Sociology Quiz Questions: Exam!

The norm associated with the sick role is that sick people should seek and follow medical advice. This means that when individuals are sick, they are expected to actively seek help from medical professionals and comply with their recommendations in order to recover and restore their health. This norm emphasizes the importance of seeking appropriate medical care and following the advice provided by healthcare professionals to effectively manage and treat illnesses.

Lessened immigration does not promote social mobility because it restricts the movement of individuals from one country to another. Social mobility refers to the ability of individuals to move up or down the social ladder based on factors such as education, wealth, and opportunities. When immigration is limited, it reduces the potential for individuals to access new opportunities, resources, and social networks in different countries, which can hinder their ability to improve their social status and achieve upward mobility.

Women are more likely to live longer than men due to several factors. Firstly, women tend to have a biological advantage as they have two X chromosomes, which may provide better protection against certain diseases and genetic conditions. Additionally, women generally engage in healthier behaviors such as seeking medical care more often, following preventive measures, and having healthier lifestyles. Social factors such as lower rates of occupational hazards and risky behaviors also contribute to women's longer lifespan. Overall, these factors contribute to women's higher life expectancy compared to men.

Rational-legal authority is best described as authority based on submission to a set of reasonably established rules. This means that individuals in positions of authority are granted power and legitimacy through a system of rules and laws that are rational and legally established. This type of authority is commonly found in bureaucratic systems, where rules and regulations guide decision-making and actions. It is different from authority based on personal characteristics or the use of force.

When men end up alone, their health suffers. This could be due to various factors such as increased stress levels, lack of emotional support, unhealthy lifestyle choices, and decreased motivation to take care of oneself. Being alone can lead to feelings of loneliness and isolation, which can negatively impact mental and physical well-being. Additionally, without a partner to provide companionship and support, men may be less likely to seek medical help or engage in healthy behaviors, leading to poorer overall health outcomes.

The function of education that pertains to the teaching of specific skills such as reading and mathematics is known as "Training and knowledge." This function of education focuses on imparting practical skills and knowledge to individuals, enabling them to acquire and develop specific abilities and competencies. It emphasizes the importance of acquiring essential skills and knowledge that are necessary for individuals to succeed in their personal and professional lives.

Demography is the study of population, including its size, structure, distribution, and changes over time. It involves analyzing various factors such as birth rates, death rates, migration patterns, and age distribution to understand the dynamics of a population. Demographers use statistical methods and data to study population trends, patterns, and characteristics, which helps in making informed decisions related to public health, social policies, and resource allocation. By focusing on population, demography provides valuable insights into the social, economic, and political aspects of a society.

Socioeconomic status is a measure of social class that ranks individuals based on their income, education, occupation, or a combination of these factors. It takes into account various indicators of social standing and economic well-being to determine an individual's position in society. This measure provides a comprehensive understanding of an individual's social class, considering both their economic resources and social prestige.

Authority refers to power that is supported by norms and values, which legitimize its use. It is the ability to influence others based on their belief in the legitimacy of the power holder's position or role. This legitimacy is derived from social norms, laws, and values that society recognizes and accepts. Authority is different from coercion, which involves the use of force or threats, and influence, which is the ability to persuade or convince others. Tradition, on the other hand, refers to the transmission of customs or beliefs from generation to generation and is not directly related to the legitimacy of power.

Approximately one in five American children grow up in poverty. This means that out of every five children in the United States, one of them is living in poverty. Poverty can have a significant impact on a child's well-being, including their access to education, healthcare, and basic necessities. It is a concerning issue that requires attention and efforts to address and alleviate the effects of poverty on children's lives.

The main difference between a social movement and collective behavior is that collective behavior is unplanned, while social movements are organized. Collective behavior refers to spontaneous and uncoordinated actions or behaviors of a group of people, often in response to a specific event or situation. In contrast, social movements involve a deliberate and organized effort by a large number of individuals to bring about social or political change. Social movements typically have specific goals, strategies, and leadership structures, whereas collective behavior is more spontaneous and lacks formal organization.

Islam is the fastest-growing major world religion due to a combination of factors. Firstly, the high birth rates among Muslim populations contribute to its rapid growth. Secondly, the increasing number of conversions to Islam also contributes to its expansion. Additionally, the spread of Islam through migration and globalization has further fueled its growth. Overall, these factors have led to Islam surpassing other major religions in terms of its growth rate.

Marx referred to the class that does not own the means of production and has to sell its labor to those who do as "the proletariat." This term is used to describe the working class, who are dependent on wages earned through their labor. Marx believed that the proletariat, due to their exploitation and alienation under capitalism, would eventually rise up and overthrow the bourgeoisie to establish a communist society.

Homogamy refers to people marrying others similar to themselves. This means that individuals tend to choose partners who share similar characteristics such as education level, socioeconomic status, religious beliefs, and values. Homogamy is often based on the principle of assortative mating, where individuals are attracted to others who are similar to them in various aspects. This can contribute to the formation of stable and harmonious relationships as partners have common interests and understand each other better.

The correct answer is the glass ceiling. The glass ceiling refers to the invisible barriers that prevent women from advancing to higher positions in traditionally male-dominated careers. It represents the discriminatory practices and attitudes that limit women's opportunities for promotion and career advancement. This term highlights the gender inequality and lack of diversity in leadership positions.

The average American generates 35 pounds of garbage each week. This is a significant amount of waste that is produced on a regular basis. It highlights the need for better waste management and recycling practices to reduce the environmental impact of this waste.

Power refers to the ability to get others to do something, even if they do not want to. It involves having control or authority over others and the ability to make decisions that others must follow. Power can be exerted through various means, such as through the use of force, coercion, manipulation, or persuasion. It is different from influence, which is the ability to persuade or convince others without necessarily having direct control or authority over them. Politics and conflict may be related to power, but they are not synonymous with it.

The correct answer is a. The family may be biological as well as social. This means that the family can be based on blood relationships (biological) or on social relationships such as marriage or adoption. Unlike other social institutions, such as education or government, the family has both biological and social dimensions.

Major depression and problems with alcohol are the most commonly reported forms of mental illness in the U.S. This suggests that many individuals in the country experience symptoms of depression and also struggle with alcohol abuse or dependence. These two conditions often coexist, with alcohol being used as a form of self-medication for depressive symptoms. It is important to address both major depression and alcohol problems in order to provide comprehensive and effective treatment for individuals dealing with these mental health issues.

The correct answer is 50% because it states that the richest 20 percent of the U.S. population hold approximately what percent of total income. This means that out of the total income in the country, the top 20 percent of the population holds 50% of it.

Approximately 40% of all births in the U.S. are to unmarried women. This suggests that a significant portion of the population is choosing not to marry before having children. This could be due to various reasons such as changing societal norms, personal choices, or economic factors. The high percentage also indicates the need for social and economic support systems for unmarried mothers and their children.

Traditional authority refers to a form of decision-making power that is based on the sanctity of time-honored routines. It is a type of authority that is derived from long-standing customs, traditions, and beliefs. This form of authority is often seen in traditional societies or institutions where power is passed down through generations and is upheld by the collective acceptance and respect for established norms and practices. Traditional authority relies on the legitimacy of the past and the belief that these long-standing routines hold inherent value and should be followed.

In 2009, full-time, full-year female workers earned an all-time high of 78 percent of what men earn. This means that women earned 78% of what men earned in terms of wages. This indicates progress towards gender pay equality, as women were earning a higher percentage compared to previous years.

Talcott Parsons is considered the first to formulate the classic sociological theory of illness. He argued that illness is not only a biological phenomenon but also a social one, influenced by cultural norms and values. Parsons emphasized the role of the sick role, which is a set of rights and responsibilities that society assigns to individuals who are ill. He believed that the sick role serves as a mechanism for maintaining social order and regulating the behavior of sick individuals. Parsons' theory has had a significant impact on the field of medical sociology.

The answer "most" is correct because it implies that the majority of grandparents report seeing their grandchildren at least once per month and having a good relationship with them. This suggests that a significant portion of grandparents have regular contact and positive interactions with their grandchildren.

Female non-college students would be most likely to report experiencing sexual harassment. This is because non-college students may have fewer resources and support systems available to them compared to college students. Additionally, women in general are more likely to experience sexual harassment compared to men, and being in a non-college setting may further increase their vulnerability.

Students who are tracked into low-ability groups learn less than other students because they are taught less. This means that they receive fewer instructional hours, less attention from teachers, and are not exposed to the same curriculum and resources as students in higher-ability groups. As a result, these students have fewer opportunities to engage with the material, practice their skills, and receive feedback, leading to lower academic achievement compared to their peers.

The correct answer is b. The state determines who can use coercion legitimately. This means that the state has the authority to decide when and how coercion can be used, and it sets the boundaries for what is considered legitimate use of force. This can include granting certain individuals or institutions the power to use coercion, such as the police or military, while also establishing laws and regulations to ensure that coercion is used in a controlled and justified manner.

The criticism in option c suggests that the relative-deprivation theory places excessive emphasis on the causes of deprivation and the factors that result in the formation of a social movement. In other words, it argues that the theory does not adequately address other important aspects of social movements, such as the dynamics of collective action or the role of external factors.

Approximately 1.5 billion people in the world are seriously undernourished. This means that a significant portion of the global population does not have access to enough food to meet their basic nutritional needs. This issue of undernourishment is a major concern as it can lead to malnutrition, weakened immune systems, and a higher risk of disease and death. Efforts to address this problem include improving agricultural practices, promoting food security, and implementing social welfare programs to ensure that everyone has access to an adequate and nutritious diet.

Men are four times more likely than women to die in a motor vehicle accident. This means that the probability of men dying in a motor vehicle accident is four times higher compared to women. This could be due to various factors such as differences in driving behavior, risk-taking tendencies, or physical characteristics. However, without further information, it is not possible to determine the exact reasons behind this statistic.

C. Wright Mills is associated with the power elite model. This model suggests that power in society is concentrated in the hands of a small group of individuals who hold positions of authority in government, corporations, and the military. Mills argued that these elites make decisions that shape society and that they often act in their own self-interest rather than in the best interest of the general population. He believed that this concentration of power was a threat to democracy and called for greater awareness and activism to challenge the power elite.

The lasting contribution of Weber's analysis of the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism is the idea that religion can be an important element in social change. Weber argued that the Protestant work ethic, which emphasized hard work, frugality, and discipline, played a significant role in the development of capitalism. He believed that religious beliefs and values could shape economic behavior and have a profound impact on society. This idea challenged the prevailing notion that religion and economics were separate spheres, and it continues to influence sociological and historical studies on the relationship between religion and social change.

The correct answer is c. Married mothers and unemployed women. This is because being married and having children can bring additional stress and responsibilities, which can increase the risk of depression. Additionally, being unemployed can also contribute to feelings of worthlessness and hopelessness, leading to higher rates of depression among unemployed women.

The correct answer is c. 6.3 billion. This answer is based on the current estimated world population. As of 2021, the world population is estimated to be around 7.9 billion. However, since the question asks for the approximate population, the closest option is 6.3 billion.

Replacement level fertility refers to the number of children a woman needs to have in order to replace herself and her partner in the population. With modern levels of mortality, the average number of children per woman that is required for replacement level fertility is 2.1. This means that, on average, each woman needs to have 2.1 children in order to maintain a stable population size.

Tracking is the correct answer because it refers to the practice of evaluating children early in their school experience and then placing them in specific educational programs based on these evaluations. This practice aims to group students with similar abilities and needs together, allowing for tailored instruction and support. Tracking can help ensure that students receive appropriate educational opportunities and resources that meet their individual needs and abilities.

Improvements in nutrition played a significant role in the declining mortality rates in the West. Access to better quality and more varied food, along with increased knowledge about proper nutrition, led to improved overall health and reduced susceptibility to diseases. Adequate nutrition provided the necessary nutrients for the body to function properly, strengthening the immune system and promoting overall well-being. This, in turn, contributed to lower mortality rates as people became less vulnerable to illnesses and had better chances of recovery.