Human Origins - Discussion Quiz

The correct answer is Homininae. This is because humans belong to the subfamily Homininae, which includes modern humans (Homo sapiens), as well as extinct human species such as Neanderthals and Homo erectus. This subfamily also includes great apes like chimpanzees and gorillas. The other options, Cebinae, Hylobatinae, and Pitheciinae, refer to different subfamilies that include other primate species like capuchin monkeys, gibbons, and titi monkeys, respectively.

The fully enclosed eye socket is not found in lemurs and lorises, but is found in anthropoids. This means that lemurs and lorises have a different eye socket structure compared to anthropoids. The fully enclosed eye socket is a characteristic feature of anthropoids, which include monkeys, apes, and humans. It provides protection and support to the eye, and is an adaptation that distinguishes anthropoids from lemurs and lorises.

A Platyrrhine has 3 premolars in its dental formula. Platyrrhines are a group of primates that includes New World monkeys. The dental formula of Platyrrhines is 2-1-3-3, which means they have 2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, and 3 molars on each side of their upper and lower jaws. Therefore, the correct answer is 3.

The correct answer is Platyrrhini and Catarrhini. The infraorder Anthropoidea is a suborder of primates, and it is divided into two parvorders: Platyrrhini (New World monkeys) and Catarrhini (Old World monkeys and apes). This division is based on differences in dental and skeletal structures, as well as geographic distribution. Platyrrhini includes monkeys found in Central and South America, while Catarrhini includes monkeys and apes found in Africa and Asia.

According to Hamilton's Rule, an individual is more likely to act altruistically towards a sibling. This is because siblings share a significant amount of genetic material, and by helping their siblings, individuals can increase the chances of their own genes being passed on to future generations. Therefore, the kinship between siblings promotes altruistic behavior as it benefits the individual's genetic fitness.

Anthropoidea, which includes monkeys, apes, and humans, have larger brains relative to their body size compared to Lemuriformes, which includes lemurs. This suggests that Anthropoidea species have a higher level of cognitive ability and intelligence compared to Lemuriformes.

Polyandry refers to a mating system in which a female has multiple male sex partners. In this arrangement, a female forms a long-term sexual relationship with more than one male simultaneously. This behavior is observed in certain animal species, such as some birds and primates. Polyandry can provide various advantages, such as increased genetic diversity, shared parental care, and protection from predators. It is the opposite of polygyny, where a male has multiple female partners, and monogamy, where individuals form exclusive pair bonds.

Vertical Clinging and Leaping is the correct answer because tarsiers are small primates known for their unique method of moving through trees. They have long limbs and fingers that allow them to cling vertically to tree trunks and leap between branches. This form of locomotion is different from brachiation, which involves swinging from branch to branch using the arms, and knuckle-walking and terrestrial quadrupedalism, which are forms of movement on the ground.

The correct answer is Platyrrhines and Strepsirrhines. Catarrihini is a subfamily of primates that includes Cercopithecoids and Hominoids. Platyrrhines and Strepsirrhines are not part of the Catarrihini subfamily. Platyrrhines are a group of primates that includes New World monkeys, while Strepsirrhines are a group of primates that includes lemurs and lorises. Therefore, the correct answer is Platyrrhines and Strepsirrhines.

A fused mandible in monkeys and apes is a derived trait because it is a characteristic that has evolved and is unique to this group of animals. Lemurs and lorises, on the other hand, do not have a fused mandible, making it a trait that is derived in monkeys and apes but not in lemurs and lorises.