This Hyperlipidemia quiz assesses knowledge on lipid transport mechanisms, types of lipoproteins, and secondary causes of hypercholesterolemia. It is designed to enhance understanding of lipid metabolism and its clinical implications, crucial for medical students and professionals.
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
Bile acid sequestrants
Fibric acids
Nicotinic acid
Omega-3 fatty acids
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Hypertension
Low HDL (
Family history of premature CHD
Current cigarette smoking
All of these answers
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Diarrhea
Vomiting
Hair growth
Flushing
Dizziness
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White blood cell count
Complete blood cell count
Liver function test
Serum creatinine
Creatinine clearance
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True
False
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Nicotinic acid
Fibric acids
Omega-3 fatty acids
Cholestrol inhibitors
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors
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Antioxidants such as vitamin C
Alcoholic beverages
Foods high in saturated fats
Foods high in soluble fiber such as fruits and whole grains
Foods high in protein such as lean meats
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Greater than 190 mg/dL
Less than 40 mg/dL
Greater than 60 mg/dL
Less than 100 mg/dL
Less than 150 mg/dL
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Limit carbohydrates to less than 40% of calories daily.
Increase monounsaturated fats to 30% of total calories.
Encourage alcohol consumption of at least three drinks per day.
Take a supplement with an antioxidant such as vitamin A for additional cardioprotection.
Limit cholesterol consumption to less than 200 mg/d.
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TC=HDL+IDL+(TG/5)
TC=HDL+VLDL+(TG/5)
TC=HDL+LDL+TG
TC=HDL+LDL+(TG/5)
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VLDL
HG
HDL
LDL
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LDL
VLDL
HDL
IDL
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LDL
HDL
TG
VLDL
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Foam cells
Endothelial rupture
Atheroma lesions
HDL deposits
Platelet occlusion
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Statins
Oat bran
Bile acid sequestrants (resins)
Ezetimibe
Aspirin
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Ezetimibe
Simvastatin
Omega-3 fatty acid
Cholestyramine
Atorvastatin
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5%–25%, 15%–35%
15%–30%, 3%–5%
21%–63%, 3%–16%
10%–30%, 3%–15%
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High LDL
Hypothyroidism
Diabetes
Renal disease
Beta-Blockers
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Antioxidant therapy such as vitamin E
Less than 7% of total calories from saturated fat
150-250 g/d of fiber
2-4 drinks of alcohol per day
Assessing the effectiveness of TLC at 12-week intervals
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A total cholesterol level of less than 200 mg/dL
An HDL of at least 60 mg/dL
An LDL level less than 160 mg/dL
An LDL level less than 130 mg/dL
A triglyceride level less than 150 mg/dL
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True
False
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5%–25%, 15%–35%
15%–30%, 3%–5%
21%–63%, 3%–16%
10%–30%, 3%–15%
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Gemfibrozil
Sustained-release nicotinic acid
Simvastatin
Omega-3 fatty acids
Ezetimibe
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Lovastatin
Simvastatin
Pravastatin
Fluvastatin
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
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Diabetes is an absolute contraindication to use of nicotinic acid.
Aspirin is dosed three times per day in order to prevent flushing from niacin.
Gemfibrozil may reduce triglycerides by as much as 50%.
Colesevelam has similar patient tolerability problems as cholestyramine.
Ezetimibe frequently causes muscle toxicity.
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5%–25%, 15%–35%
15%–30%, 3%–5%
21%–63%, 3%–16%
10%–30%, 3%–15%
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Multiple risk factors that confer a 10-year risk for CHD >20%
Diabetes
Peripheral arterial disease, abdominal aortic aneurysm, and symptomatic carotid artery disease
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Two weeks
Six weeks
Three months
Six months
Yearly
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Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Gemfibrozil
Niaspan
Colesevelam
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Fenofibrate
Lovastatin
Colestipol
Immediate-release nicotinic acid
Omega-3 fatty acids
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1–10%
10–20%
20–30%
30–40%
40–50%
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Ezetimibe + niacin
Colestipol + simvastatin
Gemfibrozil + cholestyramine
Fenofibrate + ezetimibe
Lovastatin + itraconazole
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Cigarette smoking
Family history of premature CHD;CHD in male first degree relative
Hypertension (BP >140/90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication)
Low HDL cholesterol (
Age (men >/=45 years; women >/=55 years)
High fat diet
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Before initiating therapy with nicotinic acid, one should obtain fasting glucose levels, LFTs, and uric acid levels.
It is necessary to screen for hypertriglyceridemia before initiating a bile acid sequestrant.
A liver function test and creatine kinase tests should be conducted before starting therapy with statins.
It is always necessary to reevaluate a patient’s creatine kinase during the initial follow-up for statin therapy.
It is necessary to monitor renal function in patients on fibric acids.
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Fluvastatin
Lovastatin
Pravastatin
Simvastatin
Rosuvastatin
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Lovastatin
Simvastatin
Pravastatin
Fluvastatin
Atorvastatin
Rosuvastatin
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Bile acid sequestrant
Ezetimibe
Statin
Nicotinic acid
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Milrinone
Hydralazine
Metoprolol
Dopamine
Nesiritide
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Pravigard
Vytorin
Advicor
Atorvastatin
Ezetimibe
Two hours after taking another medication and 2 hours before taking another medication
Four hours after taking another medication and 4 hours before taking another medication
One hour after taking another medication and 1 hour before taking another medication
One hour after taking another medication and 4 hours before taking another medication
Four hours after taking another medication and 1 hour before taking another medication
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