Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 32 Testbank

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  • 1/11 Questions

    Which of the following types of fatty acids can increase LDL-cholesterol?

    • Saturated fatty acids
    • Trans fatty acids
    • Omega 6 fatty acids
    • A and b
    • A, b and c
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About This Quiz


The Food and Nutrition testbanks consist of multiple choice questions that test your knowledge of the topics covered in the book. You can use these questions to check your understanding as you read through each chapter, or practise for your exam.
The Department of Nutrition and Dietetics at Monash University is acknowledged for its contribution to these questions.

Food And Nutrition 3rd Edition - Chapter 32 Testbank - Quiz

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  • 2. 

    Individuals with the highest risk of premature coronary heart disease are those:

    • With inherited lipid disorder and elevated LDL-cholesterol levels

    • With inherited lipid disorder and elevated HDL-cholesterol levels

    • With diabetes

    • Who smoke

    • None of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. With inherited lipid disorder and elevated LDL-cholesterol levels
    Explanation
    Individuals with an inherited lipid disorder and elevated LDL-cholesterol levels are at the highest risk of premature coronary heart disease. This is because high LDL-cholesterol levels contribute to the buildup of plaque in the arteries, leading to the narrowing and hardening of the arteries. This increases the risk of heart attacks and other cardiovascular complications. Inherited lipid disorders, such as familial hypercholesterolemia, further increase the risk by causing abnormally high cholesterol levels from a young age. Therefore, individuals with this combination of factors are at the highest risk of premature coronary heart disease.

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  • 3. 

    Marginally low levels of which vitamins are thought to lead to elevated levels of the potential vascular toxin homocysteine?

    • Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, folic acid

    • Vitamin C, Vitamin D, folic acid

    • Vitamin B1, Vitamin B2, Vitamin C

    • Vitamin A, Vitamin E, Vitamin C

    • Vitamin K, Vitamin A, Vitamin B1

    Correct Answer
    A. Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, folic acid
    Explanation
    Marginally low levels of Vitamin B12, Vitamin B6, and folic acid are thought to lead to elevated levels of the potential vascular toxin homocysteine.

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  • 4. 

    A useful recommendation for someone trying to improve their blood lipid levels could include:

    • Increasing consumption of palm and coconut oil

    • Increasing consumption of legumes

    • Decreasing intake of polyunsaturated margarine

    • Decreasing intake of fruits and vegetables

    • Decreasing intake of low fat milk products

    Correct Answer
    A. Increasing consumption of legumes
    Explanation
    Increasing consumption of legumes is a useful recommendation for someone trying to improve their blood lipid levels because legumes, such as beans, lentils, and chickpeas, are rich in soluble fiber and plant proteins. Soluble fiber helps to lower cholesterol levels by reducing the absorption of cholesterol in the intestines. Additionally, legumes are low in saturated fat and contain no cholesterol, making them a heart-healthy food choice. By increasing the consumption of legumes, individuals can improve their blood lipid levels and promote overall cardiovascular health.

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  • 5. 

    The development of atherosclerosis is thought to involve an interruption of the endothelial lining caused by hyperlidemia, thickening of the arterial wall, and:

    • Hypertension

    • Tendency to platelet-plug formation

    • Muscle weakening

    • Elevated cholesterol levels

    • Obesity

    Correct Answer
    A. Tendency to platelet-plug formation
    Explanation
    The development of atherosclerosis is thought to involve an interruption of the endothelial lining caused by hyperlidemia, thickening of the arterial wall, and a tendency to platelet-plug formation. Platelets are small cell fragments that play a crucial role in blood clotting. When there is an interruption in the endothelial lining, platelets can adhere to the damaged area and form a plug to prevent bleeding. However, in the case of atherosclerosis, this tendency to platelet-plug formation can lead to the formation of blood clots that can block the arteries, leading to reduced blood flow and potentially causing a heart attack or stroke.

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  • 6. 

    Cardiovascular diseases include:

    • Leg arterial disease, diabetes

    • Coeliac disease, Crohn’s disease

    • Coronary heart disease, renal artery stenosis

    • Stroke, cardiomyopathy

    • All of the above

    Correct Answer
    A. Coronary heart disease, renal artery stenosis
    Explanation
    The correct answer is "Coronary heart disease, renal artery stenosis." Cardiovascular diseases refer to conditions that affect the heart and blood vessels. Coronary heart disease is a condition that occurs when the blood vessels supplying the heart become narrowed or blocked, leading to chest pain and heart attacks. Renal artery stenosis is a condition that occurs when the arteries supplying blood to the kidneys become narrowed, potentially leading to high blood pressure and kidney damage. Both of these conditions are examples of cardiovascular diseases.

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  • 7. 

    Dietary factors thought to have an antithrombotic effect are:

    • N-3 fatty acids from fish

    • N-6 monounsaturated fats

    • Olive oil

    • A and b

    • A, b and c

    Correct Answer
    A. A, b and c
    Explanation
    Dietary factors that are believed to have an antithrombotic effect include n-3 fatty acids from fish, n-6 monounsaturated fats, and olive oil. These substances have been found to help prevent the formation of blood clots, which can lead to thrombosis. N-3 fatty acids, found in fish like salmon and tuna, have been shown to reduce the risk of blood clotting. N-6 monounsaturated fats, found in foods like nuts and seeds, can also have antithrombotic effects. Olive oil, a staple of the Mediterranean diet, has been associated with a lower risk of blood clot formation as well. Therefore, the correct answer is a, b, and c.

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  • 8. 

    It is hypothesised that quenching of free radicals with which substance produced by intact endothelial cells would provide spasm of the blood vessel and arterial thrombosis?

    • Insulin

    • Cholecystokinin

    • Cortisol

    • Renin

    • Nitric oxide

    Correct Answer
    A. Nitric oxide
    Explanation
    Nitric oxide is produced by intact endothelial cells and acts as a vasodilator, meaning it relaxes and widens blood vessels. This prevents spasm of the blood vessels and arterial thrombosis.

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  • 9. 

    Non nutrient components in food thought to favourably influence plasma lipoprotein status and other coronary heart disease factors include:

    • Glucosinolates

    • Lycopenes

    • Plant sterols

    • A and b

    • A, b and c

    Correct Answer
    A. Plant sterols
    Explanation
    Plant sterols are non-nutrient components found in certain foods that have been shown to have a favorable impact on plasma lipoprotein status and other factors related to coronary heart disease. These compounds have a similar structure to cholesterol and compete with it for absorption in the intestines. As a result, plant sterols can help lower LDL cholesterol levels, which is beneficial for cardiovascular health. Therefore, including plant sterols in the diet can be an effective strategy for managing cholesterol levels and reducing the risk of coronary heart disease.

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  • 10. 

    Which of the following foods in a mixed diet would NOT potentially favourably affect cardiovascular disease risk factors?

    • Black tea

    • Coffee

    • Dark chocolate

    • Tomatoes

    • Soy

    Correct Answer
    A. Coffee
    Explanation
    Coffee is the only option among the given foods that does not potentially favorably affect cardiovascular disease risk factors. While black tea, dark chocolate, tomatoes, and soy have been shown to have positive effects on cardiovascular health, coffee consumption has been associated with increased blood pressure and cholesterol levels, which are risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Therefore, coffee is the correct answer as it does not have the same potential benefits as the other foods listed.

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  • 11. 

    The two dietary factors thought to be most important in reducing blood pressure are:

    • Sodium and alcohol intake

    • Meat and calcium intake

    • Obesity and sodium intake

    • Obesity and alcohol intake

    • Cadmium and coffee intake

    Correct Answer
    A. Obesity and alcohol intake
    Explanation
    Obesity and alcohol intake are the two dietary factors thought to be most important in reducing blood pressure. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, and losing weight can help lower blood pressure. Alcohol consumption, on the other hand, can have both positive and negative effects on blood pressure. Moderate alcohol intake may have a protective effect on the cardiovascular system, while excessive alcohol consumption can lead to hypertension. Therefore, managing obesity and alcohol intake are crucial for maintaining healthy blood pressure levels.

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  • Current Version
  • Dec 13, 2023
    Quiz Edited by
    ProProfs Editorial Team
  • Feb 22, 2011
    Quiz Created by
    Allenandunwin
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