The Ultimate World History Exam Prep Test Part- IV

Garibaldi was not one of the major artists mentioned in the question. The question is asking for the name of the artist who does not belong to the group of major artists. Michelangelo and Leonardo de Vinci are both renowned artists, known for their contributions to art and culture. However, Garibaldi is not primarily known as an artist but rather as a military general and key figure in the Italian unification movement.

Montezuma was the Aztec leader of the empire. He ruled over the Aztec civilization during the early 16th century. Montezuma is known for his role in expanding the Aztec empire and his encounters with the Spanish conquistador, Hernán Cortés. He was a powerful and influential leader, but ultimately his empire was conquered by the Spanish forces.

Mercantilism is the correct answer because it refers to an economic policy that emphasizes a favorable balance of trade, with more exports than imports. It also focuses on acquiring and controlling resources and markets to strengthen the nation's economy and power. The term "caste system" refers to a social hierarchy based on hereditary classes, while "bastillism" is not a recognized term and does not relate to the concept described in the question.

Copernicus was an astronomer who discovered that the Earth revolves around the sun. This discovery, known as the heliocentric model, challenged the prevailing belief at the time that the Earth was the center of the universe. Copernicus's work laid the foundation for modern astronomy and had a significant impact on our understanding of the solar system.

The Columbian Exchange refers to the widespread exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and ideas between the Americas, Africa, and Europe following Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492. This trade network had a profound impact on the world, as it introduced new crops and livestock to different regions, facilitated the spread of diseases, and led to cultural and societal changes. The exchange of goods and ideas between these continents played a significant role in shaping the modern world.

The Middle Passage was a crucial part of the transatlantic slave trade, involving the transportation of enslaved Africans from Africa to the Americas. It was called the "Middle Passage" because it was the middle leg of the triangular trade route, which connected Europe, Africa, and the Americas. During this horrific journey, slaves were packed into overcrowded and unsanitary ships, enduring extreme cruelty, disease, and death. It is estimated that millions of Africans were forcibly transported across the Atlantic Ocean, enduring unimaginable suffering and contributing to the growth of the slave labor system in the Americas.

Montesquieu was a French philosopher and political thinker who is best known for his ideas on the separation of powers and checks and balances in government. He believed that power should be divided among different branches of government to prevent any one group from becoming too powerful. His ideas greatly influenced the formation of modern democratic systems, including the United States Constitution.

The Ottoman Empire was located from the Middle East (Turkey) to East Europe and the Middle East. This empire spanned across various regions and had control over territories in present-day Turkey, Greece, Bulgaria, Egypt, Iraq, Syria, and parts of Eastern Europe. It had a significant influence in the Middle East and Eastern Europe, making it a major power during its existence from the 14th to the early 20th century.

Oliver Cromwell was a historical figure who played a significant role in English history. He created the Puritan Commonwealth, a period of time in which England was governed by Puritan principles. During his rule, Cromwell implemented strict policies and showed religious intolerance towards those who did not adhere to his Puritan beliefs. This answer accurately describes Cromwell's actions and characteristics during his time in power.

The Latin American Revolutions were caused by the Enlightenment ideas that spread throughout Europe and the Americas, as well as the influence of the French and American Revolutions. The Enlightenment promoted concepts such as individual rights, equality, and the idea that people had the right to revolt against oppressive governments. The French and American Revolutions served as examples of successful revolutions against monarchy and colonial rule, inspiring Latin American revolutionaries to fight for independence from Spanish and Portuguese colonial powers. The combination of these factors led to the outbreak of the Latin American Revolutions.

Italy- because of its place in trade (the center), wealth, and learning environment

Machiavelli is known as "The Prince" because he wrote a famous political treatise called "The Prince." In this book, he discusses the qualities and strategies that a ruler should possess in order to maintain power and control. One of his most famous quotes from the book is "better to be feared than loved," which suggests that a ruler should prioritize instilling fear in their subjects rather than trying to be loved by them. This idea has had a significant impact on political science and has shaped the understanding of power and leadership.

Calvinism is a theological belief system that emphasizes the idea of predestination. According to Calvinism, God has already determined the fate or destiny of every individual before they are even born. This means that God has already predicted and decided the place each person will have in their ultimate destiny or afterlife. This belief suggests that human actions and choices are ultimately determined by God's divine plan rather than personal decisions.

The Council of Trent was a significant event in the history of the Catholic Church. It was convened by the Pope in response to the Protestant Reformation and aimed to address the issues raised by the reformers. The council discussed and made decisions on various matters, including doctrine, discipline, and the organization of the Church. One of the main goals of the Council of Trent was to counter the spread of Protestantism and reaffirm Catholic teachings and practices. Therefore, it can be said that the Pope ordered for the stop of Protestantism through the Council of Trent.

The English Civil War was caused by the desire of Parliament to have more power than the king. This conflict arose due to the tensions between the monarchy and Parliament over the control of political and religious affairs. Parliament, representing the interests of the nobility and the emerging middle class, sought to limit the power of the king and establish a more balanced system of governance. This led to a power struggle between Charles I and Parliament, ultimately resulting in a full-scale war between the Royalists and the Parliamentarians.

The Janissaries were an elite army of the Ottoman Empire. They were unique in that they were not allowed to marry and had to be converted to Islam. This strict rule was implemented to ensure their loyalty to the empire and prevent any potential conflicts of interest that could arise from family ties. The Janissaries played a significant role in the empire's military and political power, serving as an influential force for centuries.

The result of the Silver trade was that the value of money decreased. This can be attributed to the influx of silver into the economy, which led to an increase in the money supply. As a result, the purchasing power of each unit of currency decreased, causing inflation. This phenomenon is commonly observed in situations where there is a significant increase in the supply of a particular currency or precious metal.

Songhai exports gold, salt, and slaves. And it is in West Africa.

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The correct answer is "Torture." Inquisition refers to a period in history when religious authorities, particularly the Catholic Church, conducted investigations to identify and punish heresy. Torture was a commonly used method during this time to extract confessions from suspected heretics. It involved various painful and cruel techniques aimed at inflicting physical and psychological suffering on individuals.

Mughal India refers to the period in Indian history when the Mughal Empire, a Muslim dynasty, ruled over the Indian subcontinent. The Mughals were descendants of Central Asian conquerors who established their empire in the 16th century. Under the Mughals, India experienced significant cultural, architectural, and artistic achievements, as well as political stability and economic prosperity. The Mughal Empire lasted until the mid-19th century, leaving a lasting impact on Indian history and culture.

The Renaissance was a period of time in Europe characterized by a renewed interest in the classical civilizations of ancient Greece and Rome. It was a time of rebirth and rediscovery of classical knowledge, art, and culture. The Renaissance also glorified men, as it was a time when individualism and humanism thrived, focusing on the achievements and potential of human beings. Additionally, the Renaissance was centered in the present, as people during this time sought to understand and appreciate the world around them rather than solely focusing on religious or biblical teachings.

Meritocracy is a system in which individuals are awarded higher positions based on their own achievements and abilities, rather than factors such as birth or personal connections. In a meritocracy, individuals are promoted or rewarded based on their qualifications, skills, and performance, ensuring that those who have demonstrated competence and merit are given opportunities for advancement. This system prioritizes the recognition of individuals' accomplishments and contributions, rather than relying on factors beyond their control.

Shintoism refers to the native religion in Japan. It is a traditional belief system that originated in Japan and is deeply rooted in Japanese culture and history. Shintoism focuses on the worship of kami, which are spirits or deities believed to inhabit natural elements and phenomena. It involves various rituals and practices aimed at maintaining harmony with nature and ancestors. Shintoism is unique to Japan and has played a significant role in shaping Japanese society and identity.

Japan gained Korea from China. This can be attributed to Japan's imperialistic ambitions and its desire to expand its influence and control in the region. Japan's annexation of Korea in 1910 allowed it to establish political and economic dominance over the Korean Peninsula, exploiting its resources and manpower for its own benefit. This acquisition also served as a stepping stone for Japan's further expansion into other territories, including Taiwan and parts of China, during the early 20th century.

Silver is a natural resource found in various countries around the world. North and South America are known for their significant silver deposits, with countries like Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia being major producers. Japan also has silver as a natural resource, although its production is relatively smaller compared to the Americas. Africa, on the other hand, is not typically associated with significant silver deposits. Therefore, the correct answer is North and South America, and Japan.

William and Mary were not absolute monarchs because they ruled as joint monarchs in England during the late 17th century under a constitutional monarchy. Unlike absolute monarchs, they shared power with Parliament and were subject to its laws and limitations. On the other hand, Suleiman the Magnificent, Peter the Great, and Louis XIV were all absolute monarchs who held complete and unrestricted power over their respective kingdoms.

Johann Tetzel was a figure in the Protestant Reformation who was despised by Martin Luther. He gained notoriety as a major seller of indulgences, which were certificates sold by the Catholic Church that promised forgiveness for sins. Luther strongly opposed the sale of indulgences, viewing it as a corrupt practice that exploited people's faith for financial gain. Tetzel's actions and the controversy surrounding indulgences played a significant role in sparking Luther's challenge to the Catholic Church and the subsequent Reformation movement.

The correct answer is "The mother country understood the needs/cultures of the colonies." This answer suggests that during the period of New Imperialism, the mother country had a better understanding of the needs and cultures of the colonies under its control. This understanding could have led to more effective governance and policies that took into account the specific circumstances and aspirations of the colonies.

The correct answer is that Africans could work in harsh conditions and are immune to diseases. This explanation suggests that the origin of the slave trade was rooted in the belief that Africans were better suited for labor-intensive work due to their ability to withstand harsh conditions and their perceived immunity to diseases. This justification was used to justify the enslavement and forced labor of African individuals during the era of the transatlantic slave trade.

Suleiman, also known as Suleiman the Magnificent, was a prominent Ottoman Sultan who reigned during the 16th century. He is known for his contributions to the Ottoman Empire, including the reconstruction of Istanbul and the establishment of a comprehensive code of law known as the Kanun. However, religious intolerance was not one of his actions or traits. Suleiman was known for his religious tolerance and even appointed non-Muslims to important positions in his administration. He upheld the principles of religious freedom and allowed different religious communities to practice their faiths without persecution.

Devshirme refers to the practice of recruiting Christian boys from the Balkans and turning them into elite soldiers or administrators in the Ottoman Empire. These boys were taken as slaves and converted to Islam, receiving education and training in various fields. The Devshirme system aimed to create a loyal and efficient military force for the empire. The Janissaries, on the other hand, were the elite infantry units formed through the Devshirme system. The Mughals, although a powerful empire in South Asia, do not have any direct association with the Christian slave soldiers in the Ottoman Empire.

He actually ended the taxes on non-Muslims

Before the 1450s, world trade was characterized by local trades that were unconnected. This means that trade primarily occurred within local regions or communities, with limited or no interaction or exchange between different parts of the world. There was little to no global integration or interconnectedness in terms of trade networks or routes.