Head And Neck Anatomy Quiz

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1. The single floating bone in the neck is the hyoid bone

Explanation

The hyoid bone is indeed a single floating bone in the neck. It is located in the front of the neck, between the chin and the thyroid cartilage. Unlike other bones in the body, the hyoid bone does not articulate with any other bones. It serves as an attachment point for various muscles involved in swallowing and speaking. Therefore, the statement "The single floating bone in the neck is the hyoid bone" is true.

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About This Quiz
Head And Neck Anatomy Quiz - Quiz

Do you know enough about your head and neck anatomy? Test your knowledge and revise the same concept with the following quiz. Here, we will focus on the... see moreanatomy of the head and neck, and you will be asked questions related to its various anatomical aspects, such as the skull, eyes, nose, teeth, ears, and throat, as well as the vital blood vessels and nerves. The test consists of more than a hundred questions; make sure you read all of them carefully and answer accordingly. All the best!
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2. Which muscle is located just deep to the skin of the neck?

Explanation

The platysma muscle is located just deep to the skin of the neck. It is a thin, sheet-like muscle that extends from the chest to the lower jaw. The platysma muscle helps to lower the jaw, tense the skin of the neck, and assist in facial expressions such as grimacing or frowning.

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3. Which of the following muscle groups is innervated by the facial nerve?

Explanation

The facial nerve is responsible for innervating the muscles of facial expression. This includes muscles such as the orbicularis oculi, which controls eye blinking and closing, and the zygomaticus, which is involved in smiling. These muscles are important for facial movements and expressions, and their innervation by the facial nerve allows for the control and coordination of these movements.

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4. Which of the following muscle groups inserts directly on the hyoid bone?

Explanation

The geniohyoid, stylohyoid, and omohyoid muscles are the correct answer because they are the only muscle groups listed that directly insert on the hyoid bone. The other options either include muscles that do not insert on the hyoid bone or include muscles that are not listed in the question.

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5. The pair of foramina that are located above the eye socket on the eyebrow are called _________ foramen.

Explanation

The pair of foramina that are located above the eye socket on the eyebrow are called supraorbital foramen.

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6. Which muscle of facial expression compresses the cheeks during chewing, assisting the muscles of mastication?

Explanation

The muscle of facial expression that compresses the cheeks during chewing, assisting the muscles of mastication, is the buccinator. This muscle is located in the cheek area and helps to keep food between the teeth during chewing. It also plays a role in blowing air out of the mouth and producing certain sounds when speaking.

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7. Which of the following arteries supply the mucous membranes and glands of the hard and soft palates?

Explanation

The greater and lesser palatine arteries supply the mucous membranes and glands of the hard and soft palates. These arteries are branches of the maxillary artery, which is a major blood vessel in the head and neck region. The mucous membranes and glands of the hard and soft palates require a good blood supply for their proper functioning and maintenance. Therefore, the greater and lesser palatine arteries play a crucial role in ensuring the adequate blood flow to these structures.

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8. Which of the following muscles is considered a muscle of mastication?

Explanation

The masseter muscle is considered a muscle of mastication. It is located in the jaw and is responsible for the movement of the jaw during chewing. The masseter muscle is one of the strongest muscles in the human body and plays a crucial role in the process of mastication, or chewing food. It contracts to elevate the mandible and close the mouth, allowing for efficient grinding and breaking down of food particles.

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9. The pencil-shaped process occurs on the inferior portion of the temporal bone is the_______________.

Explanation

The pencil-shaped process that occurs on the inferior portion of the temporal bone is known as the styloid process.

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10. The hyoid bone is located _______ and _________ to the thyroid cartilage.

Explanation

The hyoid bone is located superior and anterior to the thyroid cartilage. This means that it is positioned above and towards the front of the thyroid cartilage in the neck.

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11. Neurocranium means around the cranium and viscerocranium means on the face.

Explanation

The explanation for the given answer is that "Neurocranium" refers to the part of the skull that protects the brain, while "viscerocranium" refers to the part of the skull that forms the face. Therefore, it is true that neurocranium means around the cranium (brain) and viscerocranium means on the face.

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12. Which muscle does not aid in smiling with the lips when it contracts?

Explanation

The epicranial muscle is not involved in smiling with the lips when it contracts. This muscle is responsible for raising the eyebrows and wrinkling the forehead. Smiling with the lips involves the contraction of the zygomatic major muscle, levator anguli oris muscle, and zygomaticus minor muscle.

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13. How many cervical vertebra are on the human neck?

Explanation

There are 7 cervical vertebrae in the human neck. These vertebrae are located in the upper part of the spine and are responsible for supporting the head and allowing for a wide range of motion in the neck. Each cervical vertebra is numbered from C1 to C7, with the first vertebra (C1) being closest to the skull and the seventh vertebra (C7) being closest to the thoracic spine.

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14. Which of the following bony plates is perforated to allow the passage of the olfactory nerves for the sense of smell?

Explanation

The cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone is perforated to allow the passage of the olfactory nerves for the sense of smell. This plate is located in the roof of the nasal cavity and contains small holes called olfactory foramina through which the olfactory nerves pass. These nerves are responsible for carrying sensory information about smell from the nasal cavity to the brain.

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15. Which bone is a single bone located at the midline of the skull?

Explanation

The sphenoid bone is a single bone located at the midline of the skull. It is situated in the middle of the skull base, behind the eyes and below the frontal bone. It is a complex bone that helps form the base of the cranium and also contributes to the sides of the skull and the floor of the eye sockets. The sphenoid bone is important for providing structural support and protection to the brain, as well as housing various structures such as the pituitary gland.

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16. Which of the following situations occurs when there is subluxation of the TMJ?

Explanation

Subluxation of the TMJ occurs when the head of the condyle moves too far anteriorly on the articular eminence. This means that the condyle, which is the rounded portion of the mandible, shifts forward beyond its normal position on the articular eminence, which is a ridge on the temporal bone. This can cause pain, clicking or popping sounds, and difficulty in opening and closing the mouth properly.

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17. The occipital condyle forms an articulation with which bone?

Explanation

The occipital condyle forms an articulation with the atlas bone. The atlas is the first cervical vertebra and it connects the skull to the spine. The occipital condyles are located on the base of the skull and they fit into the corresponding facets on the atlas, allowing for the movement and rotation of the head.

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18. Which of the following muscle groups below serve to depress the hyoid bone?

Explanation

The infrahyoid muscles are responsible for depressing the hyoid bone. These muscles include the sternohyoid, omohyoid, thyrohyoid, and sternothyroid muscles. When these muscles contract, they pull the hyoid bone downwards, helping to lower the position of the hyoid bone. This action is important for various functions such as swallowing, speaking, and breathing. The muscles of mastication are involved in chewing, the suprahyoid muscles elevate the hyoid bone, and the extrinsic tongue muscles are responsible for moving the tongue. Therefore, the correct answer is infrahyoid muscles.

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19. Both the origin of the frontal belly of the epicranial muscle and the insertion of its occipital belly are at the

Explanation

The correct answer is epicranial aponeurosis. The epicranial muscle is composed of two bellies, the frontal belly and the occipital belly. The frontal belly originates from the epicranial aponeurosis, which is a tough, fibrous sheet of connective tissue covering the top of the skull. The occipital belly inserts into the epicranial aponeurosis as well. Therefore, both the origin of the frontal belly and the insertion of the occipital belly are at the epicranial aponeurosis.

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20. Which bone forms both the superior and middle nasal conchae?

Explanation

The ethmoid bone forms both the superior and middle nasal conchae. The superior nasal concha is a thin, curved plate that projects from the upper part of the ethmoid bone, while the middle nasal concha is a smaller, scroll-like projection located below the superior concha. These conchae help to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, allowing for better filtration, warming, and humidification of inhaled air.

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21. Which of the following arteries can sometimes be visible under the skin of the temporal region on a patient?

Explanation

The superficial temporal artery can sometimes be visible under the skin of the temporal region on a patient. This artery is a branch of the external carotid artery and runs in front of the ear towards the temple area. It is responsible for supplying blood to the scalp and the side of the head. In some individuals, especially those with thin skin or low body fat, the superficial temporal artery may be more prominent and visible.

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22. Which of the following structures are contained within the carotid sheath?

Explanation

The carotid sheath is a connective tissue structure that contains several important structures in the neck. One of these structures is the internal jugular vein, which is a major vein that drains blood from the head and neck. The carotid sheath also contains the common carotid artery and the vagus nerve. The facial nerve, a branch of the cranial nerve VII, is not contained within the carotid sheath. Similarly, the aorta, a large artery that carries blood from the heart to the rest of the body, and superficial lymph nodes are not found within the carotid sheath.

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23. The hard palate consists of which two bones?

Explanation

The hard palate is formed by the maxilla and the palatine bone. The maxilla is the upper jawbone and forms the majority of the hard palate, while the palatine bone is a small, L-shaped bone located at the back of the hard palate. Together, these two bones provide the structure and support for the hard palate, which separates the oral and nasal cavities.

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24. Which of the following muscle groups is involved in both elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the mandible

Explanation

The suprahyoid muscles are responsible for both elevating the hyoid bone and depressing the mandible. These muscles include the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. When these muscles contract, they elevate the hyoid bone, which is important for swallowing and speaking. Additionally, they also assist in depressing the mandible, which is necessary for actions like opening the mouth and chewing. Therefore, the suprahyoid muscles are involved in both of these movements.

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25. Which of the following cranial nerves is associated with the stylomastoid foramen?

Explanation

The stylomastoid foramen is a small opening located in the temporal bone of the skull. The seventh cranial nerve, also known as the facial nerve, passes through this foramen. This nerve is responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression and transmitting taste sensations from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue. Therefore, the correct answer is the seventh cranial nerve.

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26. The cranial depression that contains the pituitary gland is called the

Explanation

The cranial depression that contains the pituitary gland is called the sella turcica. The sella turcica is a bony structure located in the sphenoid bone of the skull. It has a saddle-like shape and houses the pituitary gland, which is an important gland responsible for producing and releasing hormones that regulate various bodily functions. The sella turcica provides protection and support to the pituitary gland, ensuring its proper functioning.

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27. Which muscle listed below is MOST superficial  in regards to location?

Explanation

The masseter muscle is the correct answer because it is the most superficial muscle in regards to location. It is located in the jaw area and is responsible for closing the jaw and chewing. The medial pterygoid muscle and lateral pterygoid muscle are deeper muscles located in the same area, while the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is located in the throat.

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28. Which of the following provides branches for the MOST direct blood supply to the TMJ?

Explanation

The external carotid artery provides branches that directly supply blood to the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The internal carotid artery supplies blood to the brain, while the common carotid artery is a main branch that eventually divides into the internal and external carotid arteries. The aorta is the main artery that carries oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body and does not directly supply blood to the TMJ. Therefore, the external carotid artery is the correct answer as it provides the most direct blood supply to the TMJ.

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29. Which of the following is an overall description of the basic movement performed by the TMJ?

Explanation

The TMJ (temporomandibular joint) is responsible for the movement of the jaw. It allows for both gliding and rotational movements, enabling actions such as opening and closing the mouth, chewing, and speaking. This joint is unique in its ability to perform these two types of movements simultaneously, making it crucial for various functions related to eating and communication.

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30. The _________ plates of the palatine bones and the ___________ process of the maxillae form the hard palate.

Explanation

The correct answer is "horizontal, palatine." The hard palate is formed by the horizontal plates of the palatine bones and the palatine process of the maxillae. The horizontal plates of the palatine bones are located at the back of the mouth, while the palatine process of the maxillae is located at the front. Together, they form the hard palate, which separates the oral and nasal cavities.

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31. Which of the following landmarks is an anterior process located on the sphenoid bone?

Explanation

The correct answer is "wing." The sphenoid bone has two wings, also known as the greater wings, which extend laterally from the body of the bone. These wings are important landmarks in the skull and play a role in the formation of the cranial floor and the sides of the skull.

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32. Which of the following landmarks associated with the TMJ is located on the mandible?

Explanation

The condyle is a landmark associated with the TMJ that is located on the mandible. It is the rounded, bony prominence at the end of the mandible that articulates with the articular fossa of the temporal bone. The condyle plays a crucial role in the movement and function of the TMJ, allowing for the opening and closing of the mouth, as well as side-to-side and forward-backward movements of the jaw.

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33. How many bones are found in the skull and face?

Explanation

The skull and face together contain a total of 22 bones. The skull consists of 8 cranial bones and 14 facial bones, making a total of 22 bones.

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34. The spaces under the three conchae of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are the

Explanation

The spaces under the three conchae of the lateral walls of the nasal cavity are known as meatus. Meatus refers to the passageways or channels that are formed by the nasal conchae, which are bony structures in the nasal cavity. These meatuses help to increase the surface area of the nasal cavity, which aids in the filtration, humidification, and warming of the inhaled air.

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35. Match.
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36. The posterior superior alveolar artery and its branches supply the

Explanation

The correct answer is maxillary posterior teeth and periodontium. The posterior superior alveolar artery is responsible for supplying blood to the maxillary posterior teeth and the surrounding periodontium. This artery branches off from the maxillary artery and travels through the posterior superior alveolar canal to reach its target area. By providing oxygen and nutrients, the artery supports the health and function of the maxillary posterior teeth and the tissues that support them.

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37. Which structure of the TMJ secretes synovial fluid?

Explanation

The inner capsule lining membranes of the TMJ secrete synovial fluid. Synovial fluid lubricates the joint, allowing for smooth movement of the mandibular condyle and disc of the joint. This fluid also provides nutrients to the joint and helps to reduce friction and wear on the joint surfaces. The synovial fluid is produced by the inner capsule lining membranes, which are located within the joint and surround the mandibular condyle and disc.

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38. Which muscle listed is considered MOST superior on the head and neck?

Explanation

The corrugator supercilii muscle is considered the most superior muscle on the head and neck. This muscle is located above the eyebrows and is responsible for pulling the eyebrows downward and inward, causing vertical wrinkles between the eyebrows. It is involved in facial expressions of sadness, anger, and concentration. The zygomatic major muscle is located in the cheek and is responsible for smiling. The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle is located in the throat and helps in swallowing. The superior belly of the omohyoid muscle is located in the neck and is involved in head and neck movements.

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39. Which of the following artery and transmitting foramen pairs below is a CORRECT match?

Explanation

The middle meningeal artery is correctly matched with the foramen spinosum. The middle meningeal artery is a branch of the maxillary artery and it enters the cranium through the foramen spinosum, which is located in the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. This artery supplies blood to the meninges of the brain and the bones of the skull.

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40. In addition to the zygomatic bone, which of the following bones has a process that forms the other part of the zygomatic arch?

Explanation

The temporal bone has a process called the zygomatic process, which forms the other part of the zygomatic arch. The zygomatic arch is a bony structure that extends from the zygomatic bone (cheekbone) to the temporal bone. The maxillae, sphenoid, and palatine bone do not have processes that contribute to the formation of the zygomatic arch.

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41. Which of the following is the MOST commonly used muscle when the patients lips close around the saliva ejector?

Explanation

The orbicularis oris is the muscle that is most commonly used when the patient's lips close around the saliva ejector. This muscle is responsible for puckering the lips and closing the mouth. It is a circular muscle that encircles the mouth and is involved in various facial expressions, including closing the lips tightly. The other muscles listed, such as the risorius, mentalis, mylohyoid, and buccinator, are also involved in facial movements but are not specifically responsible for closing the lips around the saliva ejector.

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42. How many bones are found in the neurocranium?

Explanation

The neurocranium is the part of the skull that encloses and protects the brain. It is made up of several bones, including the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones. In total, there are 8 bones found in the neurocranium.

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43. How many bones are found in the viscerocranium?

Explanation

The viscerocranium is the facial skeleton and is comprised of 14 bones. These bones include the mandible, maxilla, nasal bones, zygomatic bones, lacrimal bones, palatine bones, vomer bone, inferior nasal conchae, and the hyoid bone. These bones form the structure of the face and support important functions such as breathing, chewing, and speaking.

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44. The joint capsule of the TMJ wraps around which structure?

Explanation

The joint capsule of the TMJ wraps around the mandibular condyle. The mandibular condyle is the rounded projection at the end of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone to form the TMJ. The joint capsule provides stability and support to the joint, and its wrapping around the mandibular condyle allows for smooth movement and proper functioning of the TMJ.

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45. Which of the following muscles is involved in the lateral deviation of the mandible?

Explanation

The lateral pterygoid muscle is involved in the lateral deviation of the mandible. This muscle is located in the jaw and helps to move the mandible side to side. It works in conjunction with other muscles such as the medial pterygoid muscle and the temporalis muscle to coordinate jaw movements for chewing and speaking.

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46. Which of the following muscles is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue?

Explanation

The hyoglossus muscle is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue because it originates from the hyoid bone and inserts into the side of the tongue. This muscle helps to retract and depress the tongue, playing a role in speech and swallowing. The geniohyoid muscle is an intrinsic muscle that helps to move the tongue forward, while the mylohyoid muscle is also an extrinsic muscle but it acts on the floor of the mouth rather than the tongue. The transverse muscle is not a muscle of the tongue at all.

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47. Which of the following movements of the lower jaw is assisted by the temporalis muscle?

Explanation

The temporalis muscle is responsible for assisting in the movements of mandibular elevation and retraction. Mandibular elevation refers to the upward movement of the lower jaw, while mandibular retraction refers to the backward movement of the lower jaw. The temporalis muscle, which is located on the side of the head, helps in these movements by contracting and pulling the lower jaw upwards and backwards. Therefore, the correct answer is mandibular elevation and retraction.

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48. Which area of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone at the TMJ?

Explanation

The condyle is the correct answer because it is the part of the mandible that articulates with the temporal bone at the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). The TMJ is a hinge joint that allows for the movement of the lower jaw, and the condyle is the rounded end of the mandible that fits into the socket of the temporal bone to facilitate this movement. The other options, such as the lingula, mandibular notch, and coronoid process, are not directly involved in the articulation with the temporal bone at the TMJ.

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49. The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is also considered a (an)

Explanation

The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is considered a posterior suprahyoid muscle. The digastric muscle is located in the neck and is responsible for opening the mouth and depressing the mandible. It is part of the suprahyoid muscle group, which also includes the mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid muscles. These muscles play a role in swallowing and elevating the hyoid bone. Therefore, the posterior belly of the digastric muscle is classified as a posterior suprahyoid muscle.

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50. Which of the following nerves innervates the TMJ?

Explanation

The trigeminal nerve is responsible for innervating the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). This nerve is the fifth cranial nerve and is the largest sensory nerve in the head. It has three main branches: the ophthalmic branch, the maxillary branch, and the mandibular branch. The mandibular branch specifically innervates the muscles of mastication, including the muscles that control the TMJ. Therefore, the trigeminal nerve is the correct answer for this question.

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51. Which of the following features is located on the temporal bone?

Explanation

The correct answer is External Acoustic meatus. The external acoustic meatus, also known as the ear canal, is a feature located on the temporal bone. It is a tube-like structure that connects the outer ear to the middle ear and is responsible for transmitting sound waves.

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52. Check all of the bones that are in the neurocranium.

Explanation

The neurocranium is the part of the skull that surrounds and protects the brain. The frontal bone, parietal bone, and occipital bone are all part of the neurocranium. These bones form the front, top, and back of the skull respectively. Therefore, the correct answer includes the frontal bone, parietal bone, and occipital bone.

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53. Which of the following veins results from the merger of the superficial temporal vein and maxillary vein?

Explanation

The retromandibular vein is formed by the merger of the superficial temporal vein and the maxillary vein. This vein is located at the back of the mandible and is responsible for draining blood from the face and scalp. It then joins with the posterior auricular vein to form the external jugular vein. Therefore, the correct answer is retromandibular.

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54. Which of the following is NOT a movement of the TMJ?

Explanation

The TMJ (temporomandibular joint) is responsible for the movement of the jaw. Contraction is not a movement of the TMJ. Contraction refers to the shortening or tightening of muscles, whereas the movements of the TMJ include depression (opening the jaw), elevation (closing the jaw), projection (forward movement), retraction (backward movement), and lateral movement (sideways movement).

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55. Which of the following is a faint ridge noted where the right and left mandibular processes fused together in early childhood?

Explanation

The mandibular symphysis is a faint ridge noted where the right and left mandibular processes fused together in early childhood. This fusion creates a bony prominence in the midline of the mandible, which is known as the mandibular symphysis. It serves as the point of attachment for various muscles involved in chewing and speaking. The other options, such as the mylohyoid line, mental protuberance, and external oblique line, are anatomical landmarks on the mandible, but they do not specifically refer to the fusion of the mandibular processes.

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56. Which muscle listed below, when contracted, causes a frown?

Explanation

The depressor anguli oris muscle is responsible for causing a frown when contracted. This muscle pulls the corners of the mouth downward, creating a downward movement of the lips and a frowning expression. The other muscles listed either have different functions or are not involved in causing a frown.

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57. Which of the following bones forms the jugular foramen along with the jugular notch of the temporal bone?

Explanation

The occipital bone forms the jugular foramen along with the jugular notch of the temporal bone. The jugular foramen is a large opening in the base of the skull that allows the passage of important structures such as the internal jugular vein, glossopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve, and accessory nerve.

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58. Which of the following landmarks is located on the temporal bone?

Explanation

The articular fossa is located on the temporal bone. The temporal bone is a bone on the side of the skull, and the articular fossa is a depression on this bone that forms part of the temporomandibular joint. It is the site where the mandible (lower jaw) articulates with the temporal bone, allowing for movement of the jaw. The condyle, coronoid notch, and external oblique line are not located on the temporal bone.

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59. Which of the following structures is a large, roughened projection on the petrous part of the temporal bone?

Explanation

A process is a projection or prominence on a bone. In this case, the question is asking for a large, roughened projection on the petrous part of the temporal bone. Therefore, the correct answer is "process."

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60. Which of the following vascular lesions may result when a clot on the inner blood vessel wall becomes dislodges and travels in the vessel?

Explanation

When a clot on the inner blood vessel wall becomes dislodged and travels in the vessel, it can cause a vascular lesion called an embolus. An embolus is a clot that moves through the bloodstream and can block blood flow to vital organs or tissues, leading to various complications depending on the location and size of the embolus. This can result in serious medical conditions such as stroke, pulmonary embolism, or myocardial infarction. Therefore, an embolus is the correct answer in this scenario.

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61. Which of the following muscle pairs are considered to be intrinsic tongue muscles? 

Explanation

The superior longitudinal muscle is considered to be an intrinsic tongue muscle. Intrinsic tongue muscles are responsible for controlling the shape and movement of the tongue. The superior longitudinal muscle runs along the upper surface of the tongue and is involved in actions such as elevating the tip of the tongue and curling the sides of the tongue upward. The other muscle pairs listed (genioglossus, styloglossus, and hyoglossus) are all extrinsic tongue muscles, meaning they attach to structures outside of the tongue and are involved in movements such as protruding, retracting, and elevating the entire tongue.

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62. Which of the following situations occurs when BOTH sternocleidomastoid muscles are used by the patient?

Explanation

When both sternocleidomastoid muscles are used by the patient, the head flexes at the neck. The sternocleidomastoid muscles are located on either side of the neck and are responsible for various movements of the head and neck. When both muscles contract simultaneously, they cause the head to flex forward at the neck joint, bringing the chin closer to the chest. This movement is commonly observed during activities such as looking down or bending the head forward.

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63. Which of the following paired muscles unite medially forming the floor of the mouth?

Explanation

The mylohyoid muscles are paired muscles that unite medially, forming the floor of the mouth. They are located on either side of the midline and are responsible for raising the floor of the mouth during swallowing and speaking. The geniohyoid, omohyoid, and digastric muscles are not involved in forming the floor of the mouth.

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64. Which area is immediately posterior to the most distal tooth in the upper arch of the dentition?

Explanation

The maxillary tuberosity is the area immediately posterior to the most distal tooth in the upper arch of the dentition. It is a rounded prominence of bone located on the posterior aspect of the maxilla, behind the last molar tooth. This area provides support for the denture and is an important anatomical landmark for dental procedures such as denture fabrication and implant placement.

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65. The frontal bone in the interior cranial view surrounds another smaller "walnut shaped " bone called the __________________ bone.

Explanation

The frontal bone in the interior cranial view surrounds another smaller "walnut-shaped" bone called the ethmoid bone.

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66. Which of the following processes is located just inferior and medial to the external acoustic meatus?

Explanation

The styloid process is located just inferior and medial to the external acoustic meatus. It is a slender, pointed projection of bone that extends downwards from the temporal bone of the skull. It serves as an attachment point for several muscles and ligaments in the neck and throat region.

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67. At what position does a displaced disc of the TMJ usually lie?

Explanation

A displaced disc of the TMJ usually lies anterior to its usual position.

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68. Which of the following muscle groups listed below is innervated by the cervical nerves?

Explanation

The infrahyoid muscles are innervated by the cervical nerves. These muscles are located below the hyoid bone and are responsible for controlling the movement of the hyoid bone and the larynx. They play a role in swallowing and speaking. The muscles of mastication, muscles of facial expression, suprahyoid muscles, and intrinsic tongue muscles are not innervated by the cervical nerves, but by other nerves in the face and neck.

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69. Which of the following ligaments associated with the TMJ reinforces the joint capsule?

Explanation

The sphenomandibular ligament actually plays a crucial role in supporting the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) by serving as an internal brace. It helps limit excessive movements and provides stability to the joint, although it is not attached to the capsule directly like the temporomandibular ligament. It runs from the sphenoid bone to the mandible, effectively providing indirect support to the joint by controlling the range of motion and aiding in load distribution, which inadvertently supports the joint capsule’s function.

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70. A venous sinus within the vascular system is a 

Explanation

A venous sinus within the vascular system refers to a blood filled space between two tissue layers. This means that it is a cavity or channel filled with blood that is located between two layers of tissue. Venous sinuses are commonly found in various parts of the body, such as the brain, where they help with the drainage of blood. They play an important role in maintaining proper blood flow and circulation within the body.

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71. Which of the following descriptions concerning the pterygoid plexus is correct?

Explanation

The pterygoid plexus is a network of veins located in the pterygopalatine fossa, which is near the maxillary and mandibular dental tissue. It functions to drain the blood from these dental tissues, allowing for proper circulation and preventing congestion. Therefore, the given description that the pterygoid plexus drains the maxillary and mandibular dental tissue is correct.

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72. The superior pharygeal constrictor muscle is noted to 

Explanation

The superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle inserts on the median pharyngeal raphe. This means that it attaches to the midline of the pharynx, specifically to the raphe, which is a fibrous band that runs along the back of the pharynx. The muscle helps to constrict and narrow the pharynx during swallowing, aiding in the movement of food from the mouth to the esophagus.

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73. The concavity noted on the anterior border of the coronoid process of the ramus is the

Explanation

The concavity noted on the anterior border of the coronoid process of the ramus is called the coronoid notch. This term refers to the specific anatomical feature that can be observed on the front edge of the coronoid process. The other options, including the mandibular notch, temporal fossa, and infratemporal fossa, do not accurately describe the concavity in question.

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74. The submandibular gland rests on the mandible on the internal surface of the mandible anterior and superior to the internal oblique line (mylohyoid line)

Explanation

The submandibular gland does not rest on the mandible. It is actually located beneath the mandible, in the submandibular triangle of the neck.

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75. The origin of a muscle is considered to be

Explanation

The origin of a muscle is considered to be the muscle end attached to the least movable structure. This is because the origin of a muscle is typically the point where the muscle attaches to a bone or other structure that is relatively stable and does not move much during muscle contraction. The other option, the muscle end attached to the most movable structure, would be the insertion point of the muscle, which is typically the point where the muscle attaches to a bone or structure that moves more during muscle contraction.

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76. Which of the following statements concerning the masseter muscle is CORRECT?

Explanation

The masseter muscle is a powerful muscle of mastication that helps in closing the jaw during chewing. It originates from the zygomatic arch, which is a bony structure located on the side of the skull. The muscle inserts on the lateral surface of the mandible, not the medial surface as mentioned in the question. Therefore, the statement "originates from the zygomatic arch" is correct.

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77. Which of the following descriptions concerning the maxillary artery is CORRECT?

Explanation

The maxillary artery arises from the external carotid artery, not the internal carotid artery. It enters the pterygopalatine fossa and gives rise to various terminal branches, including the middle meningeal artery, infraorbital artery, and posterior superior alveolar artery. Therefore, the correct answer is that it enters the pterygopalatine fossa and forms terminal branches.

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78. Which muscles activity helps to prevent the tongue from sinking back and obstructing respiration?

Explanation

The genioglossus muscle helps prevent the tongue from sinking back and obstructing respiration. This muscle is located at the base of the tongue and plays a crucial role in maintaining an open airway during breathing. When the genioglossus muscle contracts, it moves the tongue forward, preventing it from falling back and blocking the throat. This muscle is especially active during sleep to prevent sleep apnea and maintain proper airflow.

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79. Which of the following muscles forms the anterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity?

Explanation

The palatoglossus muscle forms the anterior faucial pillar in the oral cavity. It is a muscle located in the throat that connects the soft palate to the tongue. When contracted, it helps in elevating the back of the tongue and closing off the oral cavity from the pharynx. This muscle plays a role in swallowing and speaking.

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80. The TMJ is called a compound ginglymodiathroadial. 

Explanation

The statement is true because the TMJ (temporomandibular joint) is indeed a compound joint. It is considered compound because it is formed by the articulation of two bones, the mandible (lower jaw) and the temporal bone of the skull. This joint allows for both hinge-like movement (ginglymoid) and sliding movement (arthrodial), making it a compound ginglymodiathroadial joint.

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81. Which of the following is located posterior to the articular fossa in the region of the TMJ?

Explanation

The postglenoid process is located posterior to the articular fossa in the region of the TMJ. It is a bony projection that serves as an attachment site for the lateral pterygoid muscle, which plays a role in the movement of the jaw. The articular eminence, on the other hand, is located anterior to the articular fossa and acts as a guide for the movement of the mandible. The bony separation of the nasal septum and the zygomatic process of the temporal bone are not directly related to the TMJ or its posterior region.

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82. Which of the following arteries arises from the inferior alveolar artery before the artery enters the mandibular canal?

Explanation

The mylohyoid artery arises from the inferior alveolar artery before it enters the mandibular canal. This artery supplies blood to the mylohyoid muscle, which is responsible for elevating the hyoid bone and assisting in swallowing and speaking. The incisive artery supplies blood to the incisor teeth and their surrounding tissues. The mental artery supplies blood to the chin and lower lip. The PSA (posterior superior alveolar) artery supplies blood to the maxillary molars and surrounding tissues.

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83. Which of the following arteries is a branch from the facial artery?

Explanation

The superior labial artery is a branch from the facial artery. It supplies blood to the upper lip and the nasal septum.

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84. The lacrimal gland is located just inside the lateral part of the

Explanation

The correct answer is the supraorbital ridge. The lacrimal gland is located just inside the lateral part of the supraorbital ridge. The supraorbital ridge is a bony ridge located above the eye socket (orbit) and helps protect the eye. It is also the site where the supraorbital nerve and artery pass through. The glabella is the smooth area between the eyebrows, the supraorbital notch is a small notch or opening in the supraorbital ridge, and the nasion is the depression at the bridge of the nose.

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85. Which of the following situations can possibly happen to the temperomandibular disc as a person ages?

Explanation

As a person ages, the temperomandibular disc, which is a structure in the jaw joint, can possibly develop perforations. This means that small holes or tears may form in the disc over time. This can lead to pain, discomfort, and difficulty with jaw movement. The other options, increased blood supply, fewer calcifications, and thickening of structure, do not typically occur with aging in relation to the temperomandibular disc.

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86. Which of the following landmarks is formed by the maxilla?

Explanation

The maxilla is a bone in the skull that forms part of the eye socket. The inferior orbital fissure is a small opening located in the maxilla bone. It is formed by the junction of the maxilla bone with the greater wing of the sphenoid bone. Therefore, the correct answer is the inferior orbital fissure.

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87. Which of the following is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery?

Explanation

The maxillary artery is the larger terminal branch of the external carotid artery. It is responsible for supplying blood to the deep structures of the face, including the muscles of mastication, the teeth, and the nasal cavity. It also gives off several important branches, such as the middle meningeal artery, the inferior alveolar artery, and the posterior superior alveolar artery. The other options listed are also branches of the external carotid artery, but they are not as large or significant as the maxillary artery.

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88. The brachiocephalic veins unite to form the

Explanation

The brachiocephalic veins are large veins that drain blood from the head, neck, and upper limbs. They unite to form the superior vena cava, which is a major vein that carries deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium of the heart. The superior vena cava is responsible for returning blood from the upper body back to the heart, making it the correct answer in this case.

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89. Which list is in order, from the MOST anterior structure to the MOST posterior structure within the TMJ?

Explanation

The correct answer is articular eminence, articular fossa, postglenoid process. The articular eminence is the most anterior structure within the temporomandibular joint (TMJ), followed by the articular fossa, and then the postglenoid process, which is the most posterior structure.

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90. In which part of the temporal bone is the TMJ located?

Explanation

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is located in the squamous part of the temporal bone. The squamous part is the flat, scale-like portion of the bone that forms the side of the skull. It is situated above the ear and houses important structures such as the TMJ, which is responsible for jaw movement and is involved in chewing, speaking, and other functions.

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91. The occipital condyles are located __________ and ______________ to the foramen magnum.

Explanation

The occipital condyles are located on the lateral and anterior sides of the foramen magnum.

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92. Which of the following nerves innervates the temporalis muscle?

Explanation

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve innervates the temporalis muscle. The trigeminal nerve is responsible for providing sensory and motor innervation to the face and head. The mandibular branch specifically supplies motor innervation to the muscles of mastication, including the temporalis muscle. This muscle is involved in the movement of the jaw during chewing and is innervated by the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve.

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93. Which of the following muscles is used when a patient grimaces?

Explanation

The risorius muscle is used when a patient grimaces. This muscle is located in the face and is responsible for pulling the corners of the mouth laterally. When a person grimaces, the risorius muscle contracts, causing the corners of the mouth to be pulled back towards the ears. This action creates a facial expression that is often associated with pain, disgust, or discomfort.

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94. All the muscles of the pharynx are known to be involved in

Explanation

The muscles of the pharynx are not involved in closing the jaws or facial expression. The correct answer is middle ear function because the pharyngeal muscles play a role in the opening and closing of the auditory tube, which connects the middle ear to the back of the throat. This helps regulate pressure in the middle ear and allows for equalization, which is important for proper hearing. Stabilization of the mandible is not directly related to the pharyngeal muscles.

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95. Which of the following statements about the TMJ is INCORRECT?

Explanation

The incorrect statement is "Disc is attached anteriorly and posteriorly to the condyle." The disc is actually attached anteriorly to the articular eminence of the temporal bone and posteriorly to the posterior band of the joint capsule.

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96. The carotid pulse can be palpated by emergency medical service personnel at the level of the

Explanation

The carotid pulse can be palpated by emergency medical service personnel at the level of the thyroid cartilage. The thyroid cartilage is located in the neck, just above the hyoid bone and below the angle of the mandible. It is easily identifiable as the "Adam's apple" in males. Palpating the carotid pulse at this level allows for accurate assessment of the pulse rate and rhythm, which is important in emergency situations. The hyoid bone, angle of the mandible, and supraclavicular fossa are not accurate landmarks for palpating the carotid pulse.

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97. The tongue is supplied mainly from a branch from the 

Explanation

The tongue is mainly supplied by branches from the external carotid artery. The external carotid artery is a major blood vessel that supplies blood to the face and neck region. It gives off several branches, including the lingual artery, which supplies blood to the tongue. This artery provides oxygenated blood to the tongue muscles and tissues, allowing them to function properly.

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98. Which muscle can make the patient's oral vestibule more shallow thereby making dental work sometimes difficult?

Explanation

The mentalis muscle is located in the chin area and is responsible for controlling the movements of the lower lip and chin. When this muscle contracts, it can cause the oral vestibule (the space between the lips and teeth) to become more shallow. This can make dental work difficult as it restricts access to the teeth and makes it harder for the dentist to maneuver their instruments.

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99. Which of the following muscle pairs is divided by a median septum?

Explanation

The correct answer is transverse because it is the only muscle pair listed that is divided by a median septum. The other muscles listed, geniohyoid, masseter, and digastric, are not divided by a median septum.

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100. Which of the following skull bones is paired?

Explanation

The question asks for a skull bone that is paired, meaning it exists on both sides of the skull. The parietal bones, temporal bone, inferior nasal conchae, lacrimal bones, maxillae, and zygomatic bones are all paired bones.

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101. Which of the following ligaments associated with the TMJ has the inferior alveolar nerve descend nearby the to gain access to the mandibular foramen?

Explanation

The sphenomandibular ligament is the only ligament associated with the TMJ that has the inferior alveolar nerve descend nearby to gain access to the mandibular foramen. The stylomandibular ligament is not involved in this process, and the temperomandibular ligament does not have the inferior alveolar nerve descending nearby. Therefore, the correct answer is the sphenomandibular ligament only.

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102. Which of the following structures is located or travels within the infratemporal fossa?

Explanation

The posterior superior alveolar artery is located within the infratemporal fossa. The infratemporal fossa is a space located deep to the zygomatic arch and lateral to the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone. It contains various structures including muscles, nerves, and blood vessels. The posterior superior alveolar artery is a branch of the maxillary artery and it supplies blood to the maxillary molars and surrounding structures.

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103. During both mandibular protrusion and retraction, the rotation of the articulating surface of the mandible against the disc in the lower synovial cavity is prevented by the

Explanation

During both mandibular protrusion and retraction, the rotation of the articulating surface of the mandible against the disc in the lower synovial cavity is prevented by the muscles of mastication. These muscles, including the masseter, temporalis, and medial pterygoid, attach to the mandible and work together to control its movement. By contracting and relaxing, these muscles help to stabilize the mandible and maintain the proper alignment of the articulating surfaces, preventing rotation against the disc in the TMJ. The facial muscles, infrahyoid muscles, and ligaments of the TMJ do not have the same role in preventing this rotation.

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104. The orbital apex is composed of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone and the:

Explanation

The orbital apex is the point at the back of the eye socket where several bones come together. In addition to the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone, the palatine bone also contributes to the structure of the orbital apex. The palatine bone is a small, L-shaped bone that forms part of the hard palate and the floor of the nasal cavity. It helps to support the structure of the orbit and plays a role in protecting the eye.

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105. Match.
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106. Match the following
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Stephen Reinbold has a PhD in Biological Sciences and a strong passion for teaching. He taught various subjects including General Biology, Environmental Science, Zoology, Genetics, and Anatomy & Physiology at Metropolitan Community College in Kansas City, Missouri, for nearly thirty years. He focused on scientific methodology and student research projects. Now retired, he works part-time as an editor and engages in online activities.

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The single floating bone in the neck is the hyoid bone
Which muscle is located just deep to the skin of the neck?
Which of the following muscle groups is innervated by the facial...
Which of the following muscle groups inserts directly on the hyoid...
The pair of foramina that are located above the eye socket on the...
Which muscle of facial expression compresses the cheeks during...
Which of the following arteries supply the mucous membranes and glands...
Which of the following muscles is considered a muscle of mastication?
The pencil-shaped process occurs on the inferior portion of the...
The hyoid bone is located _______ and _________ to the thyroid...
Neurocranium means around the cranium and viscerocranium means on the...
Which muscle does not aid in smiling with the lips when it contracts?
How many cervical vertebra are on the human neck?
Which of the following bony plates is perforated to allow the passage...
Which bone is a single bone located at the midline of the skull?
Which of the following situations occurs when there is subluxation of...
The occipital condyle forms an articulation with which bone?
Which of the following muscle groups below serve to depress the hyoid...
Both the origin of the frontal belly of the epicranial muscle and the...
Which bone forms both the superior and middle nasal conchae?
Which of the following arteries can sometimes be visible under the...
Which of the following structures are contained within the carotid...
The hard palate consists of which two bones?
Which of the following muscle groups is involved in both elevating the...
Which of the following cranial nerves is associated with the...
The cranial depression that contains the pituitary gland is called the
Which muscle listed below is MOST superficial  in regards to...
Which of the following provides branches for the MOST direct blood...
Which of the following is an overall description of the basic movement...
The _________ plates of the palatine bones and the ___________ process...
Which of the following landmarks is an anterior process located...
Which of the following landmarks associated with the TMJ is located on...
How many bones are found in the skull and face?
The spaces under the three conchae of the lateral walls of the nasal...
Match.
The posterior superior alveolar artery and its branches supply the
Which structure of the TMJ secretes synovial fluid?
Which muscle listed is considered MOST superior on the head and neck?
Which of the following artery and transmitting foramen pairs below is...
In addition to the zygomatic bone, which of the following bones has a...
Which of the following is the MOST commonly used muscle when the...
How many bones are found in the neurocranium?
How many bones are found in the viscerocranium?
The joint capsule of the TMJ wraps around which structure?
Which of the following muscles is involved in the lateral deviation of...
Which of the following muscles is an extrinsic muscle of the tongue?
Which of the following movements of the lower jaw is assisted by the...
Which area of the mandible articulates with the temporal bone at the...
The posterior belly of the digastric muscle is also considered a (an)
Which of the following nerves innervates the TMJ?
Which of the following features is located on the temporal bone?
Check all of the bones that are in the neurocranium.
Which of the following veins results from the merger of the...
Which of the following is NOT a movement of the TMJ?
Which of the following is a faint ridge noted where the right and left...
Which muscle listed below, when contracted, causes a frown?
Which of the following bones forms the jugular foramen along with the...
Which of the following landmarks is located on the temporal bone?
Which of the following structures is a large, roughened projection on...
Which of the following vascular lesions may result when a clot on the...
Which of the following muscle pairs are considered to be intrinsic...
Which of the following situations occurs when BOTH sternocleidomastoid...
Which of the following paired muscles unite medially forming the floor...
Which area is immediately posterior to the most distal tooth in the...
The frontal bone in the interior cranial view surrounds another...
Which of the following processes is located just inferior and medial...
At what position does a displaced disc of the TMJ usually lie?
Which of the following muscle groups listed below is innervated by the...
Which of the following ligaments associated with the TMJ reinforces...
A venous sinus within the vascular system is a 
Which of the following descriptions concerning the pterygoid plexus is...
The superior pharygeal constrictor muscle is noted to 
The concavity noted on the anterior border of the coronoid process of...
The submandibular gland rests on the mandible on the internal surface...
The origin of a muscle is considered to be
Which of the following statements concerning the masseter muscle is...
Which of the following descriptions concerning the maxillary artery is...
Which muscles activity helps to prevent the tongue from sinking back...
Which of the following muscles forms the anterior faucial pillar in...
The TMJ is called a compound ginglymodiathroadial. 
Which of the following is located posterior to the articular fossa in...
Which of the following arteries arises from the inferior alveolar...
Which of the following arteries is a branch from the facial artery?
The lacrimal gland is located just inside the lateral part of the
Which of the following situations can possibly happen to the...
Which of the following landmarks is formed by the maxilla?
Which of the following is the larger terminal branch of the external...
The brachiocephalic veins unite to form the
Which list is in order, from the MOST anterior structure to the MOST...
In which part of the temporal bone is the TMJ located?
The occipital condyles are located __________ and ______________ to...
Which of the following nerves innervates the temporalis muscle?
Which of the following muscles is used when a patient grimaces?
All the muscles of the pharynx are known to be involved in
Which of the following statements about the TMJ is INCORRECT?
The carotid pulse can be palpated by emergency medical service...
The tongue is supplied mainly from a branch from the 
Which muscle can make the patient's oral vestibule more shallow...
Which of the following muscle pairs is divided by a median septum?
Which of the following skull bones is paired?
Which of the following ligaments associated with the TMJ has the...
Which of the following structures is located or travels within the...
During both mandibular protrusion and retraction, the rotation of the...
The orbital apex is composed of the lesser wing of the sphenoid bone...
Match.
Match the following
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