Instrumentation Technology For Energy Systems

The term used to refer to the quantity being measured in a measuring system is "measurand". This term is commonly used in the field of metrology to describe the specific parameter or property that is being quantified or evaluated. It represents the target of the measurement process and is essential for accurate and reliable measurements. Controllers, sensors, and indicators are components or devices used in measuring systems, but they do not specifically refer to the quantity being measured.

Magnetic type temperature sensors are not commonly used for temperature measurement. They rely on the principle of magnetic properties changing with temperature, but they are not as accurate or widely used as other types of temperature sensors such as non-electrical, electrical, or radiation type sensors. Magnetic type sensors are more commonly used for other applications such as detecting magnetic fields or proximity sensing.

The power needs of electrical transducers are minimum. This means that electrical transducers require the least amount of power to function properly.

A dynamometer is not used for pressure measurement. A dynamometer is a device used to measure force, torque, or power. It is commonly used in engineering and automotive applications to measure the power output of an engine or motor. In contrast, diaphragm gauges, pressure bellows, and strain gauges are all devices specifically designed for measuring pressure. Diaphragm gauges use a flexible diaphragm that deforms under pressure to measure the pressure applied. Pressure bellows also use a flexible element, typically a metal bellows, to measure pressure. Strain gauges measure pressure indirectly by detecting the strain or deformation caused by the pressure on a material.

In steady flow, the velocity of the fluid remains constant at every point at a specific time. This means that the fluid particles move in a uniform and continuous manner, without any changes in velocity or direction. In other words, there is no acceleration or deceleration of the fluid particles in steady flow. This type of flow is commonly observed in pipes or channels where the fluid is flowing smoothly and steadily without any disturbances or fluctuations.

Mechanical transducers are devices that convert mechanical energy into another form of energy, such as electrical or thermal energy. They are designed to sense and measure physical changes in their environment, such as changes in pressure, force, or displacement. This means that they can detect and respond to physical changes in their surroundings, making the answer "Physical Changes" the correct one.

Precision is the term used to specify the closeness of two or more measurements in a measurement. It refers to the level of detail and consistency in the measurements. A high level of precision indicates that the measurements are very close to each other, while a low level of precision indicates that the measurements are more spread out. Accuracy, on the other hand, refers to the closeness of a measurement to the true or target value, whereas threshold and fidelity are unrelated to the closeness of measurements.

A bimetallic thermometer is made by bonding two metals with different temperature coefficients of expansion together. When the temperature changes, the two metals expand or contract at different rates, causing the bonded strip to bend. This bending is then converted into a temperature reading. Therefore, if two metals have different temperature coefficients, they can be used effectively in making a bimetallic thermometer.

A strain gauge measures pressure by detecting the change in electrical resistance. When pressure is applied to the strain gauge, it causes a deformation or strain in the material, which in turn alters the electrical resistance. This change in resistance can be measured and correlated to the applied pressure. Therefore, the strain gauge is used to indirectly measure pressure by monitoring the electrical resistance changes.

A flow nozzle device represents an obstruction type flow measuring system. It is designed to create a pressure drop in the fluid flow, which can then be used to calculate the flow rate. The flow nozzle has a converging section, a throat, and a diverging section. As the fluid passes through the nozzle, its velocity increases in the converging section, reaches its maximum at the throat, and then decreases in the diverging section. This change in velocity causes a pressure drop, which can be measured and used to determine the flow rate.