This Is A Basic Information Technology Quiz On Computers!

1. A byte consists of

1 bit

8 bits

1 word

8 word

A byte consists of 8 bits. In computer systems, a bit is the smallest unit of information that can be stored or manipulated. It can have a value of either 0 or 1. A byte, on the other hand, is a group of 8 bits. It is commonly used as the basic unit of storage in computer systems and is capable of representing a wider range of values. Therefore, the correct answer is 8 bits.

Explanation

A byte consists of 8 bits. In computer systems, a bit is the smallest unit of information that can be stored or manipulated. It can have a value of either 0 or 1. A byte, on the other hand, is a group of 8 bits. It is commonly used as the basic unit of storage in computer systems and is capable of representing a wider range of values. Therefore, the correct answer is 8 bits.

2. Files on a hard disk are stored in one or more

Memory cells

Channels

Sectors

AND gates

Files on a hard disk are stored in one or more sectors. A sector is a small, fixed-size unit of storage on a hard disk. It is the basic unit used for reading and writing data on the disk. Each sector can hold a specific amount of data, typically 512 bytes or 4 kilobytes. The sectors are organized in a circular pattern on the disk's platters, and the operating system keeps track of the location of each sector using a file system. This allows for efficient storage and retrieval of files on the hard disk.

Explanation

Files on a hard disk are stored in one or more sectors. A sector is a small, fixed-size unit of storage on a hard disk. It is the basic unit used for reading and writing data on the disk. Each sector can hold a specific amount of data, typically 512 bytes or 4 kilobytes. The sectors are organized in a circular pattern on the disk's platters, and the operating system keeps track of the location of each sector using a file system. This allows for efficient storage and retrieval of files on the hard disk.

3. The operating system is a set of _______________ that interface between an application program and the hardware.

Computer chips

Sectors

System software services

Binary operation codes

The operating system acts as a mediator between an application program and the hardware. It provides a range of system software services that enable the application program to interact with the underlying hardware efficiently. These services include managing memory, scheduling tasks, handling input/output operations, and providing a user interface. By providing these services, the operating system abstracts the complexities of the hardware from the application program, allowing it to focus on its specific tasks without needing to directly interact with the hardware components.

Explanation

The operating system acts as a mediator between an application program and the hardware. It provides a range of system software services that enable the application program to interact with the underlying hardware efficiently. These services include managing memory, scheduling tasks, handling input/output operations, and providing a user interface. By providing these services, the operating system abstracts the complexities of the hardware from the application program, allowing it to focus on its specific tasks without needing to directly interact with the hardware components.

4. Bytes or words are the basic addressable units of memory. In order for the processor to be able to access the byte or word, it is assigned a unique ________.

Value

Address

Name

Serial number

In order for the processor to access a byte or word in memory, it needs to be assigned a unique address. This address serves as a location identifier, allowing the processor to locate and retrieve the desired data from memory. The address acts as a reference point for the processor, enabling it to access and manipulate data in the memory system.

Explanation

In order for the processor to access a byte or word in memory, it needs to be assigned a unique address. This address serves as a location identifier, allowing the processor to locate and retrieve the desired data from memory. The address acts as a reference point for the processor, enabling it to access and manipulate data in the memory system.

5. A hard disk has a directory to store file information. Each directory entry contains the following information about a file:

The file's size and starting track number

The file's name and starting track number

The file's name and starting sector number

The file's size and starting sector number

The correct answer is "the file's name and starting sector number". This is because the directory entry needs to store information about the file's name and the starting sector number where the file is located on the hard disk. The file's name is important for identifying the file, and the starting sector number is necessary for locating the file's data on the disk. The file's size and starting track number are not sufficient on their own to uniquely identify and locate the file.

Explanation

The correct answer is "the file's name and starting sector number". This is because the directory entry needs to store information about the file's name and the starting sector number where the file is located on the hard disk. The file's name is important for identifying the file, and the starting sector number is necessary for locating the file's data on the disk. The file's size and starting track number are not sufficient on their own to uniquely identify and locate the file.

6. Which of the following is NOT an advantage of viewing the system as a set of layers?

It allows you to see the details and inner workings within an object

It allows a simplified view of an object

It allows you to focus on the interfaces between the layers

It simplifies the view of the system so that it can be better understood

Viewing the system as a set of layers does not allow you to see the details and inner workings within an object. Instead, it focuses on the interfaces between the layers and provides a simplified view of the object. This approach simplifies the understanding of the system as a whole, but it does not provide a deep insight into the inner workings of individual objects.

Explanation

Viewing the system as a set of layers does not allow you to see the details and inner workings within an object. Instead, it focuses on the interfaces between the layers and provides a simplified view of the object. This approach simplifies the understanding of the system as a whole, but it does not provide a deep insight into the inner workings of individual objects.

7. The binary number 1011 is equivalent to which decimal number and which hex number?

12 decimal and C hex

11 decimal and C hex

12 decimal and B hex

11 decimal and B hex

None of the above

The binary number 1011 is equivalent to the decimal number 11 because the binary number system is a base-2 system, meaning each digit represents a power of 2. In this case, the leftmost digit represents 2^3 (which is 8), the second leftmost digit represents 2^2 (which is 4), the third leftmost digit represents 2^1 (which is 2), and the rightmost digit represents 2^0 (which is 1). Adding these values together (8 + 2 + 1) gives us 11. The binary number 1011 is equivalent to the hex number B because in the hexadecimal system, each digit represents a power of 16. In this case, the leftmost digit represents 16^1 (which is 16) and the rightmost digit represents 16^0 (which is 1). Adding these values together (16 + 1) gives us B.

Explanation

The binary number 1011 is equivalent to the decimal number 11 because the binary number system is a base-2 system, meaning each digit represents a power of 2. In this case, the leftmost digit represents 2^3 (which is 8), the second leftmost digit represents 2^2 (which is 4), the third leftmost digit represents 2^1 (which is 2), and the rightmost digit represents 2^0 (which is 1). Adding these values together (8 + 2 + 1) gives us 11. The binary number 1011 is equivalent to the hex number B because in the hexadecimal system, each digit represents a power of 16. In this case, the leftmost digit represents 16^1 (which is 16) and the rightmost digit represents 16^0 (which is 1). Adding these values together (16 + 1) gives us B.

8. In the processor, the Instruction Counter contains:

The data that is being manipulated

The instruction that is being executed

The address of the next data item to be fetched

The address of the next instruction to be fetched

The Instruction Counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched. This means that it keeps track of the location in memory where the next instruction resides. By storing the address of the next instruction, the processor knows where to fetch the instruction from in order to continue executing the program.

Explanation

The Instruction Counter in the processor holds the address of the next instruction to be fetched. This means that it keeps track of the location in memory where the next instruction resides. By storing the address of the next instruction, the processor knows where to fetch the instruction from in order to continue executing the program.

9. On a mainframe computer, peripheral devices are connected to the system through a ___________ and a ____________.

Channel , I/O control unit

Interface board , buffer

Channel , interface board

Interface board, I/O control unit

Peripheral devices on a mainframe computer are connected to the system through a channel and an I/O control unit. The channel acts as a communication pathway between the mainframe and the peripheral devices, allowing data to be transferred back and forth. The I/O control unit is responsible for managing and controlling the input and output operations of the peripheral devices, ensuring efficient and reliable data transfer. Together, the channel and I/O control unit enable seamless integration and interaction between the mainframe and the peripheral devices.

Explanation

Peripheral devices on a mainframe computer are connected to the system through a channel and an I/O control unit. The channel acts as a communication pathway between the mainframe and the peripheral devices, allowing data to be transferred back and forth. The I/O control unit is responsible for managing and controlling the input and output operations of the peripheral devices, ensuring efficient and reliable data transfer. Together, the channel and I/O control unit enable seamless integration and interaction between the mainframe and the peripheral devices.

10. Secondary storage consists of devices such as the hard disk and CD-ROM. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of secondary storage?

It is high capacity; it typically holds much more than main memory

It is non-volatile

It is intended for long term storage of files and data

The computer can execute a program directly on the secondary storage.

Secondary storage refers to devices like hard disks and CD-ROMs that are used for long-term storage of files and data. It is known for its high capacity, typically holding more data than main memory. It is also non-volatile, meaning it retains data even when the power is turned off. However, the computer cannot directly execute a program from secondary storage. Programs need to be loaded into main memory before they can be executed.

Explanation

Secondary storage refers to devices like hard disks and CD-ROMs that are used for long-term storage of files and data. It is known for its high capacity, typically holding more data than main memory. It is also non-volatile, meaning it retains data even when the power is turned off. However, the computer cannot directly execute a program from secondary storage. Programs need to be loaded into main memory before they can be executed.