First Semester Biology Review 2011-2012
Biology first semester review 7th grade
Questions and Answers
- 1.
An original base sequence of DNA, AAACCCGGG, changes to AAACACCGGG. This mutation is known as a(n)
- A.
Deletion
- B.
Insertion
- C.
Substitution
- D.
Omission
Correct Answer
B. InsertionExplanation
The given DNA sequence originally had three consecutive C bases, but in the mutated sequence, there is an extra A inserted between the second and third C. This type of mutation, where an extra base is inserted into the sequence, is known as an insertion.Rate this question:
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- 2.
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic that all living things share?
- A.
All living things reproduce. (except hybrids)
- B.
All living things sense and respond to change.
- C.
All living things obtain water by drinking.
- D.
All living things use energy.
Correct Answer
C. All living things obtain water by drinking.Explanation
All living things obtain water by drinking. This statement is not a characteristic that all living things share. While it is true that water is essential for the survival of living organisms, not all living things obtain water by drinking. Some organisms, such as plants, obtain water through their roots from the soil, while others, like marine animals, obtain water from their surrounding environment. Therefore, the statement is incorrect, and it does not apply to all living things.Rate this question:
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- 3.
Once mitosis is complete, the splitting of the cytoplasm or ____ occurs
- A.
Endocytosis
- B.
Cytokinesis
- C.
Exocytosis
- D.
Osmosis
Correct Answer
B. CytokinesisExplanation
After mitosis, the process of cytokinesis occurs, which is the splitting of the cytoplasm. This is the final step in cell division, where the cytoplasm divides into two daughter cells, each containing a complete set of genetic material. Cytokinesis ensures that the genetic material is evenly distributed between the two daughter cells, allowing them to function independently. Endocytosis, exocytosis, and osmosis are all different cellular processes and are not directly related to the splitting of the cytoplasm after mitosis.Rate this question:
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- 4.
Which of the following is a true statement about all living things?
- A.
They cannot sense changes in their external environment.
- B.
They have one or more cells.
- C.
They do not need to use energy.
- D.
They reproduce asexually.
Correct Answer
B. They have one or more cells.Explanation
All living things have one or more cells. Cells are the basic units of life and are responsible for carrying out all the necessary functions for an organism to survive. Whether it is a single-celled organism like bacteria or a complex multicellular organism like humans, cells are essential for life. They provide structure, carry out metabolic processes, and enable reproduction and growth. Without cells, life as we know it would not exist.Rate this question:
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- 5.
A change in an organism's environment that affects the organism's activities is a
- A.
Response
- B.
Stimulus
- C.
Metabolism
- D.
Producer
Correct Answer
B. StimulusExplanation
A stimulus is a change in an organism's environment that triggers a response or reaction from the organism. It can be any external factor such as light, temperature, sound, or touch that influences the behavior or activities of the organism. In this context, the correct answer is stimulus because it accurately describes the relationship between the change in the environment and the organism's activities.Rate this question:
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- 6.
When a scientist finds that a hypothesis is wrong, the scientist usually
- A.
Tries to find another explanation for what has been observed.
- B.
Stops studying science.
- C.
Feels that nothing valuable was learned.
- D.
Adds an additional variable to his or her experiment.
Correct Answer
A. Tries to find another explanation for what has been observed.Explanation
When a scientist finds that a hypothesis is wrong, they usually try to find another explanation for what has been observed. This is because scientists understand that failure is a normal part of the scientific process and that it provides an opportunity to learn and refine their understanding. By seeking alternative explanations, scientists can revise their hypotheses, design new experiments, and continue to make progress in their research. This approach demonstrates the scientific method's emphasis on curiosity, open-mindedness, and the pursuit of knowledge.Rate this question:
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- 7.
These may be dominant or recessive
- A.
Alleles
- B.
Punnett squares
- C.
Phenotypes
- D.
Sex cells
Correct Answer
A. AllelesExplanation
Alleles are alternate forms of a gene that can occupy the same position on a chromosome. They can be either dominant or recessive, meaning that one allele may mask the expression of the other in determining the phenotype of an organism. Alleles are important in genetics and are represented in Punnett squares, which are used to predict the possible combinations of alleles and the resulting phenotypes in offspring. Alleles are also passed on from parents to their offspring through sex cells (sperm and eggs) during reproduction.Rate this question:
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- 8.
In a pedigree, squares represent
- A.
Adults
- B.
Children
- C.
Females.
- D.
Males
Correct Answer
D. MalesExplanation
In a pedigree, squares typically represent males. This is because pedigrees are used to trace the inheritance of traits or genetic conditions through generations, and squares are commonly used to represent male individuals in these diagrams. By using squares for males and circles for females, it becomes easier to visually track the passage of traits or conditions from one generation to the next.Rate this question:
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- 9.
Which of the following is an example of a tissue in your body?
- A.
Blood
- B.
Fat
- C.
Muscle cells
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
All of the options listed (blood, fat, and muscle cells) are examples of different types of tissues in the human body. Tissues are groups of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function. Blood is a connective tissue that transports oxygen, nutrients, and waste products throughout the body. Fat is a type of adipose tissue that stores energy and provides insulation. Muscle cells make up muscle tissue, which allows for movement and contraction. Therefore, all of these options are correct examples of tissues in the body.Rate this question:
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- 10.
The steps of the scientific method
- A.
Must all be used in every scientific investigation.
- B.
Must always be used in the same order.
- C.
Are not always used in order.
- D.
Start with the development of a theory.
Correct Answer
C. Are not always used in order.Explanation
The scientific method is a systematic approach to conducting scientific investigations. While it is ideal to follow all the steps of the scientific method, it is not always necessary to use them in a specific order. Depending on the nature of the investigation or the availability of resources, scientists may skip or rearrange certain steps. Flexibility in the order of the steps allows for adaptability and efficiency in the scientific process. Therefore, the correct answer is that the steps of the scientific method are not always used in order.Rate this question:
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- 11.
The largest and most visible organelle in a eukaryotic cell is the
- A.
Endoplasmic reticulum.
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Golgi complex.
Correct Answer
C. NucleusExplanation
The nucleus is the largest and most visible organelle in a eukaryotic cell. It is responsible for storing the cell's genetic material and controlling cellular activities. The nucleus is surrounded by a nuclear membrane, which separates it from the cytoplasm. It contains the cell's DNA, which carries the instructions for making proteins and controlling cell functions. The nucleus also contains a nucleolus, which is involved in the production of ribosomes. Overall, the nucleus plays a crucial role in maintaining the cell's structure and function.Rate this question:
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- 12.
____ developed a square that is used to visualize all the possible combinations of alleles in offspring resulting from a genetic cross.
- A.
Mendel
- B.
Punnett
- C.
Sutton
- D.
Allele
Correct Answer
B. PunnettExplanation
A Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible combinations of alleles in offspring resulting from a genetic cross. It was developed by Reginald Punnett, a British geneticist, and is named after him. The Punnett square helps to determine the probability of certain traits being inherited by offspring by organizing the possible combinations of alleles from the parents. It is a visual representation that simplifies the understanding of genetic inheritance patterns.Rate this question:
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- 13.
DNA
- A.
Is made up of amino acids.
- B.
Has a structure like a twisted ladder.
- C.
Can be mutated.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the above". DNA is made up of nucleotides, not amino acids. It has a double helix structure, resembling a twisted ladder. DNA can undergo mutations, which are changes in its genetic sequence. Therefore, all the statements mentioned in the options are true.Rate this question:
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- 14.
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is known to cause mutations in ____ cells that can lead to cancer, which is why you should wear sunscreen in the summertime
- A.
Skin
- B.
Liver
- C.
Brain
- D.
Heart
Correct Answer
A. SkinExplanation
Ultraviolet radiation from the sun is known to cause mutations in skin cells that can lead to cancer, which is why you should wear sunscreen in the summertime. Skin cells are directly exposed to the sun's rays and are therefore more susceptible to the harmful effects of ultraviolet radiation. Protecting the skin with sunscreen helps to minimize the risk of mutations and the development of skin cancer.Rate this question:
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- 15.
How many chromosomes are present in a normal human sex cell?
- A.
22
- B.
23
- C.
46
- D.
92
Correct Answer
B. 23Explanation
A normal human sex cell, also known as a gamete, contains half the number of chromosomes compared to other body cells. This is because during sexual reproduction, the gametes from both parents combine to form a new individual with the correct number of chromosomes. In humans, the normal number of chromosomes in a body cell is 46, with 23 inherited from each parent. Therefore, the correct answer is 23 chromosomes in a normal human sex cell.Rate this question:
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- 16.
The trait that seems to dissapear in the background in first-generation offspring is the
- A.
Genotype
- B.
Phenotype
- C.
Dominant trait.
- D.
Recessive trait.
Correct Answer
D. Recessive trait.Explanation
In genetics, traits can be classified as dominant or recessive. Dominant traits are always expressed in the phenotype, while recessive traits are only expressed if an individual has two copies of the recessive allele. In first-generation offspring, the recessive trait may appear to disappear because it is masked by the presence of the dominant trait. However, the recessive trait can still be passed on to future generations if both parents carry the recessive allele.Rate this question:
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- 17.
Humans produce sex cells through a process called
- A.
Mitosis
- B.
Cytokinesis
- C.
Meiosis
- D.
Binary fission.
Correct Answer
C. MeiosisExplanation
Meiosis is the correct answer because it is the process by which humans produce sex cells, also known as gametes. During meiosis, the number of chromosomes is halved, resulting in haploid cells that are used for sexual reproduction. Mitosis is a process of cell division that produces identical daughter cells, while cytokinesis is the division of the cytoplasm. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction used by single-celled organisms.Rate this question:
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- 18.
When vesicles are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi complex and they carry particles to the cell membrane for export, this is called
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Active transportation.
- C.
Endocytosis
- D.
Exocytosis.
Correct Answer
D. Exocytosis.Explanation
Exocytosis refers to the process in which vesicles are formed at the endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi complex and carry particles to the cell membrane for export. It is a mechanism used by cells to release substances such as hormones, enzymes, or waste products into the extracellular space. This process involves the fusion of the vesicle membrane with the cell membrane, allowing the contents of the vesicle to be released outside the cell.Rate this question:
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- 19.
Which of the following would NOT be an area of study in life science?
- A.
Studying how lions and hyenas interact
- B.
Measuring the rate at which bacteria divide
- C.
Comparing the reproduction of arctic plants with that of desert plants
- D.
Studying how volcanoes are formed
Correct Answer
D. Studying how volcanoes are formedExplanation
Studying how volcanoes are formed would not be an area of study in life science because it falls under the field of earth science or geology. Life science focuses on the study of living organisms, their behavior, characteristics, and interactions with their environment. The other options mentioned involve the study of living organisms such as lions, hyenas, bacteria, and plants, which are all areas of study in life science.Rate this question:
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- 20.
When a cell membrane surrounds a particle, encloses it in a vesicle, and brings the particle into the cell, this is called
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Active transportation.
- C.
Endocytosis.
- D.
Exocytosis
Correct Answer
C. Endocytosis.Explanation
When a cell membrane surrounds a particle, encloses it in a vesicle, and brings the particle into the cell, this process is called endocytosis. Osmosis refers to the movement of water molecules across a selectively permeable membrane. Active transportation involves the movement of molecules or ions against their concentration gradient, requiring energy. Exocytosis is the process by which a cell releases substances from vesicles into the extracellular space. Therefore, endocytosis is the correct term to describe the described process.Rate this question:
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- 21.
____ are usually stated in an "If . . . then . . ." format
- A.
Hypotheses
- B.
Predictions
- C.
Theories
- D.
Variables
Correct Answer
B. PredictionsExplanation
Predictions are usually stated in an "If . . . then . . ." format. Predictions are statements that make educated guesses about the outcome of a specific event or situation based on available information or evidence. By using the format "If . . . then . . .", predictions establish a cause-and-effect relationship between certain conditions (the "if" part) and the expected result (the "then" part). This format allows for clear and logical reasoning, making predictions more precise and testable.Rate this question:
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- 22.
A monkey is made up of trillions of
- A.
Stimuli
- B.
Eggs
- C.
Minerals
- D.
Cells
Correct Answer
D. CellsExplanation
A monkey is made up of trillions of cells. Cells are the basic building blocks of all living organisms, including monkeys. They are responsible for carrying out various functions in the body, such as growth, reproduction, and repair. Without cells, a monkey would not be able to survive or function properly.Rate this question:
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- 23.
Which of the following is NOT found in animal cells?
- A.
Cell wall
- B.
Cell membrane
- C.
Lysosomes
- D.
Vesicle
Correct Answer
A. Cell wallExplanation
Animal cells do not have a cell wall. The cell wall is a rigid structure found in plant cells, fungi, and some bacteria that provides support and protection. Animal cells, on the other hand, are surrounded by a flexible cell membrane that regulates the movement of substances in and out of the cell. Lysosomes and vesicles are both present in animal cells and play important roles in cellular processes such as digestion and transport.Rate this question:
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- 24.
In a pedigree, circles represent
- A.
Adults
- B.
Children
- C.
Females
- D.
Males
Correct Answer
C. FemalesExplanation
In a pedigree, circles are commonly used to represent females. This is a convention used to visually differentiate between males and females in a family tree diagram. By using circles for females and squares for males, it becomes easier to identify and track the gender of individuals in the pedigree.Rate this question:
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- 25.
An organism with chloroplasts is a
- A.
Consumer
- B.
Prokaryote
- C.
Producer
- D.
Centromere
Correct Answer
C. ProducerExplanation
An organism with chloroplasts is a producer because chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis, which is the process through which producers convert sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide into glucose and oxygen. Producers, also known as autotrophs, are capable of producing their own food using energy from the sun.Rate this question:
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- 26.
A mutation in DNA could result in
- A.
A genetic disorder.
- B.
Death
- C.
No change at all.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
A mutation in DNA can result in a genetic disorder because it can alter the genetic code and lead to the production of abnormal proteins or the absence of necessary proteins. This can cause various health problems or abnormalities in an individual. Additionally, some mutations can be lethal and lead to death. On the other hand, not all mutations have significant effects, and some may not cause any noticeable change at all. Therefore, all of the given options are possible outcomes of a DNA mutation.Rate this question:
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- 27.
What are the four basic necessities of life?
- A.
Air, water, food, and living space
- B.
Sunlight, air, water, and food
- C.
Water, air, food, and clothing
- D.
Sunlight, water, food, and clothing
Correct Answer
A. Air, water, food, and living spaceExplanation
The four basic necessities of life are air, water, food, and living space. These are essential for the survival and well-being of all living organisms. Air provides oxygen for respiration, water is required for hydration and various bodily functions, food provides the necessary nutrients and energy, and living space refers to a suitable habitat or environment where organisms can thrive and reproduce. These four elements are fundamental for sustaining life.Rate this question:
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- 28.
The passing of traits from parents to offspring is
- A.
Probability
- B.
Heredity
- C.
Recessive
- D.
Meiosis
Correct Answer
B. HeredityExplanation
Heredity is the correct answer because it refers to the passing of traits from parents to offspring. It involves the transmission of genetic information from one generation to the next, resulting in similarities and variations among individuals. Heredity is responsible for the inheritance of physical characteristics, such as eye color, hair type, and height, as well as the transmission of genetic disorders and predispositions.Rate this question:
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- 29.
In meiosis,
- A.
The chromosomes are copied twice.
- B.
The nucleus divides once.
- C.
Four cells are produced from a single cell.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
C. Four cells are produced from a single cell.Explanation
In meiosis, the chromosomes are copied twice through a process called DNA replication. Then, the nucleus divides twice, resulting in four cells being produced from a single cell. This is because meiosis involves two rounds of cell division, known as meiosis I and meiosis II, which ultimately leads to the formation of four genetically distinct haploid cells.Rate this question:
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- 30.
Which of the following does NOT describe cells?
- A.
All cells are surrounded by a cell membrane.
- B.
All cells are able to survive on their own.
- C.
All cells come from other cells.
- D.
All cells contain cytoplasm and organelles.
Correct Answer
B. All cells are able to survive on their own.Explanation
The statement "All cells are able to survive on their own" is not true because some cells, such as red blood cells, are unable to survive outside of the body. They lack a nucleus and other organelles necessary for independent survival. Therefore, this statement does not describe cells accurately.Rate this question:
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- 31.
A person has about 200 different kinds of cells, each specialized to do a particular job. This means that the person
- A.
Does not need tissues.
- B.
Does not need organs.
- C.
Is multicellular.
- D.
Is unicellular.
Correct Answer
C. Is multicellular.Explanation
The statement "A person has about 200 different kinds of cells, each specialized to do a particular job" implies that the person is made up of multiple cells that have specific functions. This indicates that the person is multicellular, as multicellular organisms are composed of more than one cell. Therefore, the correct answer is "is multicellular."Rate this question:
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- 32.
Before mitosis begins
- A.
The nuclear membrane breaks apart.
- B.
The chromosomes and other cell materials are copied.
- C.
The chromatids separate.
- D.
The chromosomes line up along the equator of the cell.
Correct Answer
B. The chromosomes and other cell materials are copied.Explanation
Before mitosis begins, the chromosomes and other cell materials are copied. This is known as DNA replication. During this process, the DNA molecules unwind and separate, and each strand serves as a template for the synthesis of a new complementary strand. This results in the formation of two identical copies of each chromosome, called sister chromatids. These replicated chromosomes will then be separated during mitosis to ensure that each daughter cell receives a complete set of genetic information.Rate this question:
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- 33.
Which statement best describes how decomposers get the food they need to survive?
- A.
Organisms
- B.
They obtain energy and food from the chemicals in their environment.
- C.
They use energy from the sun to make food from water and carbon dioxide.
- D.
They break down the nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes.
Correct Answer
D. They break down the nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes.Explanation
Decomposers are organisms that obtain their food by breaking down the nutrients present in dead organisms or animal wastes. They play a crucial role in the ecosystem by decomposing organic matter and returning essential nutrients back into the environment. This process of decomposition helps to recycle nutrients and maintain the balance in the ecosystem. By breaking down dead organisms and animal wastes, decomposers obtain the energy and nutrients they need to survive.Rate this question:
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- 34.
Which of the following is NOT one of the six steps of the scientific method?
- A.
Ask a question
- B.
Test a hypothesis
- C.
Draw conclusions
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
D. None of the aboveExplanation
The question asks for the step that is NOT part of the scientific method. The first three options, "ask a question," "test a hypothesis," and "draw conclusions," are all steps in the scientific method. Therefore, the correct answer is "none of the above," indicating that all of the given options are part of the six steps of the scientific method.Rate this question:
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- 35.
Mitosis is usually divided into ____ stage(s).
- A.
1
- B.
2
- C.
4
- D.
5
Correct Answer
C. 4Explanation
Mitosis is usually divided into four stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Each stage has a specific set of events and is crucial for the proper division of the cell. During prophase, the chromosomes condense and become visible. In metaphase, the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell. Anaphase is characterized by the separation of sister chromatids, and in telophase, the nuclear envelope reforms around the separated chromosomes. These four stages ensure the equal distribution of genetic material to the daughter cells.Rate this question:
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- 36.
After concluding that your tests support your hypothesis, you should
- A.
Keep it secret so that no one steals your idea.
- B.
Publish the results so that other scientists can learn from you.
- C.
Wait around to see if anyone else discovers the same thing.
- D.
None of the above
Correct Answer
B. Publish the results so that other scientists can learn from you.Explanation
After concluding that your tests support your hypothesis, you should publish the results so that other scientists can learn from you. This is because sharing your findings with the scientific community allows for peer review, replication, and further research on the topic. It promotes transparency, collaboration, and the advancement of knowledge in the field. Keeping the results secret would hinder scientific progress, while waiting around for others to discover the same thing may lead to unnecessary delays in sharing valuable information.Rate this question:
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- 37.
The trait that always appears in first-generation offspring is the
- A.
Genotype
- B.
Phenotype
- C.
Dominant trait.
- D.
Recessive trait.
Correct Answer
C. Dominant trait.Explanation
The dominant trait is the one that is always expressed in the first generation offspring. This means that even if an individual carries a recessive trait, if there is a dominant trait present, it will be the one that is visible. The genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual, while the phenotype refers to the physical characteristics that are expressed. However, in this case, the question specifically asks for the trait that always appears in the first-generation offspring, which is the dominant trait.Rate this question:
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- 38.
What would the complementary strand of DNA be for the sequence of bases ACCTAGTTG?
- A.
CAAGCTGGT
- B.
TGGATCAAC
- C.
GTTCGACCA
- D.
ACCTAGTTG
Correct Answer
B. TGGATCAACExplanation
The complementary strand of DNA is formed by pairing each base with its complementary base. In DNA, adenine (A) always pairs with thymine (T), and cytosine (C) always pairs with guanine (G). Therefore, to find the complementary strand, we need to replace each base with its complementary base. The sequence ACCTAGTTG has the bases A, C, C, T, A, G, T, T, and G. The complementary bases for these are T, G, G, A, T, C, A, A, and C, respectively. Therefore, the complementary strand of DNA for ACCTAGTTG is TGGATCAAC.Rate this question:
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- 39.
The exchange of materials between a cell and its environment takes place across cell
- A.
Mitochondria
- B.
Membranes
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Nucleolus
Correct Answer
B. MembranesExplanation
The exchange of materials between a cell and its environment occurs across cell membranes. Cell membranes are selectively permeable, allowing certain substances to enter or exit the cell while preventing others from doing so. This process of exchange is crucial for the cell's survival as it allows for the uptake of nutrients and the removal of waste products. The other options listed, such as mitochondria, nucleus, and nucleolus, are cellular organelles that have specific functions within the cell but are not directly involved in the exchange of materials with the environment.Rate this question:
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- 40.
When pollen from one flower or plant can fertilize the eggs of the same flower or the eggs of another flower on the same plant, it is said to be
- A.
Cross-pollinating.
- B.
Self-pollinating.
- C.
First-generation.
- D.
Second-generation.
Correct Answer
B. Self-pollinating.Explanation
When pollen from one flower or plant can fertilize the eggs of the same flower or the eggs of another flower on the same plant, it is referred to as self-pollinating. This means that the plant does not require external agents such as wind, insects, or animals to transfer pollen between flowers. Instead, the plant is capable of fertilizing its own eggs, ensuring reproduction without the need for cross-pollination.Rate this question:
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- 41.
Cells are
- A.
The structures that contain all of the materials necessary for life.
- B.
Found in all organisms.
- C.
Sometimes specialized for particular functions.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
The correct answer is "All of the above" because cells are indeed the structures that contain all of the materials necessary for life. They are found in all organisms, from the simplest single-celled organisms to complex multicellular organisms. Additionally, cells can be specialized for particular functions, such as nerve cells for transmitting electrical signals or muscle cells for contraction. Therefore, all of the given statements are true and encompass the various aspects of cells.Rate this question:
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- 42.
Which statement best describes how consumers get the food they need to survive?
- A.
They use energy from the sun to make food from water and carbon dioxide.
- B.
They obtain energy and food from the chemicals in their environment.
- C.
They eat other organisms.
- D.
They break down the nutrients in dead organisms or animal wastes.
Correct Answer
C. They eat other organisms.Explanation
Consumers get the food they need to survive by eating other organisms. This means that they obtain energy and nutrients by consuming other living organisms. This process is known as heterotrophic nutrition. Unlike producers, such as plants, consumers cannot produce their own food through photosynthesis. Instead, they rely on consuming other organisms to obtain the energy and nutrients necessary for their survival.Rate this question:
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- 43.
The "factory" through which the "protein assembly line" is fed is the
- A.
Cell wall.
- B.
Ribosome
- C.
Nucleus
- D.
Cell membrane.
Correct Answer
B. RibosomeExplanation
The ribosome is responsible for protein synthesis in the cell. It acts as the "factory" where the "protein assembly line" takes place. Ribosomes can be found both in the cytoplasm and attached to the endoplasmic reticulum. They receive instructions from the nucleus in the form of mRNA and use this information to assemble amino acids into proteins. Therefore, the ribosome is the correct answer as it is the site where protein synthesis occurs and where the protein assembly line is fed.Rate this question:
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- 44.
Chargaff's rules are represented as
- A.
A = T and G = C.
- B.
A = G and T = C.
- C.
A = C and T = G.
- D.
T = C and G = A.
Correct Answer
A. A = T and G = C.Explanation
Chargaff's rules state that in DNA, the amount of adenine (A) is equal to the amount of thymine (T), and the amount of guanine (G) is equal to the amount of cytosine (C). This means that A and T always pair together, and G and C always pair together. Therefore, the correct representation of Chargaff's rules is A = T and G = C.Rate this question:
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- 45.
Exocytosis means
- A.
"within the cell."
- B.
"outside the cell."
- C.
"made by light."
- D.
"breathing."
Correct Answer
B. "outside the cell."Explanation
Exocytosis refers to the process in which substances are released from a cell by fusing the membrane-bound vesicles containing these substances with the cell membrane, allowing them to be expelled outside the cell. This process is essential for various cellular functions such as secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, and enzymes. Therefore, the correct answer is "outside the cell."Rate this question:
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- 46.
The organism’s appearance is known as its
- A.
Heredity
- B.
Pedigree
- C.
Phenotype
- D.
Genotype
Correct Answer
C. PhenotypeExplanation
The organism's appearance is known as its phenotype. Phenotype refers to the observable characteristics or traits of an organism, such as its physical appearance, behavior, or any other observable feature. It is determined by the interaction of an organism's genetic makeup (genotype) with its environment. While heredity, pedigree, and genotype are related concepts, they do not specifically refer to the organism's appearance or observable traits.Rate this question:
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- 47.
Organisms use energy to
- A.
Move materials into and out of cells.
- B.
Build cells.
- C.
Make or break down food.
- D.
All of the above
Correct Answer
D. All of the aboveExplanation
Organisms use energy for various processes. They need energy to move materials into and out of cells, which is essential for maintaining homeostasis and allowing cells to function properly. Energy is also required to build cells, as organisms constantly undergo cell division and growth. Additionally, energy is utilized in the synthesis and breakdown of food molecules, which provides the necessary nutrients for survival and energy production. Therefore, all of the given options correctly describe the different ways in which organisms use energy.Rate this question:
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- 48.
Maintaining a body temperature of 37°C and a stable amount of sugar in your blood are both examples of
- A.
Homeostasis
- B.
Metabolism
- C.
Photosynthesis
- D.
Respiration
Correct Answer
A. HomeostasisExplanation
Homeostasis refers to the ability of an organism to maintain stable internal conditions despite changes in the external environment. Maintaining a body temperature of 37°C and a stable amount of sugar in the blood are both examples of homeostasis because the body regulates these variables to ensure optimal functioning. Metabolism, photosynthesis, and respiration are all important processes, but they do not directly relate to the maintenance of internal stability in the same way that homeostasis does.Rate this question:
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- 49.
____ used plants to study the way traits are passed from parents to offspring.
- A.
Mendel
- B.
Punnett
- C.
Sutton
- D.
Allele
Correct Answer
A. MendelExplanation
Mendel used plants to study the way traits are passed from parents to offspring. He conducted experiments with pea plants and observed how different traits, such as flower color and seed shape, were inherited by offspring. Through his experiments, Mendel discovered the principles of inheritance and developed the laws of genetics, which laid the foundation for our understanding of how traits are passed down through generations.Rate this question:
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- 50.
The term that means "outside the cell" is
- A.
Osmosis
- B.
Active transportation.
- C.
Endocytosis
- D.
Exocytosis
Correct Answer
D. ExocytosisExplanation
Exocytosis is the correct answer because it is the process by which materials are transported out of the cell. During exocytosis, vesicles containing cellular waste, hormones, or other substances fuse with the cell membrane, releasing their contents into the extracellular space. This process is essential for the secretion of proteins, hormones, and neurotransmitters, as well as the removal of waste materials from the cell. Therefore, exocytosis is the term that specifically refers to transportation outside the cell.Rate this question:
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