Government Chapters 4-5

Private enterprise

Criminals

Foreign invasions

Tyranny

Governments

Supreme Court

Congress

Constitution

President

American Civil Liberties Union

Second Amendment

First Amendment

First, Second, Third, and Fourth Amendments

Third Amendment

Fourth Amendment

The bill of rights was written to restrict powers of the national government

The bill of Rights was written to restrict the powers of state governments

The bill of rights, as written, did not apply to the state governments

A and C

A and B

New York v. The US

Miranda v. Arizona

Gitlow v. New York

Barron v. Baltimore

Engel v. Vitale

Both the national and state governments from violating civil rights

The United States government from granting titles of royalty

Only the national government from abridging civil liberties

Cities from taking private property without due process

The states from infringing on individual rights

Necessary and proper

Commerce

Due process

Free press

Interstate commerce

Due process doctrine.

Enumerated powers doctrine.

Incorporation doctrine.

Implied powers doctrine.

Disincorporation doctrine.

Freedom of religion.

Due process clause.

Free exercise clause.

Establishment clause.

Second Amendment.

Second Amendment.

Due process clause.

Free exercise clause.

Establishment clause.

Freedom of religion.

Inhibit religion.

Not advance religion.

Not create excessive government entanglement with religion.

Treat all religions equally.

Have a secular purpose.

Is acceptable for things such as field trips and teacher salaries, but not for textbooks or transportation to school.

Does not constitute and establishment of religion.

Is permitted when the aid is for a nonreligious purpose.

Violates the establishment clause.

Is acceptable if the school is affiliated with a major religion but not for small, fringe religious sects.

Segregation

Prior restraint

Police search or seizure without an authorized warrant

The Connecticut statute barring the distribution of birth control information

Prayers done as classroom exercises in public schools

First permitted then prohibited

Encouraged

Declared unconstitutional

Refused to hear cases challenging

Upheld the constitutionality of

A CIA agent could not publish a personal memoir without clearing it through the agency.

States had the power to use prior restraint broadly, but national government did not.

A school newspaper was not a public forum and could be regulated "in and reasonable manner" by school officials.

The state government could not use prior restraint to shut down an outspoken newspaper.

States were prohibited from publishing newspapers because that amounted to government censorship of the press and constituted the establishment of a government monopoly.

Prevents the courts from closing criminal trials to the press.

Gives reporters the right to withhold information in the courts.

Gives judges the right to issue a gag order.

Protects certain religious practices not covered by Supreme Court rulings.

Prevents reporters from disclosing secret government information.

The government cannot prohibit discrimination against women priests by churches because it would violate the free exercise of religion.

Outdoor drive-ins could not be barred from showing a film that included nudity.

The possession of child pornography was not covered by any right to free speech or press, and could be made a crime.

The film Carnal Knowledge, which had critical acclaim but a sexual theme and explicit scenes, could not be banned.

Obscenity is not within the area of constitutionally protected free speech.

The Pentagon papers could be legally published despite the government's desire to keep the material a secret.

Government officials cannot sue newspapers for libel since this would entail prior restraint of the press.

Statements made about political figures, however malicious, cannot be deemed libelous.

The publication of the Pentagon papers could be legally barred as a matter of national security.

Statements made about political figures are libelous only if made with malice and reckless disregard for the truth.

Symbolic speech.

Libel.

Obscenity.

Fraud.

Slander.

Imaged expression

Propaganda

Paid speech

Symbolic speech

Commercial speech

Cruel and unusual punishment.

Bounty hunting.

An Ariel search.

Unreasonable search and seizure.

A violation of privacy.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Mapp v. Ohio

United States v. New York

Roth v. United States

Miranda v. Arizona

Twenty-Sixth

Fifth

First

Fourth

Ninth

Defendants in all felony cases have a right to counsel, even if the state has to provide such legal assistance.

Illegally obtained evidence cannot be used at trial.

Police must inform any suspect of a series of rights, including the constitutional right to remain silent.

The death penalty could be imposed for the most extreme of crimes.

The police must show probable cause before making an arrest.

Set guidelines for police questioning of suspects.

Prohibited government officials from using gag orders to the media.

Ruled that illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court.

Gave only those accused of capitol crimes the right to counsel.

Extended the right to counsel to everyone accused of a felony.

Fifth amendment.

Eighth amendment.

Exclusionary clause.

Sixth amendment.

Self-incrimination clause.

Settled once and for all the debate over whether the death penalty constitutes cruel and unusual punishment.

Was the first time the court found a state's death penalty practices (in this case, the state of Georgia) to be freakish and random.

Marks the Supreme Court's ruling that the death penalty is unconstitutional, even though it is an extreme sanction for the most significant of crimes.

A and C

B and C

Ruled that various portions of the Bill of Rights cast "penumbras" protecting a right to privacy, including the right to family planning.

Overturned a Connecticut state law banning the use of contraceptives.

Held that abortion was a woman's legal right.

A and B

B and C

States cannot ban abortion unless the mother's life is in danger.

The federal government, but not the states, is prohibited from funding abortions for poor women.

States are prohibited from funding the abortions of poor women.

States cannot ban abortion.

States can ban abortion except when the mother's health is in danger.

Funding by any level of the government was unconstitutional.

Must be funded by state governments when the mother cannot afford it, or it would be a violation of the equal protection clause.

Restrictions could be imposed by states if they did not involve "undue burdens" on the women seeking abortions.

Could be completely outlawed by individual states.

Was a fundamental right, and any restrictions on such a right had to be judged by a "strict scrutiny."

Gitlow v. New York

Zelman v. Simmon-Harris

Engel v. Vitale

Griswold v. Connecticut

Lemon v. Kurtzman

Arguably discriminatory, reasonable analysis, and negligent.

Negligent, arguably discriminatory, and reasonable.

Reasonable, inherently suspect, and grossly discriminatory.

Reasonable, inherently suspect, and the intermediate standard.

Suspect, inherently suspect, and the intermediate standard.

Is guaranteed in the original Constitution.

Does not deny states treating classes of citizens differently if the classification is reasonable.

Means that laws cannot establish different standards for the treatment of different groups.

Means that states have to make their laws promote equality among persons.

Provides rigid standard for constitutional interpretation.

Strictly unconstitutional

Sexist

Somewhere between inherently suspect and reasonable.

Inherently suspect.

Reasonable.

Thirteenth

First

Tenth

Nineteenth

Equal Rights

The principle of "separate but equal" was overturned.

The principle of "separate but equal" was used to justify segregation.

United State citizenship and all rights that go with it were granted to former slaves.

School busing was allowed to remedy racial segregation.

Housing discrimination was forbidden.

Were enacted by Southern Whites in the late nineteenth century to segregate African Americans from Whites.

Sought to end segregation and bring the races into closer contact with one another.

Established slavery and contract law regulating the slave trade.

The North enforced in the South in the Reconstruction era following the Civil War, granting rights to former slaves.

Justified slavery and set codes for slaves' behavior.

Enunciated the principle of separate but equal.

Ordered the Topeka school district to spend more money on black schools.

Ruled that school segregation was inherently unequal.

Enunciated the principle of equal but separate.

Justified slavery and set codes for slave's behavior.

By the reality of neighborhood schools located in areas that happen to be racially segregated.

From day-to-day depending on changing enrollments at a particular school.

By law.

By constitutional amendment.

By forced school busing to integrate the races.

Was unaffected by the decision.

Proceeded very slowly.

Never changed.

Ended abruptly.

Was completed within three years.

No Child Left Behind Act

Equality of Education Act

Equal Opportunity Act

National Education Act

Civil Rights Act

Federal Trade Commission

National Bar Association

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

Voting Rights Commission

Federal Communication Commission

The practice of de facto slavery rather than de jure slavery.

The practice of shackling slaves working in fields so they could not run away.

The hardships endured to obtain civil rights for African Americans and equal rights for women.

The legal right to vote.

The legal segregation of the races or of men and women in hotels, motels, restaurants, and other public places.

Prohibited the use of poll taxes in federal elections.

Outlawed the use of literacy tests in order to register to vote.

Granted Negroes the right to vote.

Outlawed the grandfather clause and the White primary.

Prohibited discrimination in employment or public accommodations based on race.

Native Americans were made citizens of the United States long before African Americans received the same status.

Native Americans are the poorest minority group in the United States.

Native Americans are guaranteed access to the polls, housing, and to jobs.

Native Americans are the oldest minority group in the United States.

The Indian Claims Act of 1946 established a means to settle financial disputes arising from lands taken from the Native Americans.

Upheld the constitutionality of the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II.

Ruled that restrictions on Japanese ownership of land in the United States were unconstitutional.

Ruled that the removal of Japanese Americans from the west coast and their placement in internment camps during World War II was barbaric and unconstitutional.

Upheld the constitutionality of the United States atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.

Ruled just prior to World War II that Japanese Americans living in the United States had to be repatriated to Japan.

Seneca Falls Declaration.

Equal Rights Amendment.

Declaration of Independence.

Emancipation Proclamation.

Feminist Manifesto.

Dred Scott v. Sandford

Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenberg County Schools

Reed v. Reed

Roe v. Wade

Regents of the University of California v. Bakke

Sex classifications would be treated by the Court as inherently suspect.

All sex classifications were unconstitutional.

Sex classifications would be treated by the Court as valid.

Racial classifications were constitutional if they have a compelling, legitimate, and rational purpose.

It would employ a "medium scrutiny" standard: sex discrimination would be treated as neither valid nor invalid.

Allows gender discrimination in education if it can be demonstrated to be an "educational necessity."

Forbids gender discrimination in federally subsidized education programs, including athletics.

Requires public school institutions to demonstrate equal average scores among male and female students on standardized tests.

Requires gender parity in public school enrollments.

Prohibits single-sex educational institutions and schools.

Ruled that nursing schools cannot discriminate against men in their admissions procedures.

Refused to allow the admission of Bakke to University of California-Davis.

Ruled that a public university could not set aside a quota of spots for particular groups.

Was united in its decision.

Ordered that University of California-Davis could not use race as a criterion for admission.

Upheld the University of Michigan law school's use of race as one of many factors in determining student admissions.

Argued that there was no compelling interesting in promoting racial diversity on the University of Michigan law school campus.

Agreed there was a compelling interest in promoting racial diversity on the University of Michigan law school campus.

Declared unconstitutional the University of Michigan law school's use of race as one of many factors in determining student admissions.

Both A and C

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False

True

False