1.
Berikut ini yang bukan merupakan penyebab pencemaran air adalah... .
Correct Answer
D. Memancing ikan secara berlebihan
Explanation
Memancing ikan secara berlebihan bukan merupakan penyebab pencemaran air karena kegiatan ini tidak langsung menyebabkan terjadinya polusi air. Pencemaran air biasanya disebabkan oleh pembuangan sampah, limbah pabrik, atau penggunaan pestisida yang berlebihan yang dapat mencemari kualitas air. Memancing ikan secara berlebihan mungkin dapat mengganggu ekosistem perairan dan mengurangi populasi ikan, tetapi tidak secara langsung mencemari air.
2.
Berikut ini yang bukan merupakan bahan pencemar air adalah... .
Correct Answer
B. Air hujan
Explanation
Air hujan bukan merupakan bahan pencemar air karena air hujan adalah air murni yang terbentuk melalui proses alami penguapan dan kondensasi. Air hujan tidak mengandung zat-zat kimia atau polutan seperti insektisida, limbah laundry, atau limbah minyak yang dapat mencemari air. Sebaliknya, air hujan sebenarnya dapat membantu membersihkan lingkungan dan mengurangi tingkat pencemaran air. Oleh karena itu, air hujan dianggap sebagai air yang bersih dan alami.
3.
Tanda-tanda yang tampak pada air sungai tercemar yaitu... .
Correct Answer
D. Ditumbuhi enceng gondok
Explanation
The presence of enceng gondok (water hyacinth) indicates that the river water is polluted. Water hyacinths thrive in polluted water due to the excess nutrients present in the water, such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Therefore, the fact that the river is overgrown with water hyacinths suggests that there is pollution in the water. The other options (clear and colorless water, presence of small fish, and no odor) do not necessarily indicate pollution, as they can also be found in clean and healthy river systems.
4.
Dampak yang timbul akibat membuang limbah detergen ke sungai adalah... .
Correct Answer
C. Tumbuhnya enceng gondok yang berlebihan
Explanation
When detergent waste is disposed of in a river, it can lead to excessive growth of water hyacinth (enceng gondok). This is because detergents contain phosphates, which act as fertilizers for aquatic plants like water hyacinth. The excessive growth of water hyacinth can disrupt the natural balance of the ecosystem, causing harm to other aquatic organisms by depleting oxygen levels and blocking sunlight. Therefore, the correct answer is "tumbuhnya enceng gondok yang berlebihan" (excessive growth of water hyacinth).
5.
Di kota kondisi air cukup memprihatinkan. Warna airnya hitam dan berbau tidak sedap. Usaha apa yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi pencemaran air tersebut... .
Correct Answer
C. Membuat saluran pembuangan limbah rumah tangga
Explanation
To address the pollution of the water, creating a proper drainage system for household waste can be a solution. This will help in directing the waste to a treatment facility, preventing it from directly entering the water bodies. By doing so, the black and unpleasant-smelling water can be improved, ensuring a healthier environment for the city.
6.
Pengertian pencemaran lingkungan yang tepat adalah ….
Correct Answer
A. Masukknya polutan ke dalam suatu lingkungan yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas lingkungan
Explanation
The correct answer is "masukknya polutan ke dalam suatu lingkungan yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas lingkungan." This answer accurately defines environmental pollution as the introduction of pollutants into an environment, which leads to a decrease in its quality.
7.
Salah satu upaya mencegah dampak pencemaran udara yaitu... .
Correct Answer
D. Menggunakan bensin tidak bertimbal pada kendaraan bermotor
Explanation
Using unleaded gasoline in motor vehicles is one of the efforts to prevent air pollution. Leaded gasoline contains harmful substances such as lead, which can be released into the air through vehicle emissions. By using unleaded gasoline, the amount of lead released into the air is reduced, thereby reducing air pollution. This is an effective measure to mitigate the negative impacts of air pollution on human health and the environment.
8.
Dampak yang timbul akibat penggunaan gas CFC pada kulkas dan AC adalah... .
Correct Answer
C. Rusaknya lapisan ozon
Explanation
The correct answer is "rusaknya lapisan ozon" which means "depletion of the ozone layer" in English. CFC gases, commonly used in refrigerators and air conditioners, have been found to be major contributors to the depletion of the ozone layer. When released into the atmosphere, CFCs break down and release chlorine atoms, which then react with ozone molecules, causing the ozone layer to thin and allowing harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation to reach the Earth's surface. This depletion of the ozone layer has significant negative consequences for human health, ecosystems, and climate.
9.
Contoh penyebab polusi udara karena faktor alam adalah... .
Correct Answer
C. Gas dari akivitas gunung berapi
Explanation
Gas dari aktivitas gunung berapi dapat menjadi penyebab polusi udara karena gunung berapi mengeluarkan berbagai gas seperti sulfur dioksida, karbon dioksida, nitrogen dioksida, dan partikel-partikel kecil. Gas-gas ini dapat mencapai atmosfer dan mencemari udara, menyebabkan kualitas udara yang buruk dan berdampak negatif pada kesehatan manusia serta lingkungan sekitarnya.
10.
Bisnis pencucian mobil dan motor sangat menguntungkan. Tanpa disadari limbah cair cucian tersebut dibuang ke saluran sungai. Hal ini mengakibatkan pencemaran air yang menyebabkn kualitas air menurun. Usaha untuk menanggulangi pencemaran air tersebut adalah... .
Correct Answer
B. Membuat tempat penanggulangan limbah cair khusus
Explanation
The correct answer is to create a specific waste treatment facility. This is because the problem mentioned in the question is the pollution of water caused by the disposal of liquid waste from car and motorcycle washing businesses into rivers. By creating a specific waste treatment facility, the liquid waste can be properly treated and prevented from polluting the water, thus improving water quality.
11.
Di bawah ini yang BUKAN merupakan gas-gas yang mencemari udara adalah... .
Correct Answer
A. O2
Explanation
O2 is not considered a pollutant because it is a naturally occurring gas and is essential for supporting life. It is a vital component of the Earth's atmosphere and is necessary for respiration in both plants and animals. On the other hand, CO, CFC, and NO2 are all pollutants that contribute to air pollution and have harmful effects on the environment and human health. CO is produced from the incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, CFCs are synthetic compounds that deplete the ozone layer, and NO2 is a byproduct of burning fossil fuels and contributes to smog formation.
12.
Berikut ini merupakan polutan bagi ekosistem air adalah . . .
Correct Answer
D. Insektisida, pestisida, dan detergen
Explanation
The correct answer is "insektisida, pestisida, dan detergen." Insektisida, pestisida, dan detergen are all pollutants that can negatively impact water ecosystems. Insektisida and pestisida are chemicals used to kill insects and pests, but they can also harm aquatic organisms if they enter water bodies. Detergen is a cleaning agent that contains chemicals harmful to aquatic life if discharged into water systems. These pollutants can disrupt the balance of the ecosystem, leading to the decline of certain species and overall ecosystem degradation.
13.
Komponen penyebab pencemaran disebut... .
Correct Answer
D. Polutan
Explanation
Polutan adalah komponen penyebab pencemaran. Polutan merujuk pada zat-zat atau bahan-bahan yang mencemari lingkungan, seperti polusi udara, polusi air, atau polusi tanah. Jadi, polutan adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk menggambarkan zat-zat yang menyebabkan pencemaran.
14.
Gas beracun yang bisa berikatan dengan hemoglobin darah, serta menggantikan kedudukan oksigen dalam pernapasan yaitu... .
Correct Answer
B. CO
Explanation
Carbon monoxide (CO) is a poisonous gas that can bind to hemoglobin in the blood and replace oxygen, leading to a lack of oxygen supply to the body's tissues. This can result in symptoms such as headache, dizziness, confusion, and in severe cases, it can be fatal. CO is produced by the incomplete combustion of fuels such as gas, oil, and coal. It is important to be aware of the dangers of CO and to ensure proper ventilation and maintenance of appliances to prevent its buildup.
15.
Untuk menciptakan kelestarian lingkungan sungai yang ada di daerah pemukiman yang berdekatan dengan pabrik, maka upaya yang dapat dilakukan yaitu... .
Correct Answer
C. Memproses limbah yang dihasilkan
Explanation
To create environmental sustainability for the rivers in residential areas near factories, the most effective measure is to process the waste generated by the factories. This means implementing proper waste management practices to treat and dispose of the waste in an environmentally friendly manner. By processing the waste, the harmful pollutants can be removed or reduced, minimizing the negative impact on the rivers and surrounding ecosystems. Relocating the residents or closing down the factory may not address the root cause of the pollution, while relocating the factory may simply transfer the problem to a different area.
16.
Suatu zat disebut polutan apabila memenuhi syarat berikut,
kecuali... .
Correct Answer
B. Tidak merugikan
Explanation
A substance is considered a pollutant if it meets the following criteria: it exceeds normal levels, is harmful, is in the wrong place, or is present at the wrong time. The option "tidak merugikan" (not harmful) does not meet the criteria of being a pollutant, as pollutants are expected to cause harm or damage.
17.
Berkaitan dengan pencemaran udara, program reboisasi bertujuan
untuk... .
Correct Answer
A. Mengurangi karbondioksida
Explanation
The correct answer is "mengurangi karbondioksida" which means "reduce carbon dioxide". Reboisasi, or reforestation, involves planting trees to replace those that have been cut down or destroyed. Trees play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere through photosynthesis, helping to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and combat air pollution. Therefore, reforestation programs aim to increase the number of trees and ultimately reduce the levels of carbon dioxide in the air.
18.
Lapisan ozon yang melingkupi bumi semakin tipis akibat tingginya kadar CFC di udara. CFC terdapat pada benda berikut ini, kecuali ...
Correct Answer
B. Limbah cair pabrik
Explanation
The correct answer is "limbah cair pabrik". This is because CFC (chlorofluorocarbon) is commonly found in aerosol sprays, including cosmetic sprays and spray paint for cars. It is also used as a refrigerant in car air conditioners. However, it is not typically found in liquid waste from factories.
19.
Populasi tanaman enceng gondok yang terlalu berlebihan di Danau Rawa Pening dapat
merupakan polutan bagi air karena... .
Correct Answer
B. Meningkatkan kadar karbon dioksida dalam air
Explanation
Populasi tanaman enceng gondok yang terlalu berlebihan di Danau Rawa Pening dapat meningkatkan kadar karbon dioksida dalam air. Tanaman enceng gondok melakukan proses fotosintesis yang membutuhkan karbon dioksida. Jika populasi tanaman ini terlalu berlebihan, maka akan terjadi peningkatan konsumsi karbon dioksida dalam air. Hal ini dapat mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem air dan menyebabkan penurunan kadar oksigen dalam air, yang berdampak buruk bagi organisme air lainnya.
20.
Salah satu cara manusia dalam melestarikan lingkungan yaitu melalui cara... .
Correct Answer
C. Menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem
Explanation
Manusia dapat melestarikan lingkungan dengan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem. Hal ini penting karena ekosistem yang sehat dan seimbang akan mendukung keberlanjutan kehidupan di bumi. Dengan menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem, manusia dapat memastikan bahwa populasi hewan dan tumbuhan tetap stabil, rantai makanan berfungsi dengan baik, dan sumber daya alam terjaga. Selain itu, menjaga keseimbangan ekosistem juga melibatkan pengendalian polusi, pencegahan deforestasi, dan perlindungan terhadap habitat alami. Semua tindakan ini akan membantu melestarikan lingkungan dan menjaga keberlanjutan planet kita.