Gait 101 Review

The correct answer is "A SERIES OF MOTIONS THAT OCCUR BETWEEN THE TIME OF HEEL STRIKE OF REFERENCE LIMB UNTIL HEEL STRIKE OF SAME REFERENCE LIMB." This answer accurately describes a gait cycle as the series of motions that occur between the time when the heel of the reference limb strikes the ground until the same reference limb strikes the ground again with the heel. It encompasses the entire process of walking, including the swing phase and the stance phase of both legs.

Double stance refers to the period in the gait cycle when both lower extremities are in contact with the walking surface. During this phase, the weight is evenly distributed between both legs, providing stability and support. This phase allows for a smooth transition from one step to the next and helps maintain balance while walking.

The statement is true because a normal base typically measures between 2 and 4 feet in width.

Propulsion is another term for toe-off, which refers to the phase of the gait cycle where the foot pushes off from the ground to propel the body forward. This term is commonly used in biomechanics and sports science to describe the action of the foot during walking, running, or any other form of locomotion. Therefore, the statement "Propulsion is another term for toe-off" is true.

Stride length refers to the distance between successive contact of the same limb, meaning the distance covered with each step taken while walking or running. It is a measure of how far a person moves forward with each step. A longer stride length indicates a greater distance covered per step, while a shorter stride length indicates a smaller distance covered per step.

Step length refers to the distance between successive contact points of opposite limbs during gait. It is the distance covered by an individual in a single step, from the heel strike of one foot to the heel strike of the opposite foot. Step length is an important measure in assessing gait patterns and can provide valuable information about an individual's walking ability and overall biomechanics.

A cadence refers to the number of steps a person takes per minute while walking or running. A normal cadence is typically considered to be between 90 and 100 steps per minute. Therefore, the statement that 90-100 steps per minute is considered normal cadence is true.

The correct answer is S2. The center of gravity is located at S2 because it is the only option given that corresponds to a specific point. The other options (L2, L4, T8) do not provide any specific location.

During cadence, if the double support is 0 seconds, it means that both feet are not simultaneously in contact with the ground. This indicates that the person is not resting but rather in motion, as there is a brief period where neither foot is supporting the body weight. Therefore, the statement is false.

Double stance is a period of gait where both feet are in contact with the ground. It occurs during the transition between the stance phase of one leg and the swing phase of the other leg. This period is relatively short compared to other phases of gait, typically consuming around 22% of the total gait time.

The center of gravity refers to the point in an object or person where the weight is evenly distributed and balanced. In the context of this question, the statement "approximately 55-56% of height" suggests that the center of gravity is located around the midpoint of a person's height. This means that the weight of the person is distributed equally above and below this point, allowing for stability and balance.

During normal gait, the center of gravity of the body oscillates vertically approximately 2 inches. This means that as a person walks, their body moves up and down by about 2 inches due to the shifting of their center of gravity. This oscillation helps to maintain balance and stability while walking.

During toe off, the knee flexes to 40 degrees and the ankle plantarflexes to 20 degrees.

The swing phase is the portion of the gait cycle in which the foot is not in contact with the ground. It begins at toe off, when the foot leaves the ground, and ends at heel strike, when the foot makes contact with the ground again. Therefore, the statement "ends at toe off" is not a true statement regarding the swing phase.

The correct answer is "BEGINS AT TOE OFF, ENDS AT HEEL STRIKE." This statement is incorrect because the stance phase of the gait cycle actually begins at heel strike and ends at toe off. During the stance phase, the foot makes contact with the ground at heel strike and remains in contact until toe off, when the foot leaves the ground to begin the swing phase.

A slow walk is typically characterized by a lower number of steps per minute compared to a faster pace. In this case, the maximum number of steps per minute that can still be considered a slow walk is 70. This means that if someone takes more than 70 steps per minute, it would be considered a faster pace or not a slow walk anymore.

To have a fast walk, one would need to take 130 steps per minute.

The normal step length is 15 inches because it is the only option that falls within a reasonable range for a typical human stride. On average, people take steps that are around 2.5 to 3 feet long, which is roughly equivalent to 30 to 36 inches. Therefore, 15 inches seems like a plausible and realistic measurement for a normal step length.

During the swing phase of walking or running, the pelvis rotates approximately 40 degrees forward. This forward rotation helps to create momentum and propel the body forward, allowing for efficient movement.

During gait, the pelvis and trunk shift laterally by approximately 1 inch. This lateral shift helps maintain balance and stability while walking. It allows for weight distribution and counterbalances the movement of the lower limbs. This lateral movement is essential for efficient and coordinated walking.