Latin America, 1945-present Form Ab Chapter 22

1.

What factors led to the PRI's loss of political power in Mexico?

2.

What types of policies have characterized the rule of LatinAmerican military governments since 1945? Discuss at least three specific examples.

3.

23. When did Latin America have the greatest population increase?

A.

1960s
B.

1970s
C.

1980s
D.

1990s

Correct Answer
C. 1980s

Explanation
In the 1980s, Latin America experienced the greatest population increase. This can be attributed to several factors such as improved healthcare, decreased infant mortality rates, and increased access to education. Additionally, during this time, there was a significant increase in urbanization and migration from rural to urban areas, leading to a higher concentration of population in cities. Economic growth and political stability in some countries also contributed to a higher birth rate and overall population growth in the region during the 1980s.

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4.

Where did a military leader nullify election results?

A.

Argentina
B.

Chile
C.

Panama
D.

Peru

Correct Answer
C. Panama

Explanation
In Panama, a military leader nullified election results.

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5.

Where did the military first stage a takeover?

A.

Argentina
B.

Chile
C.

Panama
D.

Peru

Correct Answer
A. Argentina

Explanation
The military first staged a takeover in Argentina.

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6.

"Beginning in 1986, Brazil's gross domestic product grew at an annual rate of 10 [percent]. .. . The consequences of this 'miracle' were the impoverishment of Brazilian people. Between 1960 and 1970 the 20 [percent] of the population with the highest income increased its share of the national income from 54.5 [percent] to 64.1 [percent], while the remaining 80 [percent] saw its share reduced from 45.5 [percent] to 36.8 [percent]. ... In the same period the 1 [percent] of the population that represented the richest group increased its share of the national income from 11.7 [percent] to 17 [percent]." —Latin American Civilization: History and Society, 1492 to the Present, Benjamin Keene, 1996 According to this passage, which of the following statements is TRUE?

A.

In 1970, the share of national income received by the richest 1 percent was roughly half the share received by the poorest 80 percent.
B.

In 1970, the division of national income between the top 20 percent and the remaining 80 percent was roughly two-thirds to one-third.
C.

Between 1960 and 1970, the share of national income received by the top 1 percent increased by about half.
D.

All of the statements are true.

Correct Answer
D. All of the statements are true.

Explanation
The passage states that between 1960 and 1970, the share of national income received by the richest 1 percent increased from 11.7 percent to 17 percent. This supports the statement that between 1960 and 1970, the share of national income received by the top 1 percent increased by about half. The passage also mentions that in 1970, the 20 percent of the population with the highest income increased its share of the national income from 54.5 percent to 64.1 percent, while the remaining 80 percent saw its share reduced from 45.5 percent to 36.8 percent. This supports the statement that in 1970, the division of national income between the top 20 percent and the remaining 80 percent was roughly two-thirds to one-third. Finally, the passage does not provide specific information about the share of national income received by the poorest 80 percent in 1970, so it is possible that it was roughly half the share received by the richest 1 percent. Therefore, all of the statements are true.

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7.

"It is not easy to live in a war zone. The least of it was my being kidnapped by contras earlier this year. The hard part is seeing people die and consoling families.... In those eight hours I was held, as I walked in a column of 60 or so men and a few women—all in uniform—I could hear shooting and I realized that people I knew were being killed. Earlier I had seen bodies being brought back to town some burned, some cut to pieces." —Latin American Civilization: History and Society, 1492 to the Present, Benjamin Keene, 27. Whom did the person speaking identify as her captors?

A.

Marxist guerrillas
B.

Contras
C.

Sandinistas
D.

Bandits

Correct Answer
B. Contras

Explanation
The person speaking identified the contras as her captors. This is evident from the statement "The least of it was my being kidnapped by contras earlier this year." The term "contras" refers to the counter-revolutionary groups that opposed the Sandinista government in Nicaragua during the 1980s.

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