Special Education (50)

Receptive language refers to the ability to understand spoken language, not necessarily the ability to speak fluently or express thoughts and feelings.

Cognitive theory, specifically Jean Piaget's theory, emphasizes the interaction between children and their environment in the development of knowledge.

The formal operational stage is the last stage of cognitive development according to Jean Piaget, where children can think abstractly and test predictions, typically occurring from ages 11 and up. The incorrect answers provided describe stages from other developmental theories such as Erikson's psychosocial stages.

Social learning theory highlights the importance of observing and imitating others in the learning process, especially when the behavior is rewarded. It emphasizes the role of social interactions in cognitive development.

PBIS is specifically focused on promoting positive behaviors in school settings, not predicting behavior scientifically, providing therapy for anxiety, or offering advanced math education.

Attribution theory specifically deals with understanding how individuals explain the cause of events they experience in their lives. It explores factors such as internal versus external attributions and the impact these attributions have on behavior.

David McClelland's needs theory focuses on the need for achievement, affiliation, and power as primary drivers of motivation in individuals. These needs are distinct from the incorrect options provided, which do not align with McClelland's theory.

A speech-language pathologist is specifically trained to work with individuals who have difficulties with speech or language. While related fields like physical therapy, psychology, and teaching may involve aspects of speech and language, a speech-language pathologist has a unique set of skills and expertise in this area.

Dyscalculia is a specific learning disability related to math and is not related to dyslexia, visual information processing, or written language comprehension.

Presentation accommodations refer to the various ways in which learning material can be presented to accommodate the needs of different individuals, such as through braille books, large print, or auditory information.

The cover-copy-compare strategy is specifically used for spelling intervention and involves studying the word, covering it up, writing it from memory, and comparing the spelling to the original word.

Apraxia of speech is a motor speech disorder, not related to hearing or muscle movement issues, that affects the ability to produce speech sounds correctly.

Semantics refers to the meaning of words and how they are combined in languages, while syntax deals with the structure of sentences. Pronunciation is related to the sounding of words, and the history of language development is a separate field from semantics.

Intellectual disabilities are specifically related to cognitive impairments impacting daily functioning, not physical, sensory, or emotional impairments.

Push-in services involve bringing the special education to the student in their regular classroom, while pull-out services involve taking the student out of the regular classroom for special education services.

A functional behavioral assessment (FBA) is not meant to diagnose mental health disorders, prescribe medication, or recommend long-term therapy. Its primary purpose is to identify the function of a behavior and develop a plan for intervention to address the behavior.

A token economy system is a positive reinforcement strategy used to encourage positive behavior in schools through the use of symbols or items as currency for rewards.

The correct answers highlight the importance of identifying the contextual factors surrounding the behavior, such as the environment, timing, individuals involved, and triggers, rather than focusing on irrelevant aspects or blaming individuals.

When considering a classroom environment for students with sensory needs, it is important to focus on factors that may cause distractions related to sensory input. This can include elements like lighting, classroom décor, and more, rather than factors like homework amount, extracurricular schedules, or cafeteria amenities.

A BIP is a collaborative document that involves various school personnel who interact with the student to ensure consistency and effectiveness in implementing behavior interventions.

Mislearning refers to the situation where students mistakenly grasp incorrect information during the learning process, leading them to believe in false conclusions.

The correct answer defines the cloze procedure as a method of indirect teaching where students fill in missing words in a passage.

Emergent curriculum is centered around student interests and daily activities, rather than being pre-defined or solely teacher-driven.

The concept of 'multiple means of expression' in UDL emphasizes providing diverse and varied options for students to demonstrate their understanding and knowledge, moving beyond traditional one-size-fits-all assessments.

The correct answer highlights the direct instructional model commonly used in educational technology, which emphasizes guided practice and immediate feedback. The incorrect answers provide examples of other instructional models to showcase the difference in approaches.

For tier 3 interventions, direct teaching or direct instruction is often used to provide targeted one-on-one support to individual students who require more intensive help. Group discussions, hands-on-experiments, and independent study are typically used for less intensive interventions or for broader classroom instruction.

Norm-referenced assessment involves comparing an individual's performance to that of a group, while the incorrect answers describe other types of assessment approaches.

Criterion-referenced tests are specifically designed to measure an individual's performance against a set standard or criteria, rather than comparing them to others or assessing other factors like personality or physical abilities.