Explore the evolution of life through the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras, focusing on invertebrates. This quiz covers key events and adaptations, including the Burgess shale fauna, development of seeds in plants, and shifts in reef ecosystems, enhancing understanding of historical biological processes.
Rugose and tabulate
Tetracorals
Scleractinids
Archaeocyathids and sponges
Pentacorals
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The seed, which results from mutation, is released as a durable structure that can sprout into a plant when conditions become favorable.
The seed, which results from fertilization, is released as a delicate structure that can sprout into a plant when conditions become favorable.
The seed, which results from fertilization, is released as a durable structure that can sprout into a plant when conditions become favorable.
The spore, which results from fertilization, is released as a durable structure that can sprout into a plant when conditions become favorable.
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Mollusk
Brachiopod
Foraminifera
Bryozoan
Trilobite
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Burrowing bivalves temporarily displaced corals as the primary builders of organic reefs in the mid-Cretaceous.
Rudist corals temporarily displaced corals as the primary builders of organic reefs in the mid-Cretaceous.
Rudist bivalves temporarily displaced corals as the primary builders of organic reefs in the mid-Cretaceous.
Rudist sponges temporarily displaced corals as the primary builders of organic reefs in the mid-Cretaceous.
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Tetrapods
Amniotes
Therapsids
Small shelly faunas
Burgess Shake fauna
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Rugose
Tetracorals
Scleractinids
Archaeocyathids and sponges
Pentacorals
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Epifaunal animals
Infaunal animals
Tetrapods
Fusulinids
Protistans
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Cloudina
Aldanella
Anomalocaris
Opabinia
Hallucigenia
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Trilobites
Eurypterids
Nautiloids
Goniatites
Ostracodes
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Resources increased due to proliferation of plant life
Transgression provide new, available environments
Regression provide new, available environments
Predation increased therefore prey evolved and diversified
An increase of volcanism along divergent plate boundaries
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Pikaia
Opabinia
Cathymyrus
Marrella
Cloudina
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Reveals extraordinary evolutionary complexity and diversity
Reveals an unimaginable, anachronistic fauna
Documents the sequence of a turbidite flow
Records a remarkable oxygen isotope record indicating cool ocean temperatures
Records the first transgressive/regression cratonic sequence in the Phanerozoic
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Cambrian
Ordovician
Silurian
Devonian
Carboniferous
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251 to 65
200 to 145
145 to 65
251 to 200
200 to 145
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251
150
145
65
200
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Cenozoic
Triassic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Archean
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Jurassic-Cretaceous
Triassic-Jurassic
Permian-Triassic
Paleozoic
Archean
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Orogenic activity shifted eastward from its Jurassic position, so that to the east of the orogenic belt an interior seaway stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean.
Orogenic activity shifted westward from its Jurassic position, so that to the west of the orogenic belt an interior seaway stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Arctic Ocean.
Orogenic activity shifted eastward from its Triassic position, so that to the east of the orogenic belt an interior seaway stretched from the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific Ocean.
Orogenic activity shifted eastward from its Jurassic position, so that to the east of the orogenic belt an interior seaway stretched from the Pacific to the Mediterranean Ocean.
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Newark Group
Ripley Formation
Franciscan Formation
Shinarump Conglomerate
Carmel Formation
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Servier
Nevadan
Sonoma
Tethys
Navajo
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Marine sediments mark zones where Pangea began to rift apart early in the Mesozoic Era.
Basalts mark zones where Pangea began to rift apart early in the Mesozoic Era.
Evaporites mark zones where Pangea began to rift apart early in the Mesozoic Era.
Igneous intrusions mark zones where Pangea began to rift apart early in the Mesozoic Era.
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Thrust fault
Melange
Decollement
Ophiolite
Batholith
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Chinle Formation
Sundance Formation
Navajo Sandstone
Morrison Formation
Shinarump Conglomerate
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Tethys
Gulf of Mexico
South Atlantic Ocean
Pacific Ocean
Sundance Sea
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Fault-blocking basins formed during the rifting episode that eventually formed the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Eurasia; these basins received thick deposits of sediment.
Fault-blocking basins formed during the rifting episode that eventually formed the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Africa; these basins received thick deposits of sediment.
Fault-blocking basins formed during the rifting episode that eventually formed the Atlantic Ocean between South America and Africa; these basins received thick deposits of sediment.
Fault-blocking basins formed during the suturing episode that eventually formed the Atlantic Ocean between North America and Africa; these basins received thick deposits of sediment.
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North
South
East
West
In no direction (stationary)
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Salt domes
Fall lines subduction zones
Subduction zones
Downfaulted basins
Melanges
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Triassic
Triassic-Jurassic
Triassic-Jurassic-Cretaceous
Jurassic-Cretaceous
Cretaceous
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Moenkopi
Shinarump
Chinle
Kayenta
Wingate
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A much more invertebrate fauna resembling that of later Paleozoic time, including many kinds of sponges, bryozoans, brachiopods, vertebrates, arthropods, and graptolites.
A much more invertebrate fauna resembling that of later Mesozoic time, including many kinds of corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, mollusks, graptolites, and vertebrates.
A much more invertebrate fauna resembling that of later Paleozoic time, including many kinds of corals, bryozoans, brachiopods, mollusks, echinoderms, and graptolites.
A much less invertebrate fauna resembling that of later Neoproterzoic time, including many kinds of small shelly faunas, small teeth and spines, mollusks, and echninoids.
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Continental rifting
Basaltic volcanism
Global warming
Global cooling
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Transgression
Regression
Extinction
Orogenesis
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The seas included bivalve gastropods, ammonoid mollusks, brachiopods, sea urchins, hexacorals, bony fishes, sharks, and swimming reptiles; tabulate and rugose corals, and trilobites, were absent.
The seas included tabulate and rugose corals, trilobites, and fusulinid foraminifera; bivalve gastropods, ammonoid mollusks, brachiopods, sea urchins, hexacorals, bony fishes, sharks, and swimming reptiles were absent.
The seas included bivalve gastropods, trilobites, brachiopods, fusulinis foraminifera, sea urchins, bony fishes, sharks, and swimming reptiles; tabulate and rugose corals, hexacorals, ammonoid mollusks, and were absent.
Tabulate reef communities and trilobites were gone, and the crinoids, lacy bryozoans, flakelike algae, fusulinid foraminifera, bony fishes, sharks, and swimming reptiles expanded enormously.
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Early Triassic
Jurassic
Early Cretaceous
Late Cretaceous
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Cenozoic
Cretaceous
Jurassic
Triassic
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The Sundance Sea formed inland from mountains that rose up during the Acadian orogeny in western North America during the Jurassic Period.
The Sundance Sea formed inland from mountains that rose up during the Alleghenian orogeny in western North America during the Triassic Period.
The Sundance Sea formed inland from mountains that rose up during the Nevadan orogeny in western North America during the Jurassic Period.
The Sundance Sea formed inland from mountains that rose up during the Acadian orogeny in eastern North America during the Jurassic Period.
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Vast regression
Vast transgression
Biotic stability
Subtropical flora at 70 degree latitude
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Rudists
Ostracodes
Ophiuroids
Hermatypics
Echinoids
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Planktonic foraminifers
Radiolarians
Barnacles
Nautiloids
Sutures
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Ammonites
Belemnites
Crustaceans
Foraminifers
Conifers
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The disappearance of banded iron formations about 2 billion years ago made it difficult for them to grow successfully.
New salinities and pH formed in sea water, making it difficult to grow successfully.
New groups of bacteria grazed on them and burrowed into them, making it difficult for them to grow successfully.
New groups of animals grazed on them and burrowed into them, making it difficult for them to grow successfully.
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