their performance confidence?
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None of the above
Correct Answer
A. Class A high school basketball teams who employ a sports psychologist will have a higher proportion of wins over the course of the season than comparable teams who do not employ a sports psychologist.Explanation
The correct answer represents a research hypothesis because it proposes a relationship between two variables (employing a sports psychologist and proportion of wins) and suggests that one variable (employing a sports psychologist) will have an effect on the other variable (proportion of wins). This hypothesis can be tested through research and data analysis to determine if there is a statistically significant relationship between the two variables.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The recommended order of tasks in preparing a research proposal is:
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State the problem and subproblems, note the assumptions, note the delimitations, define the terms, note the research questions/hypotheses.
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State the problem and subproblems, note the delimitations, note the research questions/hypotheses, note the assumptions, define the terms.
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State the problem and subproblems, note the research questions/hypotheses, note the assumptions, define the terms, note the delimitations.
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State the problem and subproblems, note the research questions/hypotheses, note the delimitations, define the terms, note the assumptions.
Correct Answer
A. State the problem and subproblems, note the research questions/hypotheses, note the delimitations, define the terms, note the assumptions.Explanation
The recommended order of tasks in preparing a research proposal is to first state the problem and subproblems, followed by noting the research questions/hypotheses, then noting the delimitations, defining the terms, and finally noting the assumptions. This order ensures that the researcher first identifies the main problem and subproblems to be addressed, then formulates specific research questions or hypotheses to guide the study. Next, the researcher establishes the boundaries or limitations of the study, defines key terms to avoid ambiguity, and acknowledges any assumptions made in the research. This sequence allows for a logical and systematic approach to developing a research proposal.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Three of the following comprise the setting of the research problem. Which one does NOT?
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A clear description of all measurement tools to be used in the research project
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A clear statement of what the researcher will and will not do in the course of the study
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A clear statement of the assumptions on which the research problem rests
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A clear definition of all terms related to the research problem that might be misunderstood by a reader
Correct Answer
A. A clear description of all measurement tools to be used in the research projectExplanation
The correct answer is "A clear description of all measurement tools to be used in the research project" because the setting of the research problem refers to the context and background of the study, including the problem statement, research questions, and the theoretical framework. It does not specifically include a detailed description of the measurement tools to be used.Rate this question:
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- 18.
The best person to select to critique your manuscript is:
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Your spouse or another person whom you know very well.
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A colleague who is very familiar with your work.
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A colleague who does not follow your work closely.
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A stranger off the street.
Correct Answer
A. A colleague who does not follow your work closely.Explanation
The best person to select to critique your manuscript is a colleague who does not follow your work closely. This is because they can provide a fresh perspective and unbiased feedback. Colleagues who are very familiar with your work may have preconceived notions or biases that could affect their critique. On the other hand, a stranger off the street may not have the necessary expertise or understanding of your field to provide valuable feedback. Therefore, a colleague who is unfamiliar with your work but still knowledgeable in the field is the ideal choice for a fair and objective critique.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Colloquial expressions such as the wind in his sails died or approximations of quantity such as the lion's share of:
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Reduce word precision and clarity.
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Add warmth to dull scientific prose.
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Have a place even in serious academic writing.
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Can be used to enhance communication.
Correct Answer
A. Reduce word precision and clarity.Explanation
Colloquial expressions and approximations of quantity can reduce word precision and clarity in writing. These types of expressions are often informal and may not convey the exact meaning or precise information that is necessary in academic writing. Using these expressions can lead to ambiguity and confusion for the reader, as they may not fully understand the intended message. Therefore, it is best to avoid such expressions in serious academic writing to maintain clarity and precision of language.Rate this question:
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- 20.
Choose the best strategy for improving your writing style:
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Write from an outline.
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Put aside the first draft, then reread it after a delay.
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Ask a colleague to critique the first draft for you.
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Begin writing close to a deadline to enhance your motivation.
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Any of the above except d can be used, but the strategy must match your personality and work habits.
Correct Answer
A. Any of the above except d can be used, but the strategy must match your personality and work habits.Explanation
The correct answer states that any of the strategies mentioned (writing from an outline, rereading after a delay, asking for critique, and matching strategy to personality/work habits) can be used to improve writing style. However, it excludes option d, which suggests beginning writing close to a deadline to enhance motivation. The explanation emphasizes that the chosen strategy should align with one's personality and work habits, indicating the importance of finding an approach that suits individual preferences and characteristics.Rate this question:
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Mar 22, 2023Quiz Edited by
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Aug 15, 2012Quiz Created by
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