Language Principles

1. Define Acquisition of Phonology

The study of word formation and its internal structure

The study of the meaning of words, phrases and sentences

Breaking words into smaller units of sound pronunciation and how those sounds are organized

Minimal meaningful units in a language

2. What is the difference between a morpheme and a phoneme?

Morphemes are the smallest sounds in a word, phonemes are the minimal meaningful units of language

They both have roots in the meaning of words, phrases, and sentences

3. In an assigned essay for a language arts class, a student writes, "If you are interested in dinosaurs and like a good mystery, then you should definitely read this book!" This sentence serves which of the following language functions:

Commanding

Reporting

Persuading

Requesting

4. In what ways has the English language changed?

Syllable reduction

Phonologically sounds have been omitted, grammatical structure has been simplified, and the shaw sound is used

Lexically definitions have changed

The Great Vowel Shift happened

5. What is the first phoneme most ELLs acquire first?

Un-

Re-

-ing

-ly

6. Person A: The phone!
Person B: I'm in the kitchen.
Person A: Ok! I'll get it.

To understand this dialogue English speakers use:

Morphophonemic knowledge

Pragmatics knowledge

Syntactic knowledge

Semantic knowledge

7. What should teachers encourage an ESL student to do?

Speak and write only in their L2

Speak and write in their L1 and learn to master the L2

Speak the L2 fluently and then focus on writing

Speak the L1 at home and the L2 in school

8. Metathesis is

Replacing one phoneme with another /dog/ for "dig"

Altering one phoneme with another /ska/ for "Sack"

A sound becomes identical with or similar to a neighboring sound /grampa/ for "grandpa"

9. What term is used to describe the learner's ability to appropriately engage in conversation?

Syntax

Grammatical structure

Discourse competence

Developmental pragmatics

10. What is the order of acquisition of syntax (how sentences are formed)?

Questions, length, plurals, negatives

Negatives, plurals, questions, length

Questions, negatives, plurals, length

Length, plurals, negatives, questions

11. Pragmatics is the study of how people use language within a context. What is the physical?

Refers to the background knowledge that the speakers share

When the conversation takes place, what objects are present, and what actions are happening

Refers to things that were said previously

Refers to the social relationship and setting of the speakers and listeners

12. "The minister married my cousin"
"They're moving sidewalks"

Misinterpretation of the statments above is the result of

Over-extension

Structural ambiguity

Redundancy

Lexical anomaly

13. Which words are homophones?

Wait and weight

Wind and wind

Fair and fare

Tear and tear

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14. In the word unreasonableness, the underlined part is the

Prefix

Root

Compound

Suffix

15. Young children learning English as their first language may say such things as /aks/ for "ask" and/wed/ for "red." The phonological process involved in these examples are:

Metathesis and substitution

Dissimulation and insertion

Assimilation and deletion

Substitution and insertion

16. How many phonemes does the word skaters have?

4

3

2

1

17. Which words are homonyms?

Left and left

Weight and wait

Produce and produce

Close and close

Their and there

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18. What should teachers do instead of asking students to answer in complete sentences?

Help students string words together into coherent groupings

Focus only on the literal meaning of words

Carefully evaluate directions for words that students may need help to understand as a beginning L1

Focus and correct contextual errors

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19. Why is English a hard language to master for some cultures?

Their L1 doesn't use the tip of their tongue so the sounds are difficult to make

Some languages are timed with syllables that change word meanings

Intonation patterns are different

Standard English has 20 vowel sounds and 24 consonants

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20. Most errors made in the student's L1 and L2 are considered to be

Are because the student is trying to speak at a level higher than their ability in L2

Are due to a student trying to speak in their L1

Because they don't have models of good L2 speakers

Developmental due to context and learning environment

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