Government Chapters 4-5

1. The great freedoms of speech, press, religion, and assembly are contained in the...

Second Amendment

First Amendment

First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments

Third Amendment

Fourth Amendment

2. In Plessy v. Ferguson , the Supreme Court provided a constitutional justification for segregation, establishing the separate but equal doctrine.

True

False

3. In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court ruled that aid to church-related schools must have a secular purpose, must neither advance nor inhibit religions, and must not foster excessive government entanglement in religion.

True

False

4. Civil liberties are legal and constitutional protections against...

Private enterprise

Criminals

Foreign invasions

Tyranny

Governments

5. Before making an arrest, police need what the Constitution calls probable cause to believe that someone is guilty of a crime.

True

False

6. The __________ Amendment outlawed slavery in the United States.

Thirteenth

First

Tenth

Nineteenth

Equal Rights

7. Advertising is a form of symbolic speech.

True

False

8. The publication of statements known to be false that are malicious and tend to damage a person's reputation is called...

Symbolic speech.

Libel.

Obscenity.

Fraud.

Slander.

9. Suffrage Refers to...

The practice of de facto slavery rather than de jure slavery.

The practice of shackling slaves working in fields so they could not run away.

The hardships endured to obtain civil rights for African Americans and equal rights forwomen.

The legal right to vote.

The legal segregation of the races or of men and women in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other public places.

10. Nonverbal speech, such as burning a flag or wearing an armband, is referred to as commercial speech.

True

False

11. Obscenity is not within the realm of constitutionally protected speech or press.

True

False

12. One result of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 was a dramatic increase in the numbers of African Americans registered to vote in the South.

True

False

13. Obtaining evidence in a haphazard or random manner, in violation of the Fourteenth Amendment, is known as...

Cruel and unusual punishment.

Bounty hunting.

An Ariel search.

Unreasonable search and seizure.

A violation of privacy.

14. Equality and liberty may conflict, particularly because equality tends to favor majority rule.

True

False

15. The legal concept through which the Supreme Court has nationalized the Bill of Rights is called the...

Due process doctrine.

Enumerated powers doctrine.

Incorporation doctrine.

Implied powers doctrine.

Disincorporation doctrine.

16. In the case of Miranda v. Arizona, the Supreme Court ruled that...

Defendants in all felony cases have a right to counsel, even if the state has to provide such legal assistance.

Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used at trial.

Police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent.

The death penalty could be imposed for the most extreme of crimes.

The police must show probable cause before making an arrest.

17. Jim Crow laws were those that....

Were enacted by Southern Whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from Whites.

Sought to end segregation and bring the races into closer contact with one another.

Established slavery and contract law regulating the slave trade.

The North enforced in the South in the Reconstruction era following the Civil War, granting rights to former slaves.

Justified slavery and set codes for slaves' behavior.

18. Only men are required to register for the draft in the United States

True

False

19. In Gitlow v. New York (1925), the Court ruled that freedoms of speech and press were liberties protected by the _________ clause of the Fourteenth Amendment.

Necessary and proper

Commerce

Due process

Free press

Interstate commerce

20. Advertising is considered a form of _________, and, according to the decisions of the Supreme Court, is subject to greater restrictions on free speech than religious or political speech.

Imaged expression

Propaganda

Paid speech

Symbolic speech

Commercial speech

21. In the case of _________, the Supreme Court ruled that the protection against unreasonable search and seizure applied to the state and local governments, as well as the national government, thus nationalizing the exclusionary rule.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Mapp v. Ohio

United States v. New York

Roth v. United States

Miranda v. Arizona

22. The _________ Amendment forbids forced self-incrimination, stating that no person "shall be compelled to be a witness against himself."

Twenty-Sixth

Fifth

First

Fourth

Ninth

23. The establishment of a national or official religion is prohibited by the

Second Amendment.

Due process clause.

Free exercise clause.

Establishment clause.

Freedom of religion.

24. In Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the Supreme Court...

Enunciated the principle of separate but equal.

Ordered the Topeka school district to spend more money on black schools.

Ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal.

Enunciated the principle of equal but separate.

Justified slavery and set codes for slave's behavior.

25. After Brown v. Board of Education (1954), school integration in the South,

Was unaffected by the decision.

Proceeded very slowly.

Never changed.

Ended abruptly.

Was completed within three years.

26. The landmark case in which the Supreme Court upheld for the first time a claim of gender discrimination was Roe V. Wade.

True

False

27. The original Constitution is silent on the question of equality.

True

False

28. The ________ is the financial interpreter of the content and scope of Americans' civil liberties.

Supreme Court

Congress

Constitution

President

American Civil Liberties Union

29. In the case of _________, the supreme court ruled that the Bill of Rights restrained only the national government, not states and cities.

New York v. The US

Miranda v. Arizona

Gitlow v. New York

Barron v. Baltimore

Engel v. Vitale

30. In the Engel v. Vitale case of 1962, the Supreme Court ruled that _________ was (were) unconstitutional.

Segregation

Prior restraint

Police search or seizure without an authorized warrant

The Connecticut statute barring the distribution of birth control information

Prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools

31. Cruel and unusual punishment is forbidden by the...

Fifth amendment.

Eighth amendment.

Exclusionary clause.

Sixth amendment.

Self-incrimination clause.

32. The Fourteenth Amendment forbids slavery and grants the right to vote to African Americans and other non-Whites in the United States.

True

False

33. In the case of Plessy v. Ferguson....

The principle of "separate but equal" was overturned.

The principle of "separate but equal" was used to justify segregation.

United State citizenship and all rights that go with it were granted to former slaves.

School busing was allowed to remedy racial segregation.

Housing discrimination was forbidden.

34. The right to associate is protected by the Second Amendment.

True

False

35. The Supreme Court has ruled that government aid to church-related schools...

Is acceptable for things such as field trips and teacher salaries, but not for textbooks or transportation to school.

Does not constitute and establishment of religion.

Is permitted when the aid is for a nonreligious purpose.

Violates the establishment clause.

Is acceptable if the school is affiliated with a major religion but not for small, fringe religious sects.

36. The Twenty-Fourth Amendment, ratified in 1964,

Prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

Outlawed the use of literacy tests in order to register to vote.

Granted Negroes the right to vote.

Outlawed the grandfather clause and the White primary.

Prohibited discrimination in employment or public accommodations based on race.

37. Title IX of the Education Act of 1972....

Allows gender discrimination in education if it can be demonstrated to be an "educational necessity."

Forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs, includingathletics.

Requires public school institutions to demonstrate equal average scores among male and female students on standardized tests.

Requires gender parity in public school enrollments.

Prohibits single-sex educational institutions and schools.

38. In 2000, the Court held that student-led prayer at football games was unconstitutional.

True

False

39. In the case of Korematsu v. United States, the Supreme Court...

Ruled that restrictions on Japanese ownership of land in the United States wereunconstitutional.

Upheld the constitutionality of the United States atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

40. In the case of Roe v. Wade (1973), the Supreme Court outlawed any state laws to restrict a woman's right to an abortion at any point in her pregnancy.

True

False

41. In the case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Supreme Court ruled that race could never be considered in admissions policies, and declared all affirmative action programs to be unconstitutional.

True

False

42. In Roth v. United States, the Supreme Court held that...

The government cannot prohibit discrimination against women priests by churches because it would violate the free exercise of religion.

Outdoor drive-ins could not be barred from showing a film that included nudity.

The film Carnal Knowledge, which had critical acclaim but a sexual theme and explicit scenes, could not be banned.

Obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected free speech.

43. The Supreme Court upheld a program that provided some families in Cleveland, Ohio, vouchers that could be used to pay tuition at religious schools in...

Gitlow v. New York

Zelman v. Simmon-Harris

Engel v. Vitale

Griswold v. Connecticut

Lemon v. Kurtzman

44. De jure educational segregation occur....

By the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated.

From day-to-day depending on changing enrollments at a particular school.

By law.

By constitutional amendment.

By forced school busing to integrate the races.

45. In Lemon v. Kurtzman, the Supreme Court established that aid to church-related schools must do all of the following EXCEPT

Inhibit religion.

Not advance religion.

Not create excessive government entanglement with religion.

Treat all religions equally.

Have a secular purpose.

46. The Defense of Marriage Act prohibits states from legalizing gay marriage.

True

False

47. The Supreme Court case of Gideon v. Wainwright...

Set guidelines for police questioning of suspects.

Prohibited government officials from using gag orders to the media.

Ruled that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.

Gave only those accused of capitol crimes the right to counsel.

Extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony.

48. In _________, the Supreme Court ruled that any arbitrary sex-based classification violated the equal protection clause.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools

Reed v. Reed

Roe v. Wade

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

49. A shield law....

Prevents the courts from closing criminal trials to the press.

Gives reporters the right to withhold information in the courts.

Gives judges the right to issue a gag order.

Protects certain religious practices not covered by Supreme Court rulings.

Prevents reporters from disclosing secret government information.

50. In the case of Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the Court...

Ruled that nursing schools cannot discriminate against men in their admissions procedures.

Refused to allow the admission of Bakke to University of California-Davis.

Ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups.

Was united in its decision.

Ordered that University of California-Davis could not use race as a criterion for admission.

51. In Roe v. Wade, the Supreme Court ruled that in the third trimester of pregnancy...

States cannot ban abortion unless the mother's life is in danger.

The federal government, but not the states, is prohibited from funding abortions for poor women.

States are prohibited from funding the abortions of poor women.

States cannot ban abortion.

States can ban abortion except when the mother's health is in danger.

52. In its Near v. Minnesota decision of 1931, the Supreme Court ruled that

A CIA agent could not publish a personal memoir without clearing it through the agency.

States had the power to use prior restraint broadly, but national government did not.

A school newspaper was not a public forum and could be regulated "in and reasonable manner" by school officials.

The state government could not use prior restraint to shut down an outspoken newspaper.

53. What are the three levels of scrutiny used by the Supreme Court to discover whether discrimination is permissible?

Arguably discriminatory, reasonable analysis, and negligent.

Negligent, arguably discriminatory, and reasonable.

Reasonable, inherently suspect, and grossly discriminatory.

Reasonable, inherently suspect, and the intermediate standard.

Suspect, inherently suspect, and the intermediate standard.

54. The women's rights movement was famously launched with the signing of...

Seneca Falls Declaration.

Equal Rights Amendment.

Declaration of Independence.

Emancipation Proclamation.

Feminist Manifesto.

55. In the case of New York Times v. Sullivan (1964), the Supreme Court ruled that...

The Pentagon papers could be legally published despite the government's desire to keep the material a secret.

Government officials cannot sue newspapers for libel since this would entail prior restraint of the press.

Statements made about political figures, however malicious, cannot be deemed libelous.

The publication of the Pentagon papers could be legally barred as a matter of national security.

Statements made about political figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth.

56. The language of the First Amendment, "Congress shall make no law," suggests that...

The bill of rights was written to restrict powers of the national government

The bill of Rights was written to restrict the powers of state governments

The bill of rights, as written, did not apply to the state governments

A and C

A and B

57. Which of the following statements about Native Americans is FALSE?

Native Americans were made citizens of the United States long before African Americans received the same status.

Native Americans are the poorest minority group in the United States.

Native Americans are guaranteed access to the polls, housing, and to jobs.

Native Americans are the oldest minority group in the United States.

58. The "wall of separation" suggested by the First Amendment refers to the division of power between the national and state governments.

True

False

59. During the 1980's, the Supreme Court ________ the displaying of Christmas nativity scenes and Hanukkah menorahs on public propery.

First permitted then prohibited

Encouraged

Declared unconstitutional

Refused to hear cases challenging

Upheld the constitutionality of

60. In the 1992 case of Planned Parenthood v. Casey, the Supreme Court ruled that abortion...

Funding by any level of the government was unconstitutional.

Restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve "undue burdens" on the women seeking abortions.

Could be completely outlawed by individual states.

Was a fundamental right, and any restrictions on such a right had to be judged by a "strict scrutiny."

61. In 1964, Congress prohibited federal aid to schools that remained segregated in the...

No Child Left Behind Act

Equality of Education Act

Equal Opportunity Act

National Education Act

Civil Rights Act

62. The Federal Trade Commission regulates the nature, content, and existence of radio and television broadcasting.

True

False

63. The abridgment of citizens' freedom to worship, or not to worship, as they please is prohibited by the

Freedom of religion.

Due process clause.

Free exercise clause.

Establishment clause.

Second Amendment.

64. Classification based on gender have been ruled to be ________ by the decisions of the Court in the past several years.

Strictly unconstitutional

Sexist

Somewhere between inherently suspect and reasonable.

Inherently suspect.

Reasonable.

65. In the case of Craig v. Boren, the Supreme Court ruled that...

Sex classifications would be treated by the Court as inherently suspect.

All sex classifications were unconstitutional.

Sex classifications would be treated by the Court as valid.

Racial classifications were constitutional if they have a compelling, legitimate, and rational purpose.

It would employ a "medium scrutiny" standard: sex discrimination would be treated as neither valid nor invalid.

66. In Grutter v. Bollinger (2003), the Supreme Court

Upheld the University of Michigan law school's use of race as one of many factors indetermining student admissions.

Argued that there was no compelling interesting in promoting racial diversity on theUniversity of Michigan law school campus.

Agreed there was a compelling interest in promoting racial diversity on the University ofMichigan law school campus.

Declared unconstitutional the University of Michigan law school's use of race as one ofmany factors in determining student admissions.

Both A and C

67. In Griswold v. Connecticut (1965), the Supreme Court...

Overturned a Connecticut state law banning the use of contraceptives.

Held that abortion was a woman's legal right.

A and B

B and C

68. The Supreme Court decision in Barron v. Baltimore (1833) maintained that the Bill of Rights intended to prevent...

Both the national and state governments from violating civil rights

The United States government from granting titles of royalty

Only the national government from abridging civil liberties

Cities from taking private property without due process

The states from infringing on individual rights

69. Gregg v. Georgia (1976) is significant in that it...

Settled once and for all the debate over whether the death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

A and C

B and C

70. Equal protection of the laws...

Is guaranteed in the original Constitution.

Does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is reasonable.

Means that laws cannot establish different standards for the treatment of different groups.

Means that states have to make their laws promote equality among persons.

Provides rigid standard for constitutional interpretation.

71. The agency created by the 1964 Civil Rights Act and charged with monitoring and enforcing protections against job discrimination is the...

Federal Trade Commission

National Bar Association

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Voting Rights Commission

Federal Communication Commission