Fundamentals Of Skin And Wound care

It is important to clean wounds before applying ointments because cleaning helps remove dirt, debris, and bacteria from the wound. This reduces the risk of infection and promotes proper healing. Ointments can then be applied to provide a protective barrier and aid in the healing process.

Wounds on hard parts, such as bones or cartilage, may require ointments for proper healing. Ointments can provide a protective barrier, promote healing, and prevent infection. Therefore, the statement that wounds on hard parts don't require ointments is incorrect.

The given description states that the exudate is hemorrhagic, meaning it contains blood. It also mentions a large number of red blood cells and severe damage to capillaries. Based on this information, the correct answer is "Sanguineous" which refers to a bloody or blood-tinged exudate.

The given explanation suggests that the correct answer is the proliferative phase. This phase of healing typically occurs from day 3 or 4 until day 21 after an injury. During this phase, collagen extends in the area, and capillaries grow across the wound.

Stage III is the correct answer because it involves full-thickness skin loss that extends into the subcutaneous tissue, which can result in damage or necrosis. This stage indicates a more severe level of tissue damage compared to Stage I and Stage II, where the skin loss is partial and does not extend into the subcutaneous tissue. Stage IV is the most severe stage, involving extensive tissue damage, including muscle, bone, or supporting structures.

Clean-contaminated wounds refer to surgical wounds in which the respiratory, alimentary, genital, or urinary tract has been entered under controlled conditions with no evidence of infection. These wounds have a higher risk of infection compared to clean wounds, as they involve a sterile body cavity or organ system but with potential contamination from the surgical procedure itself. Therefore, these wounds require special attention and precautions to prevent infection.

Tertiary healing refers to the process of wound healing where the wound is left open for a period of time to allow for drainage of edema, infection, or exudate. This approach is used when there is a high risk of infection or when the wound is contaminated. By leaving the wound open, any fluid buildup or infection can be expelled, promoting a cleaner and healthier healing environment. This method can help reduce the risk of complications and promote more efficient healing.

The correct answer is decreased mental status, fecal and urinary incontinence, and excessive body heat. These factors increase the risk of developing pressure ulcers. Decreased mental status can lead to decreased mobility and inability to reposition oneself, increasing the pressure on certain areas of the body. Fecal and urinary incontinence can cause prolonged exposure to moisture, which can damage the skin. Excessive body heat can increase sweating, leading to increased moisture and friction on the skin, making it more susceptible to pressure ulcers.

A compress is a method used to apply moist cold. It involves soaking a cloth or towel in cold water, wringing out the excess water, and then applying it to the affected area. The moisture from the compress helps to cool down the area and provide relief. Cold packs and ice bags can also be used to apply moist cold by placing them directly on the skin. Cooling sponge bath is a method of applying moist cold by using a sponge soaked in cold water to bathe the body.

Giving supplements to increase caloric intake can help prevent pressure ulcers by ensuring that the individual receives adequate nutrition, which is essential for maintaining healthy skin and preventing skin breakdown. Frequent toileting is also important as it helps to relieve pressure on specific areas and reduces the risk of prolonged pressure on the skin. However, massaging the area and decreasing humidity are not effective ways to prevent pressure ulcers.