Fundamentals Of Nursing Practice Test

1. When preparing the epinephrine injection from an ampule, the nurse initially:

Taps the ampule at the top to allow fluid to flow to the base of the ampule

Checks expiration date of the medication ampule

Removes needle cap of syringe and pulls plunger to expel air

Breaks the neck of the ampule with a gauze wrapped around it

The correct answer is to check the expiration date of the medication ampule. This is an important step to ensure that the medication is still within its usable period and has not expired. Using an expired medication can be ineffective or potentially harmful to the patient. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to verify the expiration date before proceeding with the preparation of the epinephrine injection.

Explanation

The correct answer is to check the expiration date of the medication ampule. This is an important step to ensure that the medication is still within its usable period and has not expired. Using an expired medication can be ineffective or potentially harmful to the patient. Therefore, it is crucial for the nurse to verify the expiration date before proceeding with the preparation of the epinephrine injection.

2. Situation 1 - Mr. Ibarra is assigned to the triage area and while on duty, he assesses the condition of Mrs. Simon who came in with asthma. She has difficulty breathing and her respiratory rate is 40 per minute. Mr. Ibarra is asked to inject the client epinephrine 0.3mg subcutaneously. The indication for epinephrine injection for Mrs Simon is to:

Reduce anaphylaxis

Relieve hypersensitivity to allergen

Relieve respirator distress due to bronchial spasm

Restore client's cardiac rhythm

The correct answer is "Relieve respiratory distress due to bronchial spasm." Mrs. Simon is experiencing difficulty breathing and has a high respiratory rate, indicating respiratory distress. Epinephrine is a medication commonly used to relieve bronchial spasms and open up the airways, making it easier for the patient to breathe. It is not indicated for anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to allergens, and it does not restore cardiac rhythm.

Explanation

The correct answer is "Relieve respiratory distress due to bronchial spasm." Mrs. Simon is experiencing difficulty breathing and has a high respiratory rate, indicating respiratory distress. Epinephrine is a medication commonly used to relieve bronchial spasms and open up the airways, making it easier for the patient to breathe. It is not indicated for anaphylaxis or hypersensitivity to allergens, and it does not restore cardiac rhythm.

3. The rationale for giving medications through the subcutaneous route is:

There are many alternative sites for subcutaneous injection

Absorption time of the medicine is slower

There are less pain receptors in this area

The medication can be injected while the client is in any position

The rationale for giving medications through the subcutaneous route is that the absorption time of the medicine is slower. This allows for a sustained release of the medication into the bloodstream, providing a longer duration of action. Subcutaneous injections are also less painful as there are fewer pain receptors in this area compared to other injection sites. Additionally, subcutaneous injections can be administered while the client is in any position, providing flexibility and convenience in the administration of medication.

Explanation

The rationale for giving medications through the subcutaneous route is that the absorption time of the medicine is slower. This allows for a sustained release of the medication into the bloodstream, providing a longer duration of action. Subcutaneous injections are also less painful as there are fewer pain receptors in this area compared to other injection sites. Additionally, subcutaneous injections can be administered while the client is in any position, providing flexibility and convenience in the administration of medication.

4. Mrs. Simon is obese. When administering a subcutaneous injection to an obese patient, it is best for the nurse to:

Inject needle at a 15 degree angle' over the stretched skin of the client

Pinch skin at the Injection site and use airlock technique

Pull skin of patient down to administer the drug in a Z track

Spread skin or pinch at the injection site and inject needle at a 45-90 degree angle

When administering a subcutaneous injection to an obese patient, it is best for the nurse to spread the skin or pinch at the injection site and inject the needle at a 45-90 degree angle. This technique helps to ensure that the medication is properly absorbed into the subcutaneous tissue, as the layer of fat in obese patients can make it more difficult for the medication to be absorbed effectively. Spreading the skin or pinching at the injection site helps to create a proper injection site and allows for better penetration of the needle. Injecting at a 45-90 degree angle ensures that the medication is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue and not into the muscle.

Explanation

When administering a subcutaneous injection to an obese patient, it is best for the nurse to spread the skin or pinch at the injection site and inject the needle at a 45-90 degree angle. This technique helps to ensure that the medication is properly absorbed into the subcutaneous tissue, as the layer of fat in obese patients can make it more difficult for the medication to be absorbed effectively. Spreading the skin or pinching at the injection site helps to create a proper injection site and allows for better penetration of the needle. Injecting at a 45-90 degree angle ensures that the medication is delivered into the subcutaneous tissue and not into the muscle.

5. The type of research design that does not manipulate independent variable is:

Experimental design

Quasi-experimental design

Non-experimental design

Quantitative design

A non-experimental design is a type of research design that does not manipulate the independent variable. In non-experimental designs, the researcher observes and measures variables as they naturally occur, without intervening or manipulating any variables. This type of design is often used when it is not possible or ethical to manipulate variables, or when the research question is focused on observing and describing phenomena as they naturally exist in the real world. Non-experimental designs are commonly used in observational studies, surveys, and correlational research.

Explanation

A non-experimental design is a type of research design that does not manipulate the independent variable. In non-experimental designs, the researcher observes and measures variables as they naturally occur, without intervening or manipulating any variables. This type of design is often used when it is not possible or ethical to manipulate variables, or when the research question is focused on observing and describing phenomena as they naturally exist in the real world. Non-experimental designs are commonly used in observational studies, surveys, and correlational research.

6. This research topic has the potential to contribute to nursing because it seeks to: a. include new modalities of care b. resolve a clinical problem c. clarify an ambiguous modality of care d. enhance client care

Include new modalities of care

Resolve a clinical problem

Clarify an ambiguous modality of care

Enhance client care

The correct answer is d. enhance client care. This research topic has the potential to contribute to nursing by improving the quality of care provided to clients. By conducting research and implementing new strategies or interventions, nurses can enhance the overall care experience for their clients, leading to improved outcomes and satisfaction. This may involve incorporating new modalities of care or resolving clinical problems, but the ultimate goal is to enhance client care.

Explanation

The correct answer is d. enhance client care. This research topic has the potential to contribute to nursing by improving the quality of care provided to clients. By conducting research and implementing new strategies or interventions, nurses can enhance the overall care experience for their clients, leading to improved outcomes and satisfaction. This may involve incorporating new modalities of care or resolving clinical problems, but the ultimate goal is to enhance client care.

7. Situation 2 - The use of massage and meditation to help decrease stress and pain have been strongly recommended based on documented testimonials. Martha wants to do a study on, this topic. "Effects of massage and meditation on stress and pain." The type of research that best suits this topic is:

Applied research

Qualitative research

Basic research

Quantitative research

Qualitative research would be the best type of research for Martha's study on the effects of massage and meditation on stress and pain. Qualitative research focuses on exploring and understanding people's experiences, perceptions, and behaviors in-depth. In this case, Martha wants to gather detailed information about the subjective experiences of individuals who have used massage and meditation to decrease stress and pain. Through qualitative research methods such as interviews or observations, Martha can gain insights into the participants' thoughts, emotions, and the impact of these practices on their well-being.

Explanation

Qualitative research would be the best type of research for Martha's study on the effects of massage and meditation on stress and pain. Qualitative research focuses on exploring and understanding people's experiences, perceptions, and behaviors in-depth. In this case, Martha wants to gather detailed information about the subjective experiences of individuals who have used massage and meditation to decrease stress and pain. Through qualitative research methods such as interviews or observations, Martha can gain insights into the participants' thoughts, emotions, and the impact of these practices on their well-being.