Language Principles
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ESOL test prep
- 1.Define Acquisition of Phonology
- A.
The study of word formation and its internal structure
- B.
The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences
- C.
Breaking words into smaller units of sound pronunciation and how those sounds are organized
- D.
Minimal meaningful units in a language
- 2.What is the difference between a morpheme and a phoneme?
- A.
Morphemes are the minimal meaningful units in a language ex. play er s and phonemes are the smallest units of sound when a word is pronounced
- B.
Morphemes are the smallest sounds in a word, phonemes are the minimal meaningful units of language
- C.
They both have roots in the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences
- 3.Which words are homonyms?
- A.
Left and left
- B.
Weight and wait
- C.
Produce and produce
- D.
Close and close
- E.
Their and there
- 4.Which words are homophones?
- A.
Wait and weight
- B.
Wind and wind
- C.
Fair and fare
- D.
Tear and tear
- 5.Most errors made in the student's L1 and L2 are considered to be
- A.
Are because the student is trying to speak at a level higher than their ability in L2
- B.
Are due to a student trying to speak in their L1
- C.
Because they don't have models of good L2 speakers
- D.
Developmental due to context and learning environment
- 6.Pragmatics is the study of how people use language within a context. What is the physical?
- A.
Refers to the background knowledge that the speakers share
- B.
When the conversation takes place, what objects are present, and what actions are happening
- C.
Refers to things that were said previously
- D.
Refers to the social relationship and setting of the speakers and listeners
- 7.What is the order of acquisition of syntax (how sentences are formed)?
- A.
Questions, length, plurals, negatives
- B.
Negatives, plurals, questions, length
- C.
Questions, negatives, plurals, length
- D.
Length, plurals, negatives, questions
- 8.What should teachers do instead of asking students to answer in complete sentences?
- A.
Help students string words together into coherent groupings
- B.
Focus only on the literal meaning of words
- C.
Carefully evaluate directions for words that students may need help to understand as a beginning L1
- D.
Focus and correct contextual errors
- 9.What term is used to describe the learner's ability to appropriately engage in conversation?
- A.
Syntax
- B.
Grammatical structure
- C.
Discourse competence
- D.
Developmental pragmatics
- 10.What should teachers encourage an ESL student to do?
- A.
Speak and write only in their L2
- B.
Speak and write in their L1 and learn to master the L2
- C.
Speak the L2 fluently and then focus on writing
- D.
Speak the L1 at home and the L2 in school
- 11.In what ways has the English language changed?
- A.
Syllable reduction
- B.
Phonologically sounds have been omitted, grammatical structure has been simplified, and the shaw sound is used
- C.
Lexically definitions have changed
- D.
The Great Vowel Shift happened
- 12.Why is English a hard language to master for some cultures?
- A.
Their L1 doesn't use the tip of their tongue so the sounds are difficult to make
- B.
Some languages are timed with syllables that change word meanings
- C.
Intonation patterns are different
- D.
Standard English has 20 vowel sounds and 24 consonants
- 13.Young children learning English as their first language may say such things as /aks/ for "ask" and/wed/ for "red." The phonological process involved in these examples are:
- A.
Metathesis and substitution
- B.
Dissimulation and insertion
- C.
Assimilation and deletion
- D.
Substitution and insertion
- 14.Metathesis is
- A.
Replacing one phoneme with another /dog/ for "dig"
- B.
Altering one phoneme with another /ska/ for "Sack"
- C.
A sound becomes identical with or similar to a neighboring sound /grampa/ for "grandpa"
- 15.How many phonemes does the word skaters have?
- A.
4
- B.
3
- C.
2
- D.
1
- 16.What is the first phoneme most ELLs acquire first?
- A.
Un-
- B.
Re-
- C.
-ing
- D.
-ly
- 17.Person A: The phone!Person B: I'm in the kitchen.Person A: Ok! I'll get it.To understand this dialogue English speakers use:
- A.
Morphophonemic knowledge
- B.
Pragmatics knowledge
- C.
Syntactic knowledge
- D.
Semantic knowledge
- 18.In the word unreasonableness, the underlined part is the
- A.
Prefix
- B.
Root
- C.
Compound
- D.
Suffix
- 19."The minister married my cousin""They're moving sidewalks"Misinterpretation of the statments above is the result of
- A.
Over-extension
- B.
Structural ambiguity
- C.
Redundancy
- D.
Lexical anomaly
- 20.In an assigned essay for a language arts class, a student writes, "If you are interested in dinosaurs and like a good mystery, then you should definitely read this book!" This sentence serves which of the following language functions:
- A.
Commanding
- B.
Reporting
- C.
Persuading
- D.
Requesting
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