John Glenn Genetics Test

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    What is this structure? - ProProfs

    What is this structure?

    • Amino Acids
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John Glenn Genetics Test - Quiz
About This Quiz

Students recall from topics: DNA, Meiosis, Punnett Squares, Dominance, Pedigrees, and Mutation.

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  • 2. 
    What is this?   - ProProfs

    What is this?  

    • Pedigree

    • Punnett Square

    • Phenotype

    • Genetic Engineering

    Correct Answer
    A. Punnett Square
    Explanation
    A Punnett Square is a diagram used in genetics to predict the possible outcomes of a cross between two individuals. It is a visual representation of the possible combinations of alleles that can be inherited from each parent. By using Punnett Squares, scientists can determine the probability of certain traits or genetic disorders being passed on to offspring. Therefore, Punnett Square is the correct answer in this case.

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  • 3. 
    What are the pairs that make up this structure? - ProProfs

    What are the pairs that make up this structure?

    • V-Z , G-C

    • A-Z , G-O

    • V-T , O-C

    • A-T , G-C

    Correct Answer
    A. A-T , G-C
    Explanation
    The given pairs represent the base pairs in DNA structure. A-T and G-C are complementary base pairs, with adenine (A) always pairing with thymine (T) and guanine (G) always pairing with cytosine (C). This is a fundamental principle in DNA structure and replication.

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  • 4. 

    The stronger allele is:

    • Dominant

    • Recessive

    • Complete

    • Incomplete

    Correct Answer
    A. Dominant
    Explanation
    The correct answer is Dominant. In genetics, alleles are different forms of a gene that can occupy the same locus on a chromosome. Dominant alleles are expressed and mask the effects of recessive alleles when present. They determine the phenotype or physical characteristics of an organism. In contrast, recessive alleles are only expressed when there are no dominant alleles present. Complete and incomplete refer to types of dominance, where complete dominance occurs when the dominant allele completely masks the recessive allele, and incomplete dominance occurs when the heterozygous genotype results in a phenotype that is intermediate between the two homozygous genotypes.

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  • 5. 

    What is it when one allele totally dominates over another allele?

    • Partial dominance

    • Complete dominance

    • Half dominance

    • Incomplete dominance

    Correct Answer
    A. Complete dominance
    Explanation
    Complete dominance occurs when one allele completely masks the expression of another allele in a heterozygous individual. In this case, the dominant allele is expressed phenotypically, while the recessive allele remains hidden. This results in a clear distinction between the two possible phenotypes, with no blending or intermediate expression observed.

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  • 6. 

    The weaker allele is:

    • Dominant

    • Recessive

    • Complete

    • Incomplete

    Correct Answer
    A. Recessive
    Explanation
    The weaker allele is recessive because in genetics, dominant alleles mask the effects of recessive alleles. This means that if an individual has one dominant allele and one recessive allele for a particular trait, only the dominant allele will be expressed. The recessive allele will only be expressed if an individual has two copies of it. Therefore, the recessive allele is considered weaker because its effects are only observed when it is present in both copies.

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  • 7. 

    Create a Punnett Square to cross a male "XY" and a female "XX."  What percentage of the offspring will be "XY"?

    • 0 %

    • 25 %

    • 50 %

    • 75 %

    Correct Answer
    A. 50 %
    Explanation
    When crossing a male "XY" with a female "XX" in a Punnett Square, the possible combinations of alleles are "XX" and "XY". Since only one out of the two possible combinations results in an "XY" genotype, the percentage of offspring that will be "XY" is 50%.

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  • 8. 

    How many chromosomes do humans have?

    • 6 chromosomes

    • 18 chromosomes

    • 23 chromosomes

    • 46 chromosomes

    Correct Answer
    A. 46 chromosomes
    Explanation
    Humans have 46 chromosomes. Chromosomes are thread-like structures made of DNA that carry genetic information. They are found in the nucleus of every cell in our body. Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes, with one set inherited from each parent. Each pair consists of two chromosomes, one from the mother and one from the father, making a total of 46 chromosomes. This includes 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes (XX for females and XY for males). The correct answer is 46 chromosomes.

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  • 9. 

    Create a Punnett square to cross two dragons with "Tt."  What percentage of their offspring will be "Tt"?

    • 25 %

    • 50 %

    • 75 %

    • 100 %

    Correct Answer
    A. 50 %
    Explanation
    When creating a Punnett square, you can determine the possible combinations of alleles that the offspring can inherit from their parents. In this case, since both dragons have a genotype of "Tt," they can each pass on either a "T" or a "t" allele to their offspring. When you create the Punnett square, you will see that there are four possible combinations: TT, Tt, tT, and tt. Out of these four combinations, two of them (Tt and tT) have the "Tt" genotype. Therefore, 50% of their offspring will have the "Tt" genotype.

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  • 10. 

    What type of mutation removes the DNA code?

    • Secretion

    • Inversion

    • Deletion

    • Insertion

    Correct Answer
    A. Deletion
    Explanation
    Deletion is a type of mutation that removes a section of the DNA code. This means that a portion of the genetic material is lost or deleted from the DNA sequence. Deletions can vary in size, ranging from a single nucleotide to large segments of DNA. This type of mutation can have significant effects on the functioning of genes and can lead to genetic disorders or diseases.

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  • 11. 
    What is structure

    What is structure "B"?

    • Nucleus

    • Cell Membrane

    • Chromosome

    • Mitochondria

    • Golgi Complex

    Correct Answer
    A. Chromosome
    Explanation
    Chromosome is the correct answer because it is a structure that contains genetic material and is responsible for carrying the hereditary information of an organism. It is found in the nucleus of a cell and plays a crucial role in cell division and passing on genetic traits to offspring. The other options, such as Nucleus, Cell Membrane, Mitochondria, and Golgi Complex, are different cellular structures with their own distinct functions, but they do not specifically refer to the structure "B" mentioned in the question.

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  • 12. 
    What is structure

    What is structure "A"?

    • Nucleus

    • Cell Membrane

    • Chromosome

    • Mitochondria

    • Golgi Complex

    Correct Answer
    A. Cell Membrane
    Explanation
    The structure "A" refers to the cell membrane. The cell membrane is a thin, flexible barrier that surrounds the cell and separates the internal environment of the cell from the external environment. It is composed of a lipid bilayer with embedded proteins that regulate the movement of substances in and out of the cell. The cell membrane is essential for maintaining the integrity and function of the cell.

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  • 13. 

    Which is homozygous dominant?

    • BB

    • Bb

    • Bb

    Correct Answer
    A. BB
    Explanation
    The genotype BB is homozygous dominant because both alleles are the same and dominant, resulting in the expression of the dominant trait.

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  • 14. 
    What is structure

    What is structure "C"?

    • Nucleus

    • Cell Membrane

    • Chromosome

    • Mitochondria

    • Golgi Complex

    Correct Answer
    A. Nucleus
    Explanation
    The structure "C" refers to the nucleus. The nucleus is a membrane-bound organelle found in eukaryotic cells. It contains the cell's genetic material, which is organized into chromosomes. The nucleus controls the cell's activities and is responsible for the storage, replication, and transmission of genetic information.

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  • 15. 
    What is structure

    What is structure "B"?

    • Cell

    • Chromosome

    • Gene

    • Gametes

    Correct Answer
    A. Gene
    Explanation
    Structure "B" refers to a specific component or entity. Among the options provided, a gene is the most appropriate answer as it is a fundamental unit of heredity and carries genetic information. Cells, chromosomes, and gametes are all related to genetics, but they are not specific structures themselves. Therefore, gene is the correct answer.

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  • 16. 

    The martian has "purple ears" is an example of a martian's:

    • Genotype

    • Phenotype

    • Pedigree

    • Punnett Square

    Correct Answer
    A. Phenotype
    Explanation
    The term "phenotype" refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, which are determined by both its genetic makeup (genotype) and environmental factors. In this case, the fact that the martian has "purple ears" is a visible trait or characteristic, making it an example of a phenotype.

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  • 17. 

    If red flower color "R" is INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT over white flower color "r" then what would be the color of an individual with "Rr."

    • Red

    • White

    • Pink

    Correct Answer
    A. Pink
    Explanation
    If red flower color "R" is incompletely dominant over white flower color "r," it means that when an individual has one copy of the red allele (R) and one copy of the white allele (r) (Rr), neither allele completely masks the other. In this case, the individual would exhibit a phenotype that is a blend of the two alleles, resulting in a pink color.

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  • 18. 

    What type of mutation adds to the DNA code?

    • Secretion

    • Inversion

    • Deletion

    • Insertion

    Correct Answer
    A. Insertion
    Explanation
    Insertion is a type of mutation that adds extra nucleotides to the DNA code. This can occur during DNA replication when an extra base pair is inserted into the DNA sequence. As a result, the genetic code is altered, which can lead to changes in the protein produced by that gene. Insertion mutations can have significant effects on an organism's phenotype and can cause genetic disorders or diseases.

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  • 19. 

    Dragon's have 6 chromosomes.  How many chromosomes are in one egg?

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

    • 6

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    The question states that dragons have 6 chromosomes. However, it does not specify whether the number of chromosomes in an egg is the same as in a dragon. Therefore, we cannot assume that the number of chromosomes in an egg is 6. Since the question does not provide any additional information, we cannot determine the exact number of chromosomes in one egg. Therefore, the answer is 3, as it is the only option that is not based on an assumption.

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  • 20. 
    What is structure

    What is structure "A"?

    • Cell

    • Chromosome

    • Gene

    • Gametes

    Correct Answer
    A. Chromosome
    Explanation
    A chromosome is a structure that carries genetic information in the form of genes. It is found in the nucleus of cells and is responsible for the transmission of hereditary traits from one generation to the next. Chromosomes are made up of DNA and proteins and are visible under a microscope during cell division. They play a crucial role in determining an individual's characteristics and are passed on through gametes, which are reproductive cells involved in sexual reproduction.

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  • 21. 

    What are the basic units that pass on traits?

    • Genes

    • Cells

    • Nuclei

    • Meiosis

    Correct Answer
    A. Genes
    Explanation
    Genes are the basic units that pass on traits. They are segments of DNA located on chromosomes within the cell nucleus. Genes contain the instructions for making proteins, which are responsible for the expression of traits. During reproduction, genes are passed from parents to offspring, determining the inherited characteristics. Therefore, genes play a crucial role in the transmission of traits from one generation to the next.

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  • 22. 

    DNA is:

    • The code that allows for different forms of genes

    • The chemical code that is made of A, T, G, C

    • The genetic code that chromosomes are made of

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    DNA is all of the above because it is the code that allows for different forms of genes, it is the chemical code that is made of A, T, G, C, and it is also the genetic code that chromosomes are made of. DNA carries the instructions for the development, functioning, and reproduction of all living organisms. It is responsible for the inheritance of traits and plays a crucial role in determining an organism's characteristics.

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  • 23. 

    "Hh" is an example of an organism's:

    • Genotype

    • Phenotype

    • Chromosome

    • Pedigree

    • Punnett Square

    Correct Answer
    A. Genotype
    Explanation
    "Hh" is an example of an organism's genotype because it represents the genetic makeup of the organism. In this case, "Hh" indicates that the organism has two different alleles for a particular gene. The lowercase "h" represents a recessive allele, while the uppercase "H" represents a dominant allele. The genotype determines the traits that an organism inherits and can pass on to its offspring.

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  • 24. 

    Which is heterozygous?

    • BB

    • Bb

    • Bb

    Correct Answer
    A. Bb
    Explanation
    The term "heterozygous" refers to an individual having two different alleles for a particular gene. In this case, the correct answer is Bb because it represents a genotype with one dominant allele (B) and one recessive allele (b). The other options, BB and bb, represent individuals that are homozygous, meaning they have two identical alleles for the gene.

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  • 25. 
    What percentage of offspring are heterozygous? - ProProfs

    What percentage of offspring are heterozygous?

    • 25 %

    • 50 %

    • 75 %

    • 100 %

    Correct Answer
    A. 50 %
    Explanation
    In genetics, heterozygous refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene. When two heterozygous individuals mate, there is a 50% chance that their offspring will inherit one allele from each parent, resulting in them being heterozygous. Therefore, the percentage of offspring that are heterozygous is 50%.

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  • 26. 

    Which is homozygous recessive?

    • BB

    • Bb

    • Bb

    Correct Answer
    A. Bb
    Explanation
    In genetics, the term "homozygous recessive" refers to an individual who carries two copies of the same recessive allele for a particular gene. In this case, the genotype "bb" represents homozygous recessive because both alleles are lowercase "b," indicating the recessive trait. The uppercase "B" represents the dominant allele, so genotypes "BB" and "Bb" would be homozygous dominant and heterozygous, respectively.

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  • 27. 

    What is the physical appearance (visual characteristics) of an organism?

    • Genes

    • Genetic material

    • Genotype

    • Phenotype

    Correct Answer
    A. Phenotype
    Explanation
    Phenotype refers to the physical appearance or visual characteristics of an organism. It encompasses all the observable traits such as height, eye color, hair color, and other physical features that are influenced by both genetic and environmental factors. Genes and genetic material play a role in determining the phenotype, but the phenotype itself refers to the actual physical manifestation of those genes. Therefore, phenotype is the correct answer as it directly relates to the physical appearance of an organism.

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  • 28. 
    How many females did these parents have? - ProProfs

    How many females did these parents have?

    • 1

    • 2

    • 3

    • 4

    Correct Answer
    A. 3
    Explanation
    The parents had three females.

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  • 29. 

    Create a Punnett Square to cross "Rr" and "Rr."  Red flower color "R" is INCOMPLETELY DOMINANT over white flower color "r."   What is the phenotypic ratio?

    • Red: 1 White: 3

    • Red: 2 White 2

    • Red: 0 Pink: 2 White: 2

    • Red: 1 Pink: 2 White: 1

    Correct Answer
    A. Red: 1 Pink: 2 White: 1
    Explanation
    When crossing "Rr" and "Rr", the Punnett Square shows that there is a 25% chance of getting a red flower (RR), a 50% chance of getting a pink flower (Rr), and a 25% chance of getting a white flower (rr). Therefore, the phenotypic ratio is Red: 1, Pink: 2, White: 1.

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  • 30. 

    What process produces gametes (egg and sperm)?

    • Mitosis

    • Fertilization

    • Meiosis

    • Sterilization

    Correct Answer
    A. Meiosis
    Explanation
    Meiosis is the correct answer because it is the process that produces gametes (egg and sperm). During meiosis, a single cell undergoes two rounds of division, resulting in the formation of four haploid cells. These haploid cells are the gametes, which have half the number of chromosomes as the parent cell. This process is essential for sexual reproduction and ensures genetic diversity in offspring.

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  • 31. 

    If two dragons that are "Tt" for tail genes are crossed and "T" is COMPLETELY DOMINANT over 't", what ratio of their offspring will have no spikes.  (TT-spikes, Tt-spikes, tt-no spikes)

    • 0:4

    • 1:4

    • 2:4

    • 3:4

    Correct Answer
    A. 1:4
    Explanation
    When two dragons that are "Tt" for tail genes are crossed, they can produce offspring with different combinations of tail genes. In this case, "T" is completely dominant over "t", which means that if an offspring inherits at least one "T" gene, it will have spikes. Only if an offspring inherits two "t" genes will it have no spikes. Therefore, out of the possible combinations of tail genes (TT, Tt, tt), only one combination (tt) will result in no spikes. The ratio of offspring with no spikes to those with spikes is 1:4.

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  • 32. 

    What is it when the genes in a pair seem to blend together?

    • Heterozygous

    • Homozygous

    • Complete Dominance

    • Incomplete Dominance

    Correct Answer
    A. Incomplete Dominance
    Explanation
    Incomplete dominance occurs when the phenotype of a heterozygous individual is an intermediate blend of the phenotypes of the two homozygous individuals. In this case, the genes in the pair do not completely dominate or mask each other, resulting in a new phenotype that is a combination or blend of the two.

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  • 33. 

    What is an allele?

    • Different forms of traits

    • Different forms of DNA

    • Different forms of genes

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. All of the above
    Explanation
    An allele refers to different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific location on a chromosome. These different forms can result in variations in traits or characteristics expressed by an organism. Since genes are made up of DNA, and traits are determined by genes, all of the given options are correct explanations of what an allele is.

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  • 34. 
    What is the genotype of

    What is the genotype of "A"?

    • Horns

    • No Horns

    • HH

    • Hh

    • Hh

    Correct Answer
    A. Hh
    Explanation
    The genotype of "A" is hh. This is because the options provided represent different genotypes for the presence or absence of horns. "HH" represents the genotype for having horns, "hh" represents the genotype for not having horns, and "Hh" represents the genotype for being a carrier for horns. Since the question specifically asks for the genotype of "A" and the only option that represents not having horns is "hh", it can be concluded that the correct answer is hh.

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  • 35. 
    What is the genotype of

    What is the genotype of "C"?

    • Horns

    • No Horns

    • HH

    • Hh

    • Hh

    Correct Answer
    A. Hh
    Explanation
    The genotype of "C" is Hh because it is a heterozygous combination of the dominant allele (H) for horns and the recessive allele (h) for no horns.

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