Pmkvy-ftns- I Internal Assessment

The address given to a computer connected to a network is called an IP Address. This address is a unique identifier assigned to each device on a network, allowing it to communicate and exchange data with other devices. The IP Address consists of a series of numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.0.1, and it serves as a means of identifying and locating devices on a network.

Resistance is a measure of how much a material or device opposes the flow of electric current. It is measured in ohms (Ω). Ohms is the unit used to quantify the amount of resistance in a circuit. Volts, amps, and watts are not units of resistance; volts measure electric potential difference, amps measure electric current, and watts measure power. Therefore, the correct answer is ohms.

A browser is a software application that allows users to access and view web pages on the internet. It provides a user-friendly interface and enables users to navigate through websites, search for information, and interact with web content. Browsers also support various features such as bookmarking, tabbed browsing, and downloading files. Therefore, a browser is the correct answer to the question as it is specifically designed for browsing the internet and accessing web pages.

Data (information) is stored in computers as files. Files are a way of organizing and storing data on a computer. They can contain various types of information such as text, images, videos, and more. Files are typically organized within directories, which act as folders to help categorize and manage the data. Floppies, on the other hand, are a type of storage medium that was commonly used in the past but is now outdated. Matter is not a correct option as it does not relate to the storage of data in computers.

Computer software includes operating system programs, application programs, and packaged programs. Operating system programs are the software that manages computer hardware and software resources, providing services to other software programs. Application programs are software designed to perform specific tasks or functions for the user. Packaged programs are pre-written software applications that are commercially available and can be purchased and installed on a computer system. Therefore, the correct answer is "All of these" as computer software includes all three types of programs.

RAM, or Random Access Memory, is often used in a typical computer operation. It is a type of computer memory that is volatile, meaning it can be both written to and read from. RAM is used to store data that is actively being used by the computer's processor, allowing for quick and easy access to the information. This makes it an essential component for running programs and performing tasks on a computer. Unlike ROM (Read-Only Memory) and HDD (Hard Disk Drive), RAM can be written to and modified, making it ideal for temporary storage and active data manipulation.

NICs (Network Interface Cards) are hardware devices that allow computers to connect to a network. They contain a data transceiver, which is responsible for transmitting and receiving data signals between the computer and the network. This transceiver handles the conversion of digital data into analog signals for transmission over the network, and vice versa. Therefore, the correct answer is "data transceiver".

A hard disk is divided into tracks, which are circular paths on the disk. These tracks are further subdivided into sectors, which are small units of storage on the disk. Sectors are typically the smallest addressable unit on a hard disk and are used for storing data. Clusters, vectors, and heads are not subdivisions of tracks on a hard disk.

ICs (Integrated Circuits) are classified on the basis of the number of transistors they contain. The number of transistors in an IC determines its complexity and functionality. ICs with a higher number of transistors can perform more complex tasks and have more advanced features. Therefore, the number of transistors is a crucial factor in categorizing ICs and determining their capabilities.

IPv4 addressing uses a 32-bit number to represent each IP address. This means that there are 2^32 (approximately 4.3 billion) unique IP addresses available in IPv4. Each IP address consists of four sets of 8-bit numbers separated by periods, such as 192.168.0.1. This 32-bit addressing scheme allows for the identification and communication of devices on a network, ensuring that each device has a unique identifier.

TCP is a connection-oriented sub protocol because it establishes a reliable and ordered connection between two devices before transmitting data. This means that TCP ensures that all data packets are received in the correct order and without errors. It also provides flow control and congestion control mechanisms to manage the transmission of data. Unlike connectionless protocols, TCP requires a connection to be established before data transfer can occur, making it a connection-oriented protocol.

The correct answer is ATX. The ATX motherboard form factor uses one 20 pin connector. AT and BABY AT are older motherboard form factors that use different connectors. Therefore, the correct answer is ATX, as it is the only form factor mentioned that uses a 20 pin connector.

Optic Fiber Cable can transmit data at high speeds because it uses light signals to transmit data. It consists of a thin strand of glass or plastic that carries light signals over long distances with minimal loss or interference. The light signals can travel at very high speeds, allowing for fast and efficient data transmission. In contrast, Coaxial Cable, Twisted pair Cable, and UTP Cable transmit data using electrical signals, which are generally slower and more susceptible to interference.

A laser printer is commonly used for desktop publishing due to its high-quality output and fast printing speed. It uses laser technology to create precise and sharp images and text on paper. Laser printers are capable of printing large volumes of documents quickly and are often preferred by professionals in the publishing industry for their reliability and professional-grade results.

NTP (Network Time Protocol) is a simple Application layer protocol used to synchronize the clocks of computers on a network. It allows computers to maintain accurate time by communicating with a time server. NTP uses a hierarchical system of time servers to ensure accuracy and reliability. It is commonly used in computer networks to ensure that all devices have synchronized time, which is important for various network operations and applications.

A hub is a repeater with more than one output port. A hub is a network device that connects multiple devices together, allowing them to communicate with each other. It receives data from one port and broadcasts it to all other ports, effectively repeating the signal. Therefore, a hub is the correct answer as it fits the description of a repeater with multiple output ports.

Nortel is a company known for manufacturing network equipment. Network equipment refers to the hardware devices and components used to build and maintain computer networks. This can include routers, switches, firewalls, and other devices that help facilitate communication and data transfer within a network. Nortel's expertise lies in designing and producing these types of equipment, making them a prominent player in the networking industry.

DirectX is a software technology developed by Microsoft that enables communication between the operating system and the computer's hardware, specifically the graphics hardware. It provides a collection of application programming interfaces (APIs) that allow developers to create and run multimedia applications, particularly games, on Microsoft platforms. DirectX acts as a bridge between the software and the graphic hardware, ensuring efficient and optimized performance for graphics-intensive tasks. Therefore, the correct answer is "Software that drives Graphic hardware."

The correct answer is IP. IP (Internet Protocol) is the sub protocol that enables TCP/IP to internetwork. It allows for the routing of data packets across multiple LAN segments and different types of networks through routers. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) is responsible for establishing and maintaining a reliable connection between two devices, while ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) is used for error reporting and diagnostic functions. UDP (User Datagram Protocol) is a connectionless protocol that is used for sending datagrams without establishing a connection. However, it is IP that provides the necessary functionality for internetworking.

The 1st computer instructions are available on boot up from the ROM BIOS. ROM BIOS stands for Read-Only Memory Basic Input/Output System. It is a firmware that is stored on a chip on the motherboard. During the boot up process, the ROM BIOS is responsible for initializing and testing the hardware components of the computer, as well as loading the operating system. It contains the initial set of instructions that are necessary for the computer to start up and perform basic functions.

The correct answer is ThinkPad. ThinkPad is the name of the series of laptop computers manufactured by IBM.

In the latest generation computers, instructions are executed both sequentially and in parallel. This means that some instructions are executed one after another in a sequential manner, while others are executed simultaneously in parallel. This combination allows for efficient and faster processing of tasks. Sequential execution ensures that instructions are executed in the correct order, while parallel execution allows for multiple instructions to be processed simultaneously, increasing overall performance and speed. Therefore, the correct answer is "Both sequentially and parallel."

A router is a multiport connectivity device that directs data between nodes on a network. Unlike switches and bridges, routers operate at the network layer of the OSI model, which allows them to make intelligent decisions about where to send data packets based on their destination IP addresses. Routers are commonly used in home and office networks to connect multiple devices and facilitate communication between them. They can also provide additional features such as network security and traffic management.

Incorrect CMOS settings can cause a fixed disk error. The CMOS (Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor) settings store important information about the computer's hardware configuration. If these settings are not properly configured, it can lead to errors in accessing the fixed disk. This can include issues such as incorrect disk size, disk not being recognized, or problems with disk booting. Therefore, incorrect CMOS settings can be a potential cause for a fixed disk error.

The Memory Address Register (MAR) holds the address of the active memory location. It is responsible for storing the memory address that is currently being accessed or written to. This allows the computer to keep track of the specific location in memory where data is being read from or written to. The MAR plays a crucial role in facilitating the communication between the CPU and the memory subsystem.

RS-232 is a standard that applies to serial ports. Serial ports are used for communication between devices by transmitting data one bit at a time over a single communication line. RS-232 is a standard protocol that defines the electrical characteristics and signaling for serial communication, allowing devices to communicate with each other using a common language. This standard is commonly used for connecting devices such as modems, printers, and computer terminals to a computer system.

Firmware refers to programs that are permanently stored in read-only memory (ROM) in electronic devices. Unlike software, which can be updated or modified by users, firmware is designed to be permanent and cannot be easily changed. Therefore, firmware is the correct term for programs stored in ROM.

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Assembly language programs are the software used to drive microprocessor-based systems. Assembly language is a low-level programming language that uses mnemonic codes to represent machine instructions. These programs are specific to the microprocessor architecture and provide a direct interface with the hardware. Assembly language programs are written using instructions that are similar to the machine code instructions executed by the microprocessor, making them more efficient and faster than higher-level languages.

The term 10/100 in relation to a network interface card refers to the maximum data transfer speed in megabits per second. It indicates that the card can support data transfer rates of either 10 Mbps or 100 Mbps, depending on the capabilities of the network it is connected to.

A microcomputer is formed by the combination of a microprocessor unit, a memory unit, and an input/output unit. The microprocessor unit is responsible for executing instructions and performing calculations, while the memory unit stores data and instructions for the microprocessor to access. The input/output unit allows the microcomputer to interact with external devices such as keyboards, monitors, and printers. Therefore, a microcomputer is the correct answer as it encompasses all three components working together to perform computing tasks.

Traditional switches operate at the data link layer of the OSI model. The data link layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of data between adjacent network nodes and provides error detection and correction mechanisms. Switches use MAC addresses to forward data packets within a local area network (LAN), making decisions based on the data link layer's logical addressing scheme. This layer also handles flow control and manages access to the physical network medium.

The IP address 168.34.88.29 belongs to a Class B network. In IPv4 addressing, the first octet of the IP address determines the class of the network. Class B networks have the first two octets reserved for the network portion, while the last two octets are used for host addressing. Therefore, based on the given IP address, it falls within the range of Class B networks.

SCSI hard drives provide the fastest access to large video files. SCSI (Small Computer System Interface) is a high-performance interface that allows for faster data transfer rates compared to other options like IDE and EIDE hard drives. This makes SCSI hard drives ideal for handling large video files, which require quick access and retrieval.

A source program is a program that is written in a high-level programming language and needs to be translated into machine language before it can be executed by the computer. This translation process is typically done by a compiler or interpreter, which converts the source code into a format that the computer can understand and execute. Therefore, the correct answer is "a program to be translated into machine language."

IEEE 1284 is the correct answer because it is the standard that governs parallel communications. RS232 and RS-232a are standards for serial communications, not parallel. CAT 5 is a standard for Ethernet networking, not parallel communications. Therefore, IEEE 1284 is the only option that aligns with the question.

To eliminate the possibility of a broadcast storm, switches and bridges implement the Spanning Tree Protocol (STP). This protocol helps to prevent loops in a network by creating a loop-free logical topology. It achieves this by selectively blocking redundant paths and allowing only one active path between switches. By doing so, STP ensures that broadcast frames do not endlessly circulate in the network, preventing congestion and improving network efficiency. RIP, BGP, and OSPF are routing protocols used for different purposes and are not specifically designed to eliminate broadcast storms.

A collision domain is the portion of a network where collisions occur if two nodes transmit data at the same time. In an Ethernet network, all devices connected to a hub or a repeater are part of the same collision domain. When two devices transmit data simultaneously, a collision occurs, and both devices have to retransmit their data. This is because Ethernet uses a CSMA/CD (Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection) protocol, which allows multiple devices to share the same network medium but requires collision detection and resolution. Therefore, the correct answer is collision domain.

Acer is a personal computer manufacturer from Taiwan. Sony is a Japanese company known for its electronics products, including computers, but it is not based in Taiwan. IBM is an American multinational technology company, and Samsung is a South Korean conglomerate. Therefore, Acer is the correct answer as it is the only option that matches the given criteria.

The correct answer is PCIe. PCIe stands for Peripheral Component Interconnect Express, which is a high-speed serial computer expansion bus standard. It is the most popular expansion board NIC (Network Interface Card) today because it offers faster data transfer rates and improved performance compared to other bus standards like ISA or ExpressCard. PCIe is commonly used in modern computers and provides a reliable and efficient connection for network communication.

Secondary memory refers to the storage devices that are external to the computer's main memory (RAM) and are used for long-term storage of data. This includes devices such as hard disk drives, solid-state drives, optical drives, and magnetic tape drives. Auxiliary memory is another term used to describe secondary memory. It is called "auxiliary" because it provides additional storage capacity to complement the primary memory. Therefore, the correct answer is Auxiliary memory.

The default subnet mask for a Class B network is 255.255.0.0. This subnet mask allows for a larger number of hosts compared to a Class C network, which has a default subnet mask of 255.255.255.0. The subnet mask 255.0.0.0 is not correct for a Class B network as it would allow for a much larger number of hosts than a Class B network can accommodate. The subnet mask 255.255.255.255 is a broadcast address and cannot be used as a subnet mask.

Gateways are combinations of networking hardware and software that connect two dissimilar kinds of networks. Unlike routers and switches, which primarily focus on routing and switching data within a network, gateways are designed to facilitate communication between different types of networks, such as connecting a local area network (LAN) to a wide area network (WAN) or connecting an Ethernet network to a wireless network. Gateways act as intermediaries, translating protocols and data formats between the dissimilar networks, enabling seamless communication between them.

Sony is the correct answer because they were one of the pioneers in the development of floppy disk drives. In the early 1980s, Sony introduced the 3.5-inch floppy disk drive, which became the industry standard for portable storage at that time. Sony's innovation in this technology revolutionized the computer industry and made floppy disks widely accessible for data storage and transfer. While other companies like IBM, Panasonic, and Samsung also played a role in the development of floppy disk drives, Sony's contribution was significant and noteworthy.

The most common logical topologies are bus and ring. The bus topology is a network arrangement where all devices are connected to a single cable, known as the bus. Data is transmitted on the bus and received by all devices, but only the intended recipient processes it. This topology is simple and cost-effective, making it popular for small networks. The ring topology, on the other hand, connects devices in a circular loop, with each device connected to two neighboring devices. Data travels in one direction around the ring, passing through each device until it reaches its destination.

The first thing to check when a newly installed IDE hard drive is not recognized by the system BIOS is the jumpers on the hard drive. Jumpers are small connectors that determine the drive's configuration, such as master or slave. If the jumpers are not set correctly, the system may not be able to detect the drive. By checking and adjusting the jumpers, the hard drive should be recognized by the BIOS.

When data is entered into a memory location, it will erase the previous content. This means that any existing data in the memory location will be overwritten or replaced by the new data that is being entered.

The 34-pin connection on an I/O card is used for connecting a floppy drive. Floppy drives were commonly used in the past for storing and transferring data. The 34-pin connection allowed the I/O card to communicate with the floppy drive and transfer data to and from it.

The index hole is related to the hard disk. The index hole is a small hole found on the outer edge of a hard disk platter. It is used for determining the starting position of the disk and helps in synchronization during the read and write operations. The index hole is detected by a sensor in the disk drive, allowing the system to accurately locate data on the disk. This feature is specific to hard disks and is not present in floppy disks, printers, or CPUs.

A physical topology depicts a network in broad scope by showing the arrangement and connections of devices in a network. It focuses on the physical layout and structure of the network, such as the placement of devices, cables, and connections. This topology helps visualize how devices are interconnected and how data flows within the network. It does not specify device types, connectivity methods, or addressing schemes, but rather provides an overview of the network's physical structure.