Leaven Cell Quiz 2

The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. It allows essential nutrients and molecules to enter the cell while preventing harmful substances from entering. Additionally, waste products and other molecules that are not needed by the cell are expelled through the cell membrane. Therefore, it can be concluded that the statement "The Cell membrane controls what goes in and out of the cell" is true.

The correct answer is "The smallest units of structure and function in living things." This answer accurately describes the definition of a cell in biological science. Cells are the basic building blocks of life and are responsible for carrying out all of the necessary functions for an organism to survive and thrive. They are the smallest units that can independently carry out the processes of life, including metabolism, reproduction, and responding to stimuli.

A membrane acts like a window screen, allowing certain things to pass through while keeping others out. This implies that a membrane has selective permeability, allowing only specific substances or particles to cross it. Therefore, the statement "A membrane is a material which functions like a window screen. It allows some things in keeps some things out" is true.

The statement suggests that the functions mentioned, such as breathing, eating, removing waste, communicating, using energy, and reproducing, are applicable to both humans and cells. Since cells are the basic building blocks of living organisms, it is true that they also possess these capabilities.

Plants take in the sun's energy through the process of photosynthesis, where they convert sunlight into chemical energy. This energy is then used to produce high-energy carbohydrates, such as glucose, which serves as a fuel source for the plant. While chlorophyll and chloroplasts are essential components for photosynthesis to occur, they are not directly responsible for absorbing the sun's energy. Therefore, the correct answer is sunlight.

The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, including water, oxygen, and waste products. It acts as a selectively permeable barrier, allowing certain molecules to pass through while preventing others from entering or leaving the cell. This regulation is crucial for maintaining the cell's internal environment and ensuring proper functioning. The production of proteins, mitochondria, and chromatin are not directly controlled by the cell membrane.

False. Plant cells have both a cell membrane and a cell wall. The cell membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Additionally, plant cells have a cell wall, which provides structural support and protection for the cell. The cell wall is composed of cellulose and other polysaccharides.

Chlorophyll is the correct answer because it is a green pigment found in chloroplasts, which are the organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants. Chlorophyll absorbs energy from sunlight and is essential for converting light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP. It is located in the thylakoid membranes within the chloroplasts, where it plays a crucial role in capturing and transferring energy during the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.

Eukaryotic cells are indeed larger and more complex compared to prokaryotic cells. One of the key differences is that eukaryotic cells have a distinct nucleus, while prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid region where their genetic material is located. Additionally, eukaryotic DNA is linear, meaning it is organized into chromosomes, while prokaryotic DNA is circular and has only one origin of replication. Lastly, prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles in their cytoplasm, which are present in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, the statement that eukaryotic cells are much larger and more complex, have a nucleus, linear DNA, and contain organelles in their cytoplasm is true.

During cellular respiration, food molecules are broken down to release energy. This process occurs in the mitochondria of cells and involves the breakdown of glucose through a series of chemical reactions. The energy released is used to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which is the main energy currency of cells. Oxygen is required for cellular respiration to occur, but it is not broken down itself. Water and carbon dioxide are byproducts of cellular respiration, but they are not broken down to release energy.

During photosynthesis, the light reactions occur in the thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts. These reactions capture light energy and convert it into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. As a byproduct of these reactions, oxygen gas (O2) is released into the atmosphere. This oxygen is essential for the survival of many organisms, including humans, as it is used in cellular respiration to produce energy. Therefore, the correct answer is "release oxygen."

Mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell because they are responsible for producing energy in the form of ATP through cellular respiration. They have their own DNA and are able to self-replicate, which supports the theory that they were once free-living organisms that formed a symbiotic relationship with eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria have a double membrane structure, with the inner membrane containing folds called cristae that increase the surface area for ATP production. This energy production process makes mitochondria essential for the functioning of cells and is why they are considered the "powerhouse" of the cell.

In a multi-cellular organism, cells are the basic building blocks. These cells come together to form tissues, which are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. Tissues then combine to form organs, which are structures made up of different types of tissues that work together to carry out specific functions in the body. Finally, organs work together in organ systems, which are groups of organs that work together to perform complex functions necessary for the organism's survival. Therefore, the correct order of organization in a multi-cellular organism is cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems.

Animal cells can come in a variety of shapes, including round, oval, and irregular. Therefore, it is incorrect to say that all animal cells are basically round or oval in shape.

Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in the cell, making them the "protein factories" of the cell. They play a crucial role in translating the genetic information stored in the DNA into functional proteins. Ribosomes are composed of RNA and proteins and can be found either floating freely in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They are not involved in energy production, transportation of materials, or vesicle production.

The correct answer is that cells can be different from each other and are specialized to perform specific functions. This means that not all cells in the body are the same, but rather they have different structures and functions based on their specialized roles. This specialization allows cells to work together in tissues, organs, and organ systems to maintain the overall health and functioning of the body.

The correct answer summarizes the process of photosynthesis as the conversion of carbon dioxide (6CO2) and water (6H2O) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (6O2) with the help of energy.

Cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide, water, and energy in the form of ATP. Oxygen is required for cellular respiration to occur, but it is not released as a byproduct. Carbon monoxide is a toxic gas and is not released during cellular respiration. Lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration, not cellular respiration. Therefore, the correct answer is energy, as cellular respiration releases energy that is essential for various cellular activities.

Animal cells are not bound by a cell wall. Unlike plant cells, animal cells do not have a rigid cell wall made of cellulose. Instead, animal cells are surrounded by a flexible cell membrane that allows for movement and communication with other cells. The absence of a cell wall in animal cells allows them to have a more dynamic and versatile structure.

Ribosomes are the only organelle that is shared by plant and animal cells as well as bacteria. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis in all living organisms. They can be found free-floating in the cytoplasm or attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. Since proteins are essential for the functioning of all cells, ribosomes are necessary for the survival of plant and animal cells as well as bacteria.

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, while cellular respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose into energy. The other options, mitochondria, glucose production, and genes, are all directly involved in cellular respiration. Therefore, photosynthesis is not part of cellular respiration.

Plants store energy in the form of glucose. Glucose is produced during photosynthesis, where plants convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. Glucose is then stored in the plant cells and used as a source of energy for various metabolic processes.

The genetic material in bacteria is located in the cytoplasm, while in plant and animal cells, it is found in the nucleus. This difference in location is due to the presence of a membrane-bound nucleus in plant and animal cells, which separates the genetic material from the cytoplasm. In bacteria, however, there is no membrane-bound nucleus, so the genetic material is free-floating in the cytoplasm. This distinction in location is a fundamental difference between the organization of genetic material in bacteria and plant and animal cells.

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The cell membrane is not located in the cytoplasm. The cell membrane, also known as the plasma membrane, is a thin layer of lipids and proteins that surrounds the cytoplasm of a cell. It acts as a barrier, controlling the movement of substances in and out of the cell. While glucose, vacuoles, and photosynthesis are all processes or structures that can be found within the cytoplasm of a cell, the cell membrane is not one of them.

A prokaryote is an organism that lacks a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. They typically have a single circular chromosome and are found in bacteria and archaea. Animals and plants, on the other hand, are eukaryotes, which have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles. Therefore, the statement that prokaryotes include animals, plants, and bacteria is false.